UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 8-K
CURRENT REPORT
Pursuant to Section 13 OR 15(d) of The Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported): April 17, 2024
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation) | (Commission File Number) | (IRS Employer Identification No.) | |||||||||||||||||||||
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (713 ) 570-3000
| (Former name or former address, if changed since last report.) | ||
Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions (see General Instruction A.2. below):
| Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425) | ||||||||
| Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12) | ||||||||
| Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b)) | ||||||||
| Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c)) | ||||||||
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered | ||||||
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (17 CFR §230.405) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (17 CFR §240.12b-2).
Emerging growth company ☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
ITEM 2.02 — RESULTS OF OPERATIONS AND FINANCIAL CONDITION
On April 17, 2024, Crown Castle Inc. ("Company") issued a press release disclosing its financial results for the first quarter March 31, 2024. A copy of the press release is furnished herewith as Exhibit 99.1.
ITEM 7.01 — REGULATION FD DISCLOSURE
The press release referenced in Item 2.02 above refers to certain supplemental information that was posted as a supplemental information package on the Company's website on April 17, 2024. The supplemental information package is furnished herewith as Exhibit 99.2.
ITEM 9.01 — FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND EXHIBITS
(d) Exhibits
Exhibit Index
| Exhibit No. | Description | |||||||
| 99.1 | ||||||||
| 99.2 | ||||||||
| 104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File - the cover page XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document | |||||||
The information in Items 2.02 and 7.01 of this Current Report on Form 8-K ("Form 8-K") and Exhibits 99.1 and 99.2 attached hereto are furnished as part of this Form 8-K and shall not be deemed "filed" for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended ("Exchange Act"), or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section, nor shall such information or exhibits be deemed incorporated by reference in any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, except as shall be expressly set forth by specific reference in such a filing.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.
| CROWN CASTLE INC. | ||||||||||||||
| By: | /s/ Edward B. Adams, Jr. | |||||||||||||
| Name: | Edward B. Adams, Jr. | |||||||||||||
| Title: | Executive Vice President and General Counsel | |||||||||||||
Date: April 17, 2024
Exhibit 99.1
 | NEWS RELEASE April 17, 2024 | |||||||
| Contacts: Dan Schlanger, CFO | |||||
| Kris Hinson, VP Corp Finance & Treasurer | |||||
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE | Crown Castle Inc. | ||||
713-570-3050 | |||||
CROWN CASTLE REPORTS FIRST QUARTER 2024 RESULTS AND MAINTAINS OUTLOOK FOR FULL YEAR 2024
April 17, 2024 - HOUSTON, TEXAS - Crown Castle Inc. (NYSE: CCI) ("Crown Castle") today reported results for the first quarter ended March 31, 2024 and maintained its full year 2024 outlook, as reflected in the table below.
| (dollars in millions, except per share amounts) | Current Full Year 2024 Outlook(a) | Full Year 2023 Actual | Change | % Change | |||||||||||||
| Site rental revenues | $6,370 | $6,532 | $(162) | (2)% | |||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $1,253 | $1,502 | $(249) | (17)% | |||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) per share—diluted | $2.88 | $3.46 | $(0.58) | (17)% | |||||||||||||
Adjusted EBITDA(b) | $4,163 | $4,415 | $(252) | (6)% | |||||||||||||
AFFO(b) | $3,005 | $3,277 | $(272) | (8)% | |||||||||||||
AFFO per share(b) | $6.91 | $7.55 | $(0.64) | (8)% | |||||||||||||
(a)Reflects midpoint of full year 2024 Outlook as issued on April 17, 2024 and unchanged from previous full year 2024 Outlook issued on January 24, 2024.
(b)See "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" for further information and reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures to net income (loss), including on a per share basis.
"I'm pleased the team was able to continue to serve our customers well and deliver solid financial and operating results in the first quarter, and we remain on track to meet our full year 2024 outlook," said Tony Melone, who served as Crown Castle's Interim President and Chief Executive Officer ("CEO"). "At the same time, we made significant progress on the fiber strategic review and appointed Steven Moskowitz, a proven leader with deep industry experience, as Crown Castle's new President and CEO. With over 25 years of demonstrated operating experience and a successful track record of value creation, I believe Steven's leadership will enable Crown Castle to execute its strategic and operating plans and grow value for all shareholders."
RESULTS FOR THE QUARTER
The table below sets forth select financial results for the quarters ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023.
The pathway to possible.
CrownCastle.com
| News Release continued: | Page 2 | |||||||
| (dollars in millions, except per share amounts) | Q1 2024 | Q1 2023 | Change | % Change | |||||||||||||
| Site rental revenues | $1,588 | $1,624 | $(36) | (2)% | |||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $311 | $418 | $(107) | (26)% | |||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) per share—diluted | $0.71 | $0.97 | $(0.26) | (27)% | |||||||||||||
Adjusted EBITDA(a) | $1,036 | $1,104 | $(68) | (6)% | |||||||||||||
AFFO(a) | $749 | $828 | $(79) | (10)% | |||||||||||||
AFFO per share(a) | $1.72 | $1.91 | $(0.19) | (10)% | |||||||||||||
(a)See "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" for further information and reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures to net income (loss), including on a per share basis.
HIGHLIGHTS FROM THE QUARTER
•Site rental revenues. Site rental revenues declined 2%, or $36 million, from first quarter 2023 to first quarter 2024, with an increase of approximately $17 million in Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings, more than offset by a $24 million decrease in straight-lined revenues, and a $30 million decrease in amortization of prepaid rent. The $17 million in Organic Contributions to Site Rental Billings represents 1.2% growth, or 5.0% when adjusting for a $50 million decrease to Site Rental Billings related to the previously disclosed Sprint Cancellations.
•Net income. Net income for the first quarter 2024 was $311 million compared to $418 million for the first quarter 2023.
•Adjusted EBITDA. First quarter 2024 Adjusted EBITDA was $1.04 billion compared to $1.10 billion for the first quarter 2023. The decrease in the quarter was primarily a result of the lower contribution from site rental revenues and $26 million of lower services contribution.
•AFFO and AFFO per share. First quarter 2024 AFFO was $749 million, or $1.72 per share, each representing a decrease from the first quarter 2023 of 10%. The decrease in the quarter was primarily a result of the lower contribution from Adjusted EBITDA and higher interest expense compared to first quarter 2023.
•Capital expenditures. Capital expenditures during the quarter were $320 million, comprised of $298 million of discretionary capital expenditures and $22 million of sustaining capital expenditures. Discretionary capital expenditures included approximately $259 million attributable to Fiber and $33 million attributable to Towers.
•Common stock dividend. During the quarter, Crown Castle paid common stock dividends of approximately $688 million in the aggregate, or $1.565 per common share, unchanged on a per share basis compared to the same period a year ago.
"With first quarter results in line with expectations, we remain on track to meet our full year guidance as we continue to focus on executing for our customers and shareholders," said Dan Schlanger, Crown Castle's Chief Financial Officer. "In the first quarter we delivered 5.0% consolidated core organic growth with solid performance across each line of business as demand for our tower, small cell, and fiber solutions shared infrastructure continues to grow. In addition, our balance sheet remains well-positioned to provide stability and flexibility as we evaluate strategic paths forward. We finished the first quarter with more than 90% fixed rate debt, a weighted average maturity of 7 years, only 8% of our debt maturing through 2025, and $6 billion of liquidity under our revolving credit facility."
The pathway to possible.
CrownCastle.com
| News Release continued: | Page 3 | |||||||
OUTLOOK
This Outlook section contains forward-looking statements, and actual results may differ materially. Information regarding potential risks which could cause actual results to differ from the forward-looking statements herein is set forth below and in Crown Castle's filings with the SEC.
The following table sets forth Crown Castle's current full year 2024 Outlook, which remains unchanged from the previous full year 2024 Outlook.
| (in millions, except per share amounts) | Full Year 2024(a) | ||||||||||
Site rental billings(b) | $5,740 | to | $5,780 | ||||||||
| Amortization of prepaid rent | $410 | to | $435 | ||||||||
| Straight-lined revenues | $175 | to | $200 | ||||||||
| Site rental revenues | $6,347 | to | $6,392 | ||||||||
Site rental costs of operations(c) | $1,686 | to | $1,731 | ||||||||
| Services and other gross margin | $65 | to | $95 | ||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $1,213 | to | $1,293 | ||||||||
| Net income (loss) per share—diluted | $2.79 | to | $2.97 | ||||||||
Adjusted EBITDA(d) | $4,138 | to | $4,188 | ||||||||
| Depreciation, amortization and accretion | $1,680 | to | $1,775 | ||||||||
Interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs, net(e) | $933 | to | $978 | ||||||||
FFO(d) | $2,951 | to | $2,996 | ||||||||
AFFO(d) | $2,980 | to | $3,030 | ||||||||
AFFO per share(d) | $6.85 | to | $6.97 | ||||||||
(a)As issued on April 17, 2024 and unchanged from the previous full year 2024 Outlook issued on January 24, 2024.
(b)See "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" for our definition of site rental billings.
(c)Exclusive of depreciation, amortization and accretion.
(d)See "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" for further information and reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures to net income (loss), including on a per share basis.
(e)See "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" for the reconciliation of "Outlook for Components of Interest Expense."
•The chart below reconciles the components contributing to expected 2024 growth in site rental revenues. Full year consolidated site rental billings growth, excluding the impact of Sprint Cancellations, is expected to be 5%, inclusive of 4.5% from towers, 13% from small cells, and 3% from fiber solutions.
The pathway to possible.
CrownCastle.com
| News Release continued: | Page 4 | |||||||
•The chart below reconciles the components contributing to the year over year change to 2024 AFFO.
•The full year 2024 Outlook for discretionary capital expenditures and prepaid rent additions remains unchanged. Expected discretionary capital expenditures are $1.5 billion to $1.6 billion, including approximately $1.4 billion in the Fiber segment and $180 million in the Towers segment, and prepaid rent additions are expected to be approximately $430 million in 2024, including $350 million from Fiber and $80 million from Towers.
Additional information is available in Crown Castle's quarterly Supplemental Information Package posted in the Investors section of our website.
CONFERENCE CALL DETAILS
Crown Castle has scheduled a conference call for Wednesday, April 17, 2024, at 5:00 p.m. Eastern time to discuss its first quarter 2024 results. A listen only live audio webcast of the conference call, along with supplemental materials for the call, can be accessed on the Crown Castle website at https://investor.crowncastle.com. Participants may join the conference call by dialing 833-816-1115 (Toll Free) or 412-317-0694 (International) at least 30 minutes prior to the start time. All dial-in participants should ask to join the Crown Castle call.
A replay of the webcast will be available on the Investor page of Crown Castle's website until end of day, Thursday, April 17, 2025.
ABOUT CROWN CASTLE
Crown Castle owns, operates and leases more than 40,000 cell towers and approximately 90,000 route miles of fiber supporting small cells and fiber solutions across every major U.S. market. This nationwide portfolio of communications infrastructure connects cities and communities to essential data, technology and wireless service - bringing information, ideas and innovations to the people and businesses that need them. For more information on Crown Castle, please visit www.crowncastle.com.
The pathway to possible.
CrownCastle.com
| News Release continued: | Page 5 | |||||||
Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information
This press release includes presentations of Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted Funds from Operations ("AFFO"), including per share amounts, Funds from Operations ("FFO"), including per share amounts, Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings, including as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations, and Net Debt, which are non-GAAP financial measures. These non-GAAP financial measures are not intended as alternative measures of operating results or cash flow from operations (as determined in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles ("GAAP")).
Our non-GAAP financial measures may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies, including other companies in the communications infrastructure sector or other real estate investment trusts ("REITs").
In addition to the non-GAAP financial measures used herein, we also provide segment site rental gross margin, segment services and other gross margin and segment operating profit, which are key measures used by management to evaluate our operating segments. These segment measures are provided pursuant to GAAP requirements related to segment reporting. In addition, we provide the components of certain GAAP measures, such as site rental revenues and capital expenditures.
Our non-GAAP financial measures are presented as additional information because management believes these measures are useful indicators of the financial performance of our business. Among other things, management believes that:
•Adjusted EBITDA is useful to investors or other interested parties in evaluating our financial performance. Adjusted EBITDA is the primary measure used by management (1) to evaluate the economic productivity of our operations and (2) for purposes of making decisions about allocating resources to, and assessing the performance of, our operations. Management believes that Adjusted EBITDA helps investors or other interested parties meaningfully evaluate and compare the results of our operations (1) from period to period and (2) to our competitors, by removing the impact of our capital structure (primarily interest charges from our outstanding debt) and asset base (primarily depreciation, amortization and accretion) from our financial results. Management also believes Adjusted EBITDA is frequently used by investors or other interested parties in the evaluation of the communications infrastructure sector and other REITs to measure financial performance without regard to items such as depreciation, amortization and accretion, which can vary depending upon accounting methods and the book value of assets. In addition, Adjusted EBITDA is similar to the measure of current financial performance generally used in our debt covenant calculations. Adjusted EBITDA should be considered only as a supplement to net income (loss) computed in accordance with GAAP as a measure of our performance.
•AFFO, including per share amounts, is useful to investors or other interested parties in evaluating our financial performance. Management believes that AFFO helps investors or other interested parties meaningfully evaluate our financial performance as it includes (1) the impact of our capital structure (primarily interest expense on our outstanding debt and dividends on our preferred stock (in periods where applicable)) and (2) sustaining capital expenditures, and excludes the impact of our (1) asset base (primarily depreciation, amortization and accretion) and (2) certain non-cash items, including straight-lined revenues and expenses related to fixed escalations and rent free periods. GAAP requires rental revenues and expenses related to leases that contain specified rental increases over the life of the lease to be recognized evenly over the life of the lease. In accordance with GAAP, if payment terms call for fixed escalations or rent free periods, the revenues or expenses are recognized on a straight-lined basis over the fixed, non-cancelable term of the contract. Management notes that Crown Castle uses AFFO only as a performance measure. AFFO should be considered only as a supplement to net income (loss) computed in accordance with GAAP as a measure of our performance and should not be considered as an alternative to cash flow from operations or as residual cash flow available for discretionary investment.
•FFO, including per share amounts, is useful to investors or other interested parties in evaluating our financial performance. Management believes that FFO may be used by investors or other interested parties as a basis to compare our financial performance with that of other REITs. FFO helps investors or other interested parties meaningfully evaluate financial performance by excluding the impact of our asset base (primarily real estate depreciation, amortization and accretion). FFO is not a key performance indicator used by Crown Castle. FFO should be considered only as a supplement to net income (loss) computed in accordance with GAAP as a measure of our performance and should not be considered as an alternative to cash flow from operations.
The pathway to possible.
CrownCastle.com
| News Release continued: | Page 6 | |||||||
•Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings is useful to investors or other interested parties in understanding the components of the year-over-year changes in our site rental revenues computed in accordance with GAAP. Management uses Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings to assess year-over-year growth rates for our rental activities, to evaluate current performance, to capture trends in rental rates, core leasing activities and tenant non-renewals in our core business, as well as to forecast future results. Separately, we are also disclosing Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations, which is outside of ordinary course, to provide further insight into our results of operations and underlying trends. Management believes that identifying the impact for Sprint Cancellations provides increased transparency and comparability across periods. Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings (including as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations) is not meant as an alternative measure of revenue and should be considered only as a supplement in understanding and assessing the performance of our site rental revenues computed in accordance with GAAP.
•Net Debt is useful to investors or other interested parties in evaluating our overall debt position and future debt capacity. Management uses Net Debt in assessing our leverage. Net Debt is not meant as an alternative measure of debt and should be considered only as a supplement in understanding and assessing our leverage.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Adjusted EBITDA. We define Adjusted EBITDA as net income (loss) plus restructuring charges (credits), asset write-down charges, acquisition and integration costs, depreciation, amortization and accretion, amortization of prepaid lease purchase price adjustments, interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs, net, (gains) losses on retirement of long-term obligations, net (gain) loss on interest rate swaps, (gains) losses on foreign currency swaps, impairment of available-for-sale securities, interest income, other (income) expense, (benefit) provision for income taxes, net (income) loss from discontinued operations, (gain) loss on sale of discontinued operations, cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle and stock-based compensation expense, net.
AFFO. We define AFFO as FFO before straight-lined revenues, straight-lined expenses, stock-based compensation expense, net, non-cash portion of tax provision, non-real estate related depreciation, amortization and accretion, amortization of non-cash interest expense, other (income) expense, (gains) losses on retirement of long-term obligations, net (gain) loss on interest rate swaps, (gains) losses on foreign currency swaps, impairment of available-for-sale securities, acquisition and integration costs, restructuring charges (credits), net (income) loss from discontinued operations, (gain) loss on sale of discontinued operations, cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle and adjustments for noncontrolling interests, less sustaining capital expenditures.
AFFO per share. We define AFFO per share as AFFO divided by diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding.
FFO. We define FFO as net income (loss) plus real estate related depreciation, amortization and accretion and asset write-down charges, less noncontrolling interest and cash paid for preferred stock dividends (in periods where applicable), and is a measure of funds from operations attributable to common stockholders.
FFO per share. We define FFO per share as FFO divided by diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding.
Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings. We define Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as the sum of the change in site rental revenues related to core leasing activity, escalators and payments for Sprint Cancellations, less non-renewals of tenant contracts and non-renewals associated with Sprint Cancellations. Additionally, Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations reflects Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings less payments for Sprint Cancellations, plus non-renewals associated with Sprint Cancellations.
Net Debt. We define Net Debt as (1) debt and other long-term obligations and (2) current maturities of debt and other obligations, excluding unamortized adjustments, net; less cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents.
Segment Measures
Segment site rental gross margin. We define segment site rental gross margin as segment site rental revenues less segment site rental costs of operations, excluding stock-based compensation expense, net and amortization of prepaid lease purchase price adjustments recorded in consolidated site rental costs of operations.
Segment services and other gross margin. We define segment services and other gross margin as segment services and other revenues less segment services and other costs of operations, excluding stock-based compensation expense, net recorded in consolidated services and other costs of operations.
Segment operating profit. We define segment operating profit as segment site rental gross margin plus segment services and other gross margin, less segment selling, general and administrative expenses.
The pathway to possible.
CrownCastle.com
| News Release continued: | Page 7 | |||||||
All of these measurements of profit or loss are exclusive of depreciation, amortization and accretion, which are shown separately. Additionally, certain costs are shared across segments and are reflected in our segment measures through allocations that management believes to be reasonable.
Other Definitions
Site rental billings. We define site rental billings as site rental revenues exclusive of the impacts from (1) straight-lined revenues, (2) amortization of prepaid rent in accordance with GAAP and (3) contribution from recent acquisitions until the one-year anniversary of such acquisitions.
Core leasing activity. We define core leasing activity as site rental revenues growth from tenant additions across our entire portfolio and renewals or extensions of tenant contracts, exclusive of (1) the impacts from both straight-lined revenues and amortization of prepaid rent in accordance with GAAP and (2) payments for Sprint Cancellations, where applicable.
Non-renewals. We define non-renewals of tenant contracts as the reduction in site rental revenues as a result of tenant churn, terminations and, in limited circumstances, reductions of existing lease rates, exclusive of non-renewals associated with Sprint Cancellations, where applicable.
Discretionary capital expenditures. We define discretionary capital expenditures as those capital expenditures made with respect to activities which we believe exhibit sufficient potential to enhance long-term stockholder value. They primarily consist of expansion or development of communications infrastructure (including capital expenditures related to (1) enhancing communications infrastructure in order to add new tenants for the first time or support subsequent tenant equipment augmentations or (2) modifying the structure of a communications infrastructure asset to accommodate additional tenants) and construction of new communications infrastructure. Discretionary capital expenditures also include purchases of land interests (which primarily relates to land assets under towers as we seek to manage our interests in the land beneath our towers), certain technology-related investments necessary to support and scale future customer demand for our communications infrastructure, and other capital projects.
Sustaining capital expenditures. We define sustaining capital expenditures as those capital expenditures not otherwise categorized as discretionary capital expenditures, such as (1) maintenance capital expenditures on our communications infrastructure assets that enable our tenants' ongoing quiet enjoyment of the communications infrastructure and (2) ordinary corporate capital expenditures.
Sprint Cancellations. We define Sprint Cancellations as lease cancellations related to the previously disclosed T-Mobile US, Inc. and Sprint network consolidation as described in our press release dated April 19, 2023.
The pathway to possible.
CrownCastle.com
| News Release continued: | Page 8 | |||||||
Reconciliation of Historical Adjusted EBITDA:
For the Three Months Ended | For the Twelve Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||
(in millions; totals may not sum due to rounding) | March 31, 2024 | March 31, 2023 | December 31, 2023 | ||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 311 | $ | 418 | $ | 1,502 | |||||||||||
| Adjustments to increase (decrease) net income (loss): | |||||||||||||||||
| Asset write-down charges | 6 | — | 33 | ||||||||||||||
| Acquisition and integration costs | — | — | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Depreciation, amortization and accretion | 439 | 431 | 1,754 | ||||||||||||||
Restructuring charges(a) | 11 | — | 85 | ||||||||||||||
| Amortization of prepaid lease purchase price adjustments | 4 | 4 | 16 | ||||||||||||||
Interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs, net(b) | 226 | 202 | 850 | ||||||||||||||
| Interest income | (4) | (2) | (15) | ||||||||||||||
| Other (income) expense | (2) | 3 | 6 | ||||||||||||||
| (Benefit) provision for income taxes | 7 | 7 | 26 | ||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense, net | 38 | 41 | 157 | ||||||||||||||
Adjusted EBITDA(c)(d) | $ | 1,036 | $ | 1,104 | $ | 4,415 | |||||||||||
Reconciliation of Current Outlook for Adjusted EBITDA:
| Full Year 2024 | |||||||||||
(in millions; totals may not sum due to rounding) | Outlook(f) | ||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $1,213 | to | $1,293 | ||||||||
| Adjustments to increase (decrease) net income (loss): | |||||||||||
| Asset write-down charges | $42 | to | $52 | ||||||||
| Acquisition and integration costs | $0 | to | $6 | ||||||||
| Depreciation, amortization and accretion | $1,680 | to | $1,775 | ||||||||
Restructuring charges(a) | $0 | to | $15 | ||||||||
| Amortization of prepaid lease purchase price adjustments | $15 | to | $17 | ||||||||
Interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs, net(e) | $933 | to | $978 | ||||||||
| (Gains) losses on retirement of long-term obligations | $0 | to | $0 | ||||||||
| Interest income | $(12) | to | $(11) | ||||||||
| Other (income) expense | $0 | to | $9 | ||||||||
| (Benefit) provision for income taxes | $20 | to | $28 | ||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense, net | $142 | to | $146 | ||||||||
Adjusted EBITDA(c)(d) | $4,138 | to | $4,188 | ||||||||
(a)For information regarding the Company's restructuring plan announced in July 2023, see Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.
(b)See the reconciliation of "Components of Interest Expense" for a discussion of non-cash interest expense.
(c)See discussion and our definition of Adjusted EBITDA in this "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information."
(d)The above reconciliation excludes line items included in our definition which are not applicable for the periods shown.
(e)See the reconciliation of "Outlook for Components of Interest Expense" for a discussion of non-cash interest expense.
(f)As issued on April 17, 2024 and unchanged from previous full year 2024 Outlook issued on January 24, 2024.
The pathway to possible.
CrownCastle.com
| News Release continued: | Page 9 | |||||||
Reconciliation of Historical FFO and AFFO:
For the Three Months Ended | For the Twelve Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||
(in millions; totals may not sum due to rounding) | March 31, 2024 | March 31, 2023 | December 31, 2023 | ||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 311 | $ | 418 | $ | 1,502 | |||||||||||
| Real estate related depreciation, amortization and accretion | 425 | 417 | 1,692 | ||||||||||||||
| Asset write-down charges | 6 | — | 33 | ||||||||||||||
FFO(a)(b) | $ | 742 | $ | 835 | $ | 3,227 | |||||||||||
| Weighted-average common shares outstanding—diluted | 435 | 434 | 434 | ||||||||||||||
| FFO (from above) | $ | 742 | $ | 835 | $ | 3,227 | |||||||||||
| Adjustments to increase (decrease) FFO: | |||||||||||||||||
| Straight-lined revenues | (59) | (83) | (274) | ||||||||||||||
| Straight-lined expenses | 17 | 20 | 73 | ||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense, net | 38 | 41 | 157 | ||||||||||||||
| Non-cash portion of tax provision | 7 | 9 | 8 | ||||||||||||||
| Non-real estate related depreciation, amortization and accretion | 14 | 14 | 62 | ||||||||||||||
| Amortization of non-cash interest expense | 3 | 4 | 14 | ||||||||||||||
| Other (income) expense | (2) | 3 | 6 | ||||||||||||||
| Acquisition and integration costs | — | — | 1 | ||||||||||||||
Restructuring charges(c) | 11 | — | 85 | ||||||||||||||
| Sustaining capital expenditures | (22) | (15) | (83) | ||||||||||||||
AFFO(a)(b) | $ | 749 | $ | 828 | $ | 3,277 | |||||||||||
| Weighted-average common shares outstanding—diluted | 435 | 434 | 434 | ||||||||||||||
(a)See discussion and our definitions of FFO and AFFO in this "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information."
(b)The above reconciliation excludes line items included in our definition which are not applicable for the periods shown.
(c)For information regarding the Company's restructuring plan announced in July 2023, see Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.
The pathway to possible.
CrownCastle.com
| News Release continued: | Page 10 | |||||||
Reconciliation of Historical FFO and AFFO per share:
For the Three Months Ended | For the Twelve Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||
(in millions, except per share amounts; totals may not sum due to rounding) | March 31, 2024 | March 31, 2023 | December 31, 2023 | ||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 0.72 | $ | 0.96 | $ | 3.46 | |||||||||||
| Real estate related depreciation, amortization and accretion | 0.98 | 0.96 | 3.90 | ||||||||||||||
| Asset write-down charges | 0.01 | — | 0.08 | ||||||||||||||
FFO(a)(b) | $ | 1.71 | $ | 1.92 | $ | 7.43 | |||||||||||
| Weighted-average common shares outstanding—diluted | 435 | 434 | 434 | ||||||||||||||
| FFO (from above) | $ | 1.71 | $ | 1.92 | $ | 7.43 | |||||||||||
| Adjustments to increase (decrease) FFO: | |||||||||||||||||
| Straight-lined revenues | (0.14) | (0.19) | (0.63) | ||||||||||||||
| Straight-lined expenses | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.17 | ||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense, net | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.36 | ||||||||||||||
| Non-cash portion of tax provision | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | ||||||||||||||
| Non-real estate related depreciation, amortization and accretion | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.14 | ||||||||||||||
| Amortization of non-cash interest expense | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.03 | ||||||||||||||
| Other (income) expense | — | 0.01 | 0.01 | ||||||||||||||
| Acquisition and integration costs | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||
Restructuring charges(c) | 0.03 | — | 0.20 | ||||||||||||||
| Sustaining capital expenditures | (0.05) | (0.03) | (0.19) | ||||||||||||||
AFFO(a)(b) | $ | 1.72 | $ | 1.91 | $ | 7.55 | |||||||||||
| Weighted-average common shares outstanding—diluted | 435 | 434 | 434 | ||||||||||||||
(a)See discussion and our definitions of FFO and AFFO, including per share amounts, in this "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information."
(b)The above reconciliation excludes line items included in our definition which are not applicable for the periods shown.
(c)For information regarding the Company's restructuring plan announced in July 2023, see Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.
The pathway to possible.
CrownCastle.com
| News Release continued: | Page 11 | |||||||
Reconciliation of Current Outlook for FFO and AFFO:
| Full Year 2024 | Full Year 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
(in millions; totals may not sum due to rounding) | Outlook(a) | Outlook per share(a) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $1,213 | to | $1,293 | $2.79 | to | $2.97 | |||||||||||||||||
| Real estate related depreciation, amortization and accretion | $1,634 | to | $1,714 | $3.76 | to | $3.94 | |||||||||||||||||
| Asset write-down charges | $42 | to | $52 | $0.10 | to | $0.12 | |||||||||||||||||
FFO(b)(c) | $2,951 | to | $2,996 | $6.78 | to | $6.89 | |||||||||||||||||
| Weighted-average common shares outstanding—diluted | 435 | 435 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| FFO (from above) | $2,951 | to | $2,996 | $6.78 | to | $6.89 | |||||||||||||||||
| Adjustments to increase (decrease) FFO: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Straight-lined revenues | $(197) | to | $(177) | $(0.45) | to | $(0.41) | |||||||||||||||||
| Straight-lined expenses | $55 | to | $75 | $0.13 | to | $0.17 | |||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense, net | $142 | to | $146 | $0.33 | to | $0.34 | |||||||||||||||||
| Non-cash portion of tax provision | $2 | to | $17 | $0.00 | to | $0.04 | |||||||||||||||||
| Non-real estate related depreciation, amortization and accretion | $46 | to | $61 | $0.11 | to | $0.14 | |||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of non-cash interest expense | $9 | to | $19 | $0.02 | to | $0.04 | |||||||||||||||||
| Other (income) expense | $0 | to | $9 | $0.00 | to | $0.02 | |||||||||||||||||
| (Gains) losses on retirement of long-term obligations | $0 | to | $0 | $0.00 | to | $0.00 | |||||||||||||||||
| Acquisition and integration costs | $0 | to | $6 | $0.00 | to | $0.01 | |||||||||||||||||
Restructuring charges(d) | $0 | to | $15 | $0.00 | to | $0.03 | |||||||||||||||||
| Sustaining capital expenditures | $(85) | to | $(65) | $(0.20) | to | $(0.15) | |||||||||||||||||
AFFO(b)(c) | $2,980 | to | $3,030 | $6.85 | to | $6.97 | |||||||||||||||||
| Weighted-average common shares outstanding—diluted | 435 | 435 | |||||||||||||||||||||
(a)As issued on April 17, 2024 and unchanged from previous full year 2024 Outlook issued on January 24, 2024.
(b)See discussion and our definitions of FFO and AFFO, including per share amounts, in this "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information."
(c)The above reconciliation excludes line items included in our definition which are not applicable for the periods shown.
(d)For information regarding the Company's restructuring plan announced in July 2023, see Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.
The pathway to possible.
CrownCastle.com
| News Release continued: | Page 12 | |||||||
Components of Changes in Site Rental Revenues for the Quarters Ended March 31, 2024 and 2023:
| Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||
(dollars in millions; totals may not sum due to rounding) | 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||
| Components of changes in site rental revenues: | |||||||||||
Prior year site rental billings excluding payments for Sprint Cancellations(a) | $ | 1,357 | $ | 1,318 | |||||||
Prior year payments for Sprint Cancellations(a)(b) | 48 | — | |||||||||
Prior year site rental billings(a) | 1,405 | 1,318 | |||||||||
Core leasing activity(a) | 81 | 57 | |||||||||
| Escalators | 24 | 24 | |||||||||
Non-renewals(a) | (37) | (42) | |||||||||
Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations(a) | 68 | 39 | |||||||||
Payments for Sprint Cancellations(a)(c) | (44) | 48 | |||||||||
Non-renewals associated with Sprint Cancellations(a)(c) | (6) | (2) | |||||||||
Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings(a) | 17 | 85 | |||||||||
| Straight-lined revenues | 59 | 83 | |||||||||
| Amortization of prepaid rent | 106 | 137 | |||||||||
Acquisitions(d) | — | 1 | |||||||||
| Other | — | — | |||||||||
| Total site rental revenues | $ | 1,588 | $ | 1,624 | |||||||
| Year-over-year changes in revenues: | |||||||||||
Site rental revenues as a percentage of prior year site rental revenues | (2.2) | % | 3.0 | % | |||||||
Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations as a percentage of prior year site rental billings excluding payments for Sprint Cancellations(a) | 5.0 | % | 2.9 | % | |||||||
Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as a percentage of prior year site rental billings(a) | 1.2 | % | 6.4 | % | |||||||
(a)See our definitions of site rental billings, core leasing activity, non-renewals, Sprint Cancellations, Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings and Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations in this "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information."
(b)In the first quarter 2023, we received $48 million of payments for Sprint Cancellations that related to fiber solutions. These payments are non-recurring and therefore reduce full year 2024 Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings by the same amount.
(c)The $48 million of payments received in the first quarter 2023 and not recurring in 2024 were partially offset by approximately $3 million of fiber solutions-related payments for Sprint Cancellations received in the first quarter 2024. There were $2 million of non-renewals associated with Sprint Cancellations that related to fiber solutions in the first quarter 2023. There were $5 million and $1 million of non-renewals associated with Sprint Cancellations that related to small cells and fiber solutions, respectively, in the first quarter 2024.
(d)Represents the contribution from recent acquisitions. The financial impact of recent acquisitions is excluded from Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings, including as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations, until the one-year anniversary of such acquisitions.
The pathway to possible.
CrownCastle.com
| News Release continued: | Page 13 | |||||||
Components of Changes in Site Rental Revenues for Full Year 2024 Outlook:
(dollars in millions; totals may not sum due to rounding) | Full Year 2024 Outlook(a) | ||||||||||
| Components of changes in site rental revenues: | |||||||||||
Prior year site rental billings excluding payments for Sprint Cancellations(b) | $5,505 | ||||||||||
Prior year payments for Sprint Cancellations(b)(c) | $170 | ||||||||||
Prior year site rental billings(b) | $5,675 | ||||||||||
Core leasing activity(b) | $305 | to | $335 | ||||||||
| Escalators | $95 | to | $105 | ||||||||
Non-renewals(b) | $(165) | to | $(145) | ||||||||
Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations(b) | $245 | to | $285 | ||||||||
Payments for Sprint Cancellations(b)(c) | $(170) | to | $(160) | ||||||||
Non-renewals associated with Sprint Cancellations(b)(c) | $(10) | to | $(10) | ||||||||
Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings(b) | $70 | to | $110 | ||||||||
| Straight-lined revenues | $175 | to | $200 | ||||||||
| Amortization of prepaid rent | $410 | to | $435 | ||||||||
Acquisitions(d) | — | ||||||||||
| Other | — | ||||||||||
| Total site rental revenues | $6,347 | to | $6,392 | ||||||||
Year-over-year changes in revenues:(e) | |||||||||||
Site rental revenues as a percentage of prior year site rental revenues | (2.5)% | ||||||||||
Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations as a percentage of prior year site rental billings excluding payments for Sprint Cancellations(b) | 4.8% | ||||||||||
Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as a percentage of prior year site rental billings(b) | 1.6% | ||||||||||
(a)As issued on April 17, 2024 and unchanged from previous full year 2024 Outlook issued on January 24, 2024.
(b)See our definitions of site rental billings, core leasing activity, non-renewals, Sprint Cancellations, Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings, and Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations in this "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information."
(c)In 2023, we received $104 million and $66 million of payments for Sprint Cancellations that related to small cells and fiber solutions, respectively, and $14 million and $7 million of non-renewals associated with Sprint Cancellations that related to small cells and fiber solutions, respectively. These payments are non-recurring and therefore reduce full year 2024 Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings by the same amount.
(d)Represents the contribution from recent acquisitions. The financial impact of recent acquisitions is excluded from Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings, including as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations, until the one-year anniversary of such acquisitions.
(e)Calculated based on midpoint of full year Outlook, where applicable.
The pathway to possible.
CrownCastle.com
| News Release continued: | Page 14 | |||||||
Components of Capital Expenditures:(a)
For the Three Months Ended | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| March 31, 2024 | March 31, 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in millions) | Towers | Fiber | Other | Total | Towers | Fiber | Other | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Discretionary capital expenditures: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Communications infrastructure improvements and other capital projects | $ | 20 | $ | 259 | $ | 6 | $ | 285 | $ | 33 | $ | 272 | $ | 6 | $ | 311 | |||||||||||||
| Purchases of land interests | 13 | — | — | 13 | 15 | — | — | 15 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Sustaining capital expenditures | 2 | 14 | 6 | 22 | 2 | 7 | 6 | 15 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total capital expenditures | $ | 35 | $ | 273 | $ | 12 | $ | 320 | $ | 50 | $ | 279 | $ | 12 | $ | 341 | |||||||||||||
Outlook for Discretionary Capital Expenditures Less Prepaid Rent Additions:(d)
| (in millions) | Full Year 2024 Outlook(b) | ||||||||||
Discretionary capital expenditures | $1,530 | to | $1,630 | ||||||||
Less: Prepaid rent additions(c) | ~$430 | ||||||||||
Discretionary capital expenditures less prepaid rent additions | $1,100 | to | $1,200 | ||||||||
Components of Interest Expense:
For the Three Months Ended | |||||||||||
| (in millions) | March 31, 2024 | March 31, 2023 | |||||||||
| Interest expense on debt obligations | $ | 223 | $ | 198 | |||||||
| Amortization of deferred financing costs and adjustments on long-term debt | 8 | 7 | |||||||||
| Capitalized interest | (5) | (3) | |||||||||
| Interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs, net | $ | 226 | $ | 202 | |||||||
Outlook for Components of Interest Expense:
| (in millions) | Full Year 2024 Outlook(b) | ||||||||||
| Interest expense on debt obligations | $922 | to | $962 | ||||||||
| Amortization of deferred financing costs and adjustments on long-term debt | $20 | to | $30 | ||||||||
| Capitalized interest | $(17) | to | $(7) | ||||||||
| Interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs, net | $933 | to | $978 | ||||||||
(a)See our definitions of discretionary capital expenditures and sustaining capital expenditures in this "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information."
(b)As issued on April 17, 2024 and unchanged from previous full year 2024 Outlook issued on January 24, 2024.
(c)Reflects up-front consideration from long-term tenant contracts (commonly referred to as prepaid rent) that are amortized and recognized as revenue over the associated estimated lease term in accordance with GAAP.
(d)Outlook reflects discretionary capital expenditures, exclusive of sustaining capital expenditures. See "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" for our definitions of discretionary capital expenditures and sustaining capital expenditures.
The pathway to possible.
CrownCastle.com
| News Release continued: | Page 15 | |||||||
Debt Balances and Maturity Dates as of March 31, 2024:
| (in millions) | Face Value(a) | Final Maturity | |||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents | $ | 298 | |||||||||
Senior Secured Notes, Series 2009-1, Class A-2(b) | 38 | Aug. 2029 | |||||||||
Senior Secured Tower Revenue Notes, Series 2015-2(c) | 700 | May 2045 | |||||||||
Senior Secured Tower Revenue Notes, Series 2018-2(c) | 750 | July 2048 | |||||||||
Finance leases and other obligations | 287 | Various | |||||||||
| Total secured debt | $ | 1,775 | |||||||||
2016 Revolver(d) | — | July 2027 | |||||||||
2016 Term Loan A(e) | 1,162 | July 2027 | |||||||||
Commercial Paper Notes(f) | 1,138 | N/A | |||||||||
3.200% Senior Notes | 750 | Sept. 2024 | |||||||||
1.350% Senior Notes | 500 | July 2025 | |||||||||
4.450% Senior Notes | 900 | Feb. 2026 | |||||||||
3.700% Senior Notes | 750 | June 2026 | |||||||||
| 1.050% Senior Notes | 1,000 | July 2026 | |||||||||
| 2.900% Senior Notes | 750 | Mar. 2027 | |||||||||
4.000% Senior Notes | 500 | Mar. 2027 | |||||||||
3.650% Senior Notes | 1,000 | Sept. 2027 | |||||||||
| 5.000% Senior Notes | 1,000 | Jan. 2028 | |||||||||
3.800% Senior Notes | 1,000 | Feb. 2028 | |||||||||
| 4.800% Senior Notes | 600 | Sept. 2028 | |||||||||
4.300% Senior Notes | 600 | Feb. 2029 | |||||||||
5.600% Senior Notes | 750 | June 2029 | |||||||||
| 3.100% Senior Notes | 550 | Nov. 2029 | |||||||||
3.300% Senior Notes | 750 | July 2030 | |||||||||
2.250% Senior Notes | 1,100 | Jan. 2031 | |||||||||
| 2.100% Senior Notes | 1,000 | Apr. 2031 | |||||||||
| 2.500% Senior Notes | 750 | July 2031 | |||||||||
| 5.100% Senior Notes | 750 | May 2033 | |||||||||
5.800% Senior Notes | 750 | Mar. 2034 | |||||||||
| 2.900% Senior Notes | 1,250 | Apr. 2041 | |||||||||
4.750% Senior Notes | 350 | May 2047 | |||||||||
5.200% Senior Notes | 400 | Feb. 2049 | |||||||||
| 4.000% Senior Notes | 350 | Nov. 2049 | |||||||||
| 4.150% Senior Notes | 500 | July 2050 | |||||||||
| 3.250% Senior Notes | 900 | Jan. 2051 | |||||||||
| Total unsecured debt | $ | 21,800 | |||||||||
Net Debt(g) | $ | 23,277 | |||||||||
(a)Net of required principal amortizations.
(b)The Senior Secured Notes, 2009-1, Class A-2 principal amortizes over a period ending in August 2029.
(c)If the respective series of Tower Revenue Notes are not paid in full on or prior to an applicable anticipated repayment date, then the Excess Cash Flow (as defined in the indenture) of the issuers of such notes will be used to repay principal of the applicable series, and additional interest (of an additional approximately 5% per annum) will accrue on the respective series. The Senior Secured Tower Revenue Notes, 2015-2 and 2018-2 have anticipated repayment dates in 2025 and 2028, respectively. Notes are prepayable at par if voluntarily repaid within eighteen months of maturity; earlier prepayment may require additional consideration.
(d)As of March 31, 2024, the undrawn availability under the $7.0 billion 2016 Revolver was $7.0 billion. The Company pays a commitment fee on the undrawn available amount, which as of March 31, 2024 ranged from 0.080% to 0.300%, based on the Company's senior unsecured debt rating, per annum.
(e)The 2016 Term Loan A principal amortizes over a period ending in July 2027.
(f)As of March 31, 2024, the Company had $0.9 billion available for issuance under its $2.0 billion unsecured commercial paper program. The maturities of the Commercial Paper Notes, when outstanding, may vary but may not exceed 397 days from the date of issue.
(g)See further information on, and our definition and calculation of, Net Debt in this "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information."
The pathway to possible.
CrownCastle.com
| News Release continued: | Page 16 | |||||||
Cautionary Language Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This news release contains forward-looking statements and information that are based on our management's current expectations as of the date of this news release. Statements that are not historical facts are hereby identified as forward-looking statements. In addition, words such as "estimate," "see," "anticipate," "project," "plan," "intend," "believe," "expect," "likely," "predicted," "positioned," "continue," "target," "focus," and any variations of these words and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Such statements include our full year 2024 Outlook and plans, projections, expectations and estimates regarding (1) the value of our business model and strategy and the demand for our communications infrastructure, (2) revenue growth and its driving factors, (3) net income (loss) (including on a per share basis), (4) AFFO (including on a per share basis) and its components and growth, (5) Adjusted EBITDA and its components and growth, (6) Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings (including as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations) and its components and growth, (7) site rental revenues and its components and growth, (8) interest expense, (9) the impact of Sprint Cancellations on our operating and financial results, (10) services contribution, (11) the growth in our business and its driving factors, (12) discretionary capital expenditures, (13) prepaid rent additions and amortization, (14) core leasing activity, (15) site rental billings, (16) fiber strategic review and the potential impacts and benefits therefrom, and (17) the contribution from the recently appointed President and CEO. All future dividends are subject to declaration by our board of directors.
Such forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including prevailing market conditions and the following:
•Our business depends on the demand for our communications infrastructure (including towers, small cells and fiber), driven primarily by demand for data, and we may be adversely affected by any slowdown in such demand. Additionally, a reduction in the amount or change in the mix of network investment by our tenants may materially and adversely affect our business (including reducing demand for our communications infrastructure or services).
•A substantial portion of our revenues is derived from a small number of tenants, and the loss, consolidation or financial instability of any of such tenants may materially decrease revenues, reduce demand for our communications infrastructure and services and impact our dividend per share growth.
•The expansion or development of our business, including through acquisitions, increased product offerings or other strategic opportunities, may cause disruptions in our business, which may have an adverse effect on our business, operations or financial results.
•Our Fiber segment has expanded, and the Fiber business model contains certain differences from our Towers business model, resulting in different operational risks. If we do not successfully operate our Fiber business model or identify or manage the related operational risks, such operations may produce results that are lower than anticipated.
•Our review of potential strategic alternatives may not result in an executed or consummated transaction or other strategic alternative, and the process of reviewing strategic alternatives or the outcome could adversely affect our business. There is no guarantee that any transaction resulting from the strategic review will ultimately benefit our shareholders.
•Failure to timely, efficiently and safely execute on our construction projects could adversely affect our business.
•New technologies may reduce demand for our communications infrastructure or negatively impact our revenues.
•If we fail to retain rights to our communications infrastructure, including the rights to land under our towers and the right-of-way and other agreements related to our small cells and fiber, our business may be adversely affected.
•Our services business has historically experienced significant volatility in demand, which reduces the predictability of our results.
•If radio frequency emissions from wireless handsets or equipment on our communications infrastructure are demonstrated to cause negative health effects, potential future claims could adversely affect our operations, costs or revenues.
•Cybersecurity breaches or other information technology disruptions could adversely affect our operations, business, and reputation.
•Our business may be adversely impacted by climate-related events, natural disasters, including wildfires, and other unforeseen events.
•As a result of competition in our industry, we may find it more difficult to negotiate favorable rates on our new or renewing tenant contracts.
•New wireless technologies may not deploy or be adopted by tenants as rapidly or in the manner projected.
•Our focus on and disclosure of our Environmental, Social and Governance position, metrics, strategy, goals and initiatives expose us to potential litigation and other adverse effects to our business.
•Failure to attract, recruit and retain qualified and experienced employees could adversely affect our business, operations and costs.
•Changes to management, including turnover of our top executives, could have an adverse effect on our business.
•Actions that we are taking to restructure our business in alignment with our strategic priorities may not be as effective as anticipated.
The pathway to possible.
CrownCastle.com
| News Release continued: | Page 17 | |||||||
•Actions of activist stockholders could impact the pursuit of our business strategies and adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition, or stock price.
•Our substantial level of indebtedness could adversely affect our ability to react to changes in our business, and the terms of our debt instruments limit our ability to take a number of actions that our management might otherwise believe to be in our best interests. In addition, if we fail to comply with our covenants, our debt could be accelerated.
•We have a substantial amount of indebtedness. In the event we do not repay or refinance such indebtedness, we could face substantial liquidity issues and might be required to issue equity securities or securities convertible into equity securities, or sell some of our assets, possibly on unfavorable terms, to meet our debt payment obligations.
•Sales or issuances of a substantial number of shares of our common stock or securities convertible into shares of our common stock may adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
•Certain provisions of our restated certificate of incorporation amended and restated by-laws and operative agreements, and domestic and international competition laws may make it more difficult for a third party to acquire control of us or for us to acquire control of a third party, even if such a change in control would be beneficial to our stockholders.
•If we fail to comply with laws or regulations which regulate our business and which may change at any time, we may be fined or even lose our right to conduct some of our business.
•Future dividend payments to our stockholders will reduce the availability of our cash on hand available to fund future discretionary investments, and may result in a need to incur indebtedness or issue equity securities to fund growth opportunities. In such event, the then current economic, credit market or equity market conditions will impact the availability or cost of such financing, which may hinder our ability to grow our per share results of operations.
•Remaining qualified to be taxed as a Real Estate Investment Trust ("REIT") involves highly technical and complex provisions of the Code. Failure to remain qualified as a REIT would result in our inability to deduct dividends to stockholders when computing our taxable income, thereby increasing our tax obligations and reducing our available cash.
•Complying with REIT requirements, including the 90% distribution requirement, may limit our flexibility or cause us to forgo otherwise attractive opportunities, including certain discretionary investments and potential financing alternatives.
•REIT related ownership limitations and transfer restrictions may prevent or restrict certain transfers of our capital stock.
Should one or more of these or other risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those expected. More information about potential risk factors which could affect our results is included in our filings with the SEC. Our filings with the SEC are available through the SEC website at www.sec.gov or through our investor relations website at investor.crowncastle.com. We use our investor relations website to disclose information about us that may be deemed to be material. We encourage investors, the media and others interested in us to visit our investor relations website from time to time to review up-to-date information or to sign up for e-mail alerts to be notified when new or updated information is posted on the site.
As used in this release, the term "including," and any variation thereof, means "including without limitation."
The pathway to possible.
CrownCastle.com
| News Release continued: | Page 18 | |||||||
| CROWN CASTLE INC. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET (UNAUDITED) (Amounts in millions, except par values) | ||||
| March 31, 2024 | December 31, 2023 | ||||||||||
| ASSETS | |||||||||||
| Current assets: | |||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 125 | $ | 105 | |||||||
Restricted cash and cash equivalents | 168 | 171 | |||||||||
| Receivables, net | 380 | 481 | |||||||||
| Prepaid expenses | 130 | 103 | |||||||||
| Deferred site rental receivables | 123 | 116 | |||||||||
| Other current assets | 51 | 56 | |||||||||
| Total current assets | 977 | 1,032 | |||||||||
| Deferred site rental receivables | 2,292 | 2,239 | |||||||||
| Property and equipment, net | 15,677 | 15,666 | |||||||||
| Operating lease right-of-use assets | 5,990 | 6,187 | |||||||||
| Goodwill | 10,085 | 10,085 | |||||||||
| Other intangible assets, net | 3,073 | 3,179 | |||||||||
| Other assets, net | 137 | 139 | |||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 38,231 | $ | 38,527 | |||||||
| LIABILITIES AND EQUITY | |||||||||||
| Current liabilities: | |||||||||||
| Accounts payable | $ | 216 | $ | 252 | |||||||
| Accrued interest | 160 | 219 | |||||||||
| Deferred revenues | 514 | 605 | |||||||||
| Other accrued liabilities | 279 | 342 | |||||||||
| Current maturities of debt and other obligations | 854 | 835 | |||||||||
| Current portion of operating lease liabilities | 313 | 332 | |||||||||
| Total current liabilities | 2,336 | 2,585 | |||||||||
| Debt and other long-term obligations | 22,560 | 22,086 | |||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities | 5,397 | 5,561 | |||||||||
| Other long-term liabilities | 1,890 | 1,914 | |||||||||
| Total liabilities | 32,183 | 32,146 | |||||||||
| Commitments and contingencies | |||||||||||
| Stockholders' equity: | |||||||||||
Common stock, 0.01 par value; 1,200 shares authorized; shares issued and outstanding: March 31, 2024—435 and December 31, 2023—434 | 4 | 4 | |||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | 18,310 | 18,270 | |||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | (5) | (4) | |||||||||
| Dividends/distributions in excess of earnings | (12,261) | (11,889) | |||||||||
| Total equity | 6,048 | 6,381 | |||||||||
| Total liabilities and equity | $ | 38,231 | $ | 38,527 | |||||||
The pathway to possible.
CrownCastle.com
| News Release continued: | Page 19 | |||||||
| CROWN CASTLE INC. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS (UNAUDITED) (Amounts in millions, except per share amounts) | ||||
| Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||
| Net revenues: | |||||||||||
| Site rental | $ | 1,588 | $ | 1,624 | |||||||
| Services and other | 53 | 149 | |||||||||
| Net revenues | 1,641 | 1,773 | |||||||||
| Operating expenses: | |||||||||||
Costs of operations:(a) | |||||||||||
| Site rental | 430 | 415 | |||||||||
| Services and other | 34 | 104 | |||||||||
| Selling, general and administrative | 183 | 195 | |||||||||
| Asset write-down charges | 6 | — | |||||||||
| Depreciation, amortization and accretion | 439 | 431 | |||||||||
Restructuring charges | 11 | — | |||||||||
| Total operating expenses | 1,103 | 1,145 | |||||||||
| Operating income (loss) | 538 | 628 | |||||||||
| Interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs, net | (226) | (202) | |||||||||
| Interest income | 4 | 2 | |||||||||
| Other income (expense) | 2 | (3) | |||||||||
| Income (loss) before income taxes | 318 | 425 | |||||||||
| Benefit (provision) for income taxes | (7) | (7) | |||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 311 | $ | 418 | |||||||
| Net income (loss), per common share: | |||||||||||
| Basic | $ | 0.72 | $ | 0.97 | |||||||
| Diluted | $ | 0.71 | $ | 0.97 | |||||||
| Weighted-average common shares outstanding: | |||||||||||
| Basic | 434 | 433 | |||||||||
| Diluted | 435 | 434 | |||||||||
(a)Exclusive of depreciation, amortization and accretion shown separately.
The pathway to possible.
CrownCastle.com
| News Release continued: | Page 20 | |||||||
| CROWN CASTLE INC. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED) (In millions of dollars) | ||||
| Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||
| Cash flows from operating activities: | |||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 311 | $ | 418 | |||||||
| Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used for) operating activities: | |||||||||||
| Depreciation, amortization and accretion | 439 | 431 | |||||||||
| (Gains) losses on retirement of long-term obligations | — | — | |||||||||
| Amortization of deferred financing costs and other non-cash interest | 8 | 7 | |||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense, net | 38 | 41 | |||||||||
| Asset write-down charges | 6 | — | |||||||||
| Deferred income tax (benefit) provision | 4 | 1 | |||||||||
| Other non-cash adjustments, net | 4 | 2 | |||||||||
| Changes in assets and liabilities, excluding the effects of acquisitions: | |||||||||||
| Increase (decrease) in liabilities | (238) | (183) | |||||||||
| Decrease (increase) in assets | 27 | (111) | |||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used for) operating activities | 599 | 606 | |||||||||
| Cash flows from investing activities: | |||||||||||
| Capital expenditures | (320) | (341) | |||||||||
| Payments for acquisitions, net of cash acquired | (1) | (67) | |||||||||
| Other investing activities, net | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used for) investing activities | (320) | (407) | |||||||||
| Cash flows from financing activities: | |||||||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt | — | 999 | |||||||||
| Principal payments on debt and other long-term obligations | (14) | (19) | |||||||||
| Purchases and redemptions of long-term debt | — | — | |||||||||
| Borrowings under revolving credit facility | — | 1,434 | |||||||||
| Payments under revolving credit facility | (670) | (1,305) | |||||||||
| Net borrowings (repayments) under commercial paper program | 1,138 | (524) | |||||||||
| Payments for financing costs | — | (10) | |||||||||
| Purchases of common stock | (27) | (28) | |||||||||
| Dividends/distributions paid on common stock | (688) | (686) | |||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities | (261) | (139) | |||||||||
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash | 18 | 60 | |||||||||
| Effect of exchange rate changes on cash | (1) | 1 | |||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | 281 | 327 | |||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | 298 | $ | 388 | |||||||
| Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: | |||||||||||
| Interest paid | 282 | 249 | |||||||||
| Income taxes paid (refunded) | — | (2) | |||||||||
The pathway to possible.
CrownCastle.com
| News Release continued: | Page 21 | |||||||
| CROWN CASTLE INC. SEGMENT OPERATING RESULTS (UNAUDITED) (In millions of dollars) | ||||
| SEGMENT OPERATING RESULTS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 | Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Towers | Fiber | Other | Total | Towers | Fiber | Other | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment site rental revenues | $ | 1,068 | $ | 520 | $ | 1,588 | $ | 1,081 | $ | 543 | $ | 1,624 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment services and other revenues | 46 | 7 | 53 | 146 | 3 | 149 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment revenues | 1,114 | 527 | 1,641 | 1,227 | 546 | 1,773 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment site rental costs of operations | 239 | 182 | 421 | 234 | 172 | 406 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment services and other costs of operations | 28 | 4 | 32 | 99 | 2 | 101 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Segment costs of operations(a)(b) | 267 | 186 | 453 | 333 | 174 | 507 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Segment site rental gross margin(c) | 829 | 338 | 1,167 | 847 | 371 | 1,218 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Segment services and other gross margin(c) | 18 | 3 | 21 | 47 | 1 | 48 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Segment selling, general and administrative expenses(b) | 21 | 47 | 68 | 31 | 49 | 80 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Segment operating profit(c) | 826 | 294 | 1,120 | 863 | 323 | 1,186 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other selling, general and administrative expenses(b) | $ | 84 | 84 | $ | 82 | 82 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense, net | 38 | 38 | 41 | 41 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Depreciation, amortization and accretion | 439 | 439 | 431 | 431 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Restructuring charges(d) | 11 | 11 | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs, net | 226 | 226 | 202 | 202 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other (income) expenses to reconcile to income (loss) before income taxes(e) | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income (loss) before income taxes | $ | 318 | $ | 425 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(a)Exclusive of depreciation, amortization and accretion shown separately.
(b)Segment costs of operations exclude (1) stock-based compensation expense, net of $7 million and $8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively and (2) prepaid lease purchase price adjustments of $4 million for each of the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. Segment selling, general and administrative expenses and other selling, general and administrative expenses exclude stock-based compensation expense, net of $31 million and $33 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
(c)See "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" for a discussion and our definitions of segment site rental gross margin, segment services and other gross margin and segment operating profit.
(d)For information regarding the Company's restructuring plan announced in July 2023, see Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.
(e)See condensed consolidated statement of operations for further information.
The pathway to possible.
CrownCastle.com
Exhibit 99.2
Supplemental Information Package
and Non-GAAP Reconciliations
First Quarter • March 31, 2024
The pathway to possible.
CrownCastle.com
Crown Castle Inc.
First Quarter 2024
| TABLE OF CONTENTS | |||||
| Page | |||||
| Company Overview | |||||
| Company Profile | |||||
| Strategy | |||||
| General Company Information | |||||
| Asset Portfolio Footprint | |||||
| Historical Common Stock Data | |||||
| Annualized Fourth Quarter Dividends Per Share | |||||
| Executive Management Team | |||||
| Board of Directors | |||||
| Research Coverage | |||||
| Outlook | |||||
| Outlook | |||||
| Outlook for Components of Changes in Site Rental Revenues | |||||
| Outlook for Components of Changes in Site Rental Revenues by Line of Business | |||||
| Outlook for Capital Expenditures | |||||
| Outlook for Components of Interest Expense | |||||
| Consolidated Financials | |||||
| Consolidated Summary Financial Highlights | |||||
| Consolidated Components of Changes in Site Rental Revenues | |||||
| Consolidated Summary of Capital Expenditures | |||||
| Consolidated Return on Invested Capital | |||||
| Consolidated Tenant Overview | |||||
| Consolidated Annualized Rental Cash Payments at Time of Renewal | |||||
| Consolidated Projected Revenues from Tenant Contracts | |||||
| Consolidated Projected Expenses from Existing Ground Leases and Fiber Access Agreements | |||||
| Capitalization Overview | |||||
| Capitalization Overview | |||||
| Debt Maturity Overview | |||||
| Liquidity Overview | |||||
| Summary of Maintenance and Financial Covenants | |||||
| Interest Rate Exposure | |||||
| Components of Interest Expense | |||||
| Towers Segment | |||||
| Towers Segment Summary Financial Highlights | |||||
| Towers Segment Components of Changes in Site Rental Revenues | |||||
| Towers Segment Summary of Capital Expenditures | |||||
| Towers Segment Portfolio Highlights | |||||
| Towers Segment Cash Yield on Invested Capital | |||||
| Summary of Tower Portfolio by Vintage | |||||
| Ground Interest Overview | |||||
| Fiber Segment | |||||
| Fiber Segment Summary Financial Highlights | |||||
| Fiber Segment Components of Changes in Site Rental Revenues | |||||
| Fiber Segment Summary of Capital Expenditures | |||||
| Fiber Segment Revenue Detail by Line of Business | |||||
| Fiber Segment Portfolio Highlights | |||||
| Fiber Segment Cash Yield on Invested Capital | |||||
| Fiber Solutions Revenue Mix | |||||
| Appendix of Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and Non-GAAP Reconciliations | |||||
1
Crown Castle Inc.
First Quarter 2024
Cautionary Language Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This supplemental information package ("Supplement") contains forward-looking statements and information that are based on our management's current expectations as of the date of this Supplement. Statements that are not historical facts are hereby identified as forward-looking statements. Words such as "Outlook," "guide," "forecast," "estimate," "anticipate," "project," "plan," "intend," "believe," "expect," "likely," "predicted," "positioned," and any variations of these words and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward looking statements. Such statements include plans, projections and estimates regarding (1) demand for data and our communications infrastructure, (2) cash flow growth and its driving factors, (3) our Outlook for full year 2024, (4) the value of our business model, strategy and product offerings, (5) strategic position of our assets, (6) revenues from tenant contracts, (7) expenses from existing ground leases and fiber access agreements, (8) the growth of the U.S. market for communications infrastructure ownership, (9) levels of commitments under our debt instruments and (10) the impact of Sprint Cancellations to our operating and financial results.
Such forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including, but not limited to, prevailing market conditions. Should one or more of these or other risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those expected. Crown Castle assumes no obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. More information about potential risk factors which could affect our results is included in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). Our filings with the SEC are available through the SEC website at www.sec.gov or through our investor relations website at investor.crowncastle.com. We use our investor relations website to disclose information about us that may be deemed to be material. We encourage investors, the media and others interested in us to visit our investor relations website from time to time to review up-to-date information or to sign up for e-mail alerts to be notified when new or updated information is posted on the site.
This Supplement contains certain figures, projections and calculations based in part on management's underlying assumptions. Management believes these assumptions are reasonable; however, other reasonable assumptions could provide differing outputs.
The components of forward looking financial information presented herein may not sum due to rounding. In addition, the sum of quarterly historical information presented herein may not agree to year to date historical information provided herein due to rounding. Throughout this document, percentage calculations, which are based on non-rounded dollar values, may not be able to be recalculated using the dollar values included in this document due to the rounding of those dollar values.
Definitions and reconciliations of non-GAAP financial measures, information regarding segment measures and other information are provided in the Appendix to this Supplement.
As used herein, the term "including" and any variation thereof, means "including without limitation." The use of the word "or" herein is not exclusive.
2
Crown Castle Inc.
First Quarter 2024
| COMPANY OVERVIEW | OUTLOOK | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIALS | CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW | TOWERS SEGMENT | FIBER SEGMENT | APPENDIX | ||||||||||||||
COMPANY PROFILE | ||||||||||||||
Crown Castle Inc. (to which the terms "Crown Castle," "CCI," "we," "our," "the Company" or "us" as used herein refer) owns, operates and leases shared communications infrastructure that is geographically dispersed throughout the U.S., including (1) more than 40,000 towers and other structures, such as rooftops (collectively, "towers"), (2) approximately 115,000 small cells on air or under contract and (3) approximately 90,000 route miles of fiber primarily supporting small cells and fiber solutions. We refer to our towers, small cells and fiber assets collectively as "communications infrastructure," and to our customers on our communications infrastructure as "tenants." Our towers have a significant presence in each of the top 100 basic trading areas, and the majority of our small cells and fiber assets are located in major metropolitan areas, including a presence within every major U.S. market.
Our operating segments consist of (1) Towers and (2) Fiber, which includes both small cells and fiber solutions. Our core business is providing access, including space or capacity, to our shared communications infrastructure via long-term contracts in various forms, including lease, license, sublease and service agreements (collectively, "tenant contracts"). We seek to increase our site rental revenues by adding more tenants on our shared communications infrastructure, which we expect to result in significant incremental cash flows due to our low incremental operating costs.
We operate as a Real Estate Investment Trust ("REIT") for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
STRATEGY | ||||||||||||||
As a leading provider of shared communications infrastructure in the U.S., our strategy is to create long-term stockholder value via a combination of (1) growing cash flows generated from our existing portfolio of communications infrastructure, (2) returning a meaningful portion of our cash generated by operating activities to our common stockholders in the form of dividends and (3) investing capital efficiently to grow cash flows and long-term dividends per share. Our strategy is based, in part, on our belief that the U.S. is the most attractive market for shared communications infrastructure investment with the greatest long-term growth potential. We measure our efforts to create "long-term stockholder value" by the combined payment of dividends to stockholders and growth in our per-share results. The key elements of our strategy are to:
•Grow cash flows from our existing communications infrastructure. We are focused on maximizing the recurring site rental cash flows generated from providing our tenants with long-term access to our shared infrastructure assets, which we believe is the core driver of value for our stockholders. Tenant additions or modifications of existing tenant equipment (collectively, "tenant additions") enable our tenants to expand coverage and capacity in order to meet increasing demand for data while generating high incremental returns for our business. We believe our product offerings of towers and small cells provide a comprehensive solution to our wireless tenants' growing network needs through our shared communications infrastructure model, which is an efficient and cost-effective way to serve our tenants. Additionally, we believe our ability to share our fiber assets across multiple tenants to deploy both small cells and offer fiber solutions allows us to generate cash flows and increase stockholder return.
•Return cash generated by operating activities to common stockholders in the form of dividends. We believe that distributing a meaningful portion of our cash generated by operating activities appropriately provides common stockholders with increased certainty for a portion of expected long-term stockholder value while still allowing us to retain sufficient flexibility to invest in our business and deliver growth. We believe this decision reflects the translation of the high-quality, long-term contractual cash flows of our business into stable capital returns to common stockholders.
•Invest capital efficiently to grow cash flows and long-term dividends per share. In addition to adding tenants to existing communications infrastructure, we seek to invest our available capital, including the net cash generated by our operating activities and external financing sources, in a manner that will increase long-term stockholder value on a risk-adjusted basis. These investments include constructing and acquiring new communications infrastructure that we expect will generate future cash flow growth and attractive long-term returns by adding tenants to those assets over time. Our historical investments have included the following (in no particular order):
◦construction of towers, fiber and small cells;
◦acquisitions of towers, fiber and small cells;
◦acquisitions of land interests (which primarily relate to land assets under towers);
◦improvements and structural enhancements to our existing communications infrastructure;
◦purchases of shares of our common stock from time to time; and
◦purchases, repayments or redemptions of our debt.
Our strategy to create long-term stockholder value is based on our belief that there will be considerable future demand for our communications infrastructure based on the location of our assets and the rapid and continuing growth in the demand for data. We believe that such demand for our communications infrastructure will continue, will result in growth of our cash flows due to tenant additions on our existing communications infrastructure, and will create other growth opportunities for us, such as demand for newly constructed or acquired communications infrastructure, as described above. Further, we seek to augment the long-term value creation associated with growing our recurring site rental cash flows by offering certain ancillary site development services within our Towers segment.
3
Crown Castle Inc.
First Quarter 2024
| COMPANY OVERVIEW | OUTLOOK | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIALS | CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW | TOWERS SEGMENT | FIBER SEGMENT | APPENDIX | ||||||||||||||
| GENERAL COMPANY INFORMATION | |||||
| Principal executive offices | 8020 Katy Freeway, Houston, TX 77024 | ||||
| Common shares trading symbol | CCI | ||||
| Stock exchange listing | New York Stock Exchange | ||||
| Fiscal year ending date | December 31 | ||||
| Fitch - Long-term Issuer Default Rating | BBB+ | ||||
| Moody’s - Long-term Corporate Family Rating | Baa3 | ||||
| Standard & Poor’s - Long-term Local Issuer Credit Rating | BBB | ||||
Note: These credit ratings may not reflect the potential risks relating to the structure or trading of the Company’s securities and are provided solely for informational purposes. Credit ratings are not recommendations to buy, sell or hold any security, and may be revised or withdrawn at any time by the issuing organization in its sole discretion. The Company does not undertake any obligation to maintain the ratings or to advise of any change in the ratings. Each agency’s rating should be evaluated independently of any other agency’s rating. An explanation of the significances of the ratings can be obtained from each of the ratings agencies.
| ASSET PORTFOLIO FOOTPRINT | ||
 | ||
| HISTORICAL COMMON STOCK DATA | |||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended | |||||||||||||||||
| (in millions, except per share amounts) | 3/31/23 | 6/30/23 | 9/30/23 | 12/31/23 | 3/31/24 | ||||||||||||
High price(b) | $ | 143.71 | $ | 128.80 | $ | 113.30 | $ | 116.26 | $ | 115.37 | |||||||
Low price(b) | $ | 115.50 | $ | 102.90 | $ | 86.31 | $ | 82.34 | $ | 101.90 | |||||||
Period end closing price(c) | $ | 126.34 | $ | 109.03 | $ | 89.51 | $ | 113.55 | $ | 105.83 | |||||||
| Dividends paid per common share | $ | 1.57 | $ | 1.57 | $ | 1.57 | $ | 1.57 | $ | 1.57 | |||||||
Volume weighted average price for the period(b) | $ | 129.04 | $ | 111.12 | $ | 98.90 | $ | 100.51 | $ | 107.35 | |||||||
| Common shares outstanding, at period end | 434 | 434 | 434 | 434 | 435 | ||||||||||||
Market value of outstanding common shares, at period end(d) | $ | 54,792 | $ | 47,286 | $ | 38,818 | $ | 49,249 | $ | 45,985 | |||||||
(a)On air or under contract.
(b)Based on the sales price, adjusted for common stock dividends, as reported by Bloomberg.
(c)Based on the period end closing price, adjusted for common stock dividends, as reported by Bloomberg.
(d)Calculated as the product of (1) common shares outstanding, at period end and (2) period end closing price, adjusted for common stock dividends, as reported by Bloomberg.
4
Crown Castle Inc.
First Quarter 2024
| COMPANY OVERVIEW | OUTLOOK | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIALS | CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW | TOWERS SEGMENT | FIBER SEGMENT | APPENDIX | ||||||||||||||
ANNUALIZED FOURTH QUARTER DIVIDENDS PER SHARE(a) | ||
| EXECUTIVE MANAGEMENT TEAM | |||||||||||
| Age | Years with Company | Position | |||||||||
Steven J. Moskowitz | 61 | <1 | President and Chief Executive Officer | ||||||||
| Daniel K. Schlanger | 50 | 8 | Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer | ||||||||
| Michael J. Kavanagh | 55 | 13 | Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer - Towers | ||||||||
| Christopher D. Levendos | 56 | 5 | Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer - Fiber | ||||||||
| Philip M. Kelley | 51 | 26 | Executive Vice President - Corporate Development and Strategy | ||||||||
| Edward B. Adams, Jr. | 55 | 7 | Executive Vice President and General Counsel | ||||||||
Edmond Chan | 53 | <1 | Executive Vice President and Chief Information Officer | ||||||||
| BOARD OF DIRECTORS | ||||||||||||||
| Name | Position | Committees | Age | Years as Director | ||||||||||
| P. Robert Bartolo | Chair | Audit, Compensation, Strategy, Fiber Review, CEO Search | 52 | 10 | ||||||||||
| Cindy Christy | Director | Compensation, NESG(b), Strategy | 58 | 16 | ||||||||||
| Ari Q. Fitzgerald | Director | Compensation, NESG(b), Strategy | 61 | 21 | ||||||||||
| Jason Genrich | Director | Fiber Review, CEO Search | 37 | <1 | ||||||||||
| Andrea J. Goldsmith | Director | NESG(b), Strategy | 59 | 6 | ||||||||||
| Tammy K. Jones | Director | Audit, NESG(b), Strategy, CEO Search | 58 | 3 | ||||||||||
| Kevin T. Kabat | Director | Compensation, NESG(b), CEO Search | 67 | <1 | ||||||||||
| Anthony J. Melone | Director | Strategy, Fiber Review | 63 | 8 | ||||||||||
Steven J. Moskowitz | Director | 61 | <1 | |||||||||||
| Sunit S. Patel | Director | Audit, Fiber Review | 62 | <1 | ||||||||||
| Bradley E. Singer | Director | Audit | 57 | <1 | ||||||||||
| Kevin A. Stephens | Director | Audit, Compensation, Strategy, Fiber Review | 62 | 3 | ||||||||||
| Matthew Thornton III | Director | Compensation, Strategy | 65 | 3 | ||||||||||
(a)Based on the dividends declared during the fourth quarter of each of the respective years presented, annualized. All future dividends are subject to declaration by our board of directors.
(b)Nominating, Environmental, Social and Governance Committee.
5
Crown Castle Inc.
First Quarter 2024
| COMPANY OVERVIEW | OUTLOOK | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIALS | CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW | TOWERS SEGMENT | FIBER SEGMENT | APPENDIX | ||||||||||||||
| RESEARCH COVERAGE | ||||||||
| Equity Research | ||||||||
| Bank of America David Barden (646) 855-1320 | Barclays Brendan Lynch (212) 526-9428 | BMO Capital Markets Ari Klein (212) 885-4103 | ||||||
| Citigroup Michael Rollins (212) 816-1116 | Deutsche Bank Matthew Niknam (212) 250-4711 | Green Street David Guarino (949) 640-8780 | ||||||
HSBC Luigi Minerva (207) 991-6928 | Jefferies Jonathan Petersen (212) 284-1705 | JPMorgan Richard Choe (212) 622-6708 | ||||||
| KeyBanc Brandon Nispel (503) 821-3871 | LightShed Partners Walter Piecyk (646) 450-9258 | MoffettNathanson Nick Del Deo (212) 519-0025 | ||||||
| Morgan Stanley Simon Flannery (212) 761-6432 | New Street Research Jonathan Chaplin (212) 921-9876 | Raymond James Ric Prentiss (727) 567-2567 | ||||||
| RBC Capital Markets Jonathan Atkin (415) 633-8589 | Scotiabank Maher Yaghi (437) 995-5548 | TD Cowen Michael Elias (646) 562-1358 | ||||||
| UBS Batya Levi (212) 713-8824 | Wells Fargo Securities, LLC Eric Luebchow (312) 630-2386 | Wolfe Research Andrew Rosivach (646) 582-9350 | ||||||
| Rating Agencies | ||||||||
Fitch Salonie Sehgal (312) 368-3137 | Moody’s Ranjini Venkatesan (212) 553-3828 | Standard & Poor’s Ryan Gilmore (212) 438-0602 | ||||||
6
Crown Castle Inc.
First Quarter 2024
| COMPANY OVERVIEW | OUTLOOK | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIALS | CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW | TOWERS SEGMENT | FIBER SEGMENT | APPENDIX | ||||||||||||||
| OUTLOOK | |||||||||||
| (in millions, except per share amounts) | Full Year 2024 Outlook(a) | ||||||||||
Site rental billings(b) | $5,740 | to | $5,780 | ||||||||
| Amortization of prepaid rent | $410 | to | $435 | ||||||||
| Straight-lined revenues | $175 | to | $200 | ||||||||
| Site rental revenues | $6,347 | to | $6,392 | ||||||||
Site rental costs of operations(c) | $1,686 | to | $1,731 | ||||||||
| Services and other gross margin | $65 | to | $95 | ||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $1,213 | to | $1,293 | ||||||||
| Net income (loss) per share—diluted | $2.79 | to | $2.97 | ||||||||
Adjusted EBITDA(d) | $4,138 | to | $4,188 | ||||||||
| Depreciation, amortization and accretion | $1,680 | to | $1,775 | ||||||||
Interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs, net(e) | $933 | to | $978 | ||||||||
FFO(d) | $2,951 | to | $2,996 | ||||||||
AFFO(d) | $2,980 | to | $3,030 | ||||||||
AFFO per share(d) | $6.85 | to | $6.97 | ||||||||
| OUTLOOK FOR COMPONENTS OF CHANGES IN SITE RENTAL REVENUES | |||||||||||
(dollars in millions; totals may not sum due to rounding) | Full Year 2024 Outlook(a) | ||||||||||
| Components of changes in site rental revenues: | |||||||||||
Prior year site rental billings excluding payments for Sprint Cancellations(b) | $5,505 | ||||||||||
Prior year payments for Sprint Cancellations(b)(f) | $170 | ||||||||||
Prior year site rental billings(b) | $5,675 | ||||||||||
Core leasing activity(b) | $305 | to | $335 | ||||||||
| Escalators | $95 | to | $105 | ||||||||
Non-renewals(b) | $(165) | to | $(145) | ||||||||
Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations(b) | $245 | to | $285 | ||||||||
Payments for Sprint Cancellations(b)(f) | $(170) | to | $(160) | ||||||||
Non-renewals associated with Sprint Cancellations(b)(f) | $(10) | to | $(10) | ||||||||
Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings(b) | $70 | to | $110 | ||||||||
| Straight-lined revenues | $175 | to | $200 | ||||||||
| Amortization of prepaid rent | $410 | to | $435 | ||||||||
Acquisitions(g) | — | ||||||||||
| Other | — | ||||||||||
| Total site rental revenues | $6,347 | to | $6,392 | ||||||||
Year-over-year changes in revenues:(h) | |||||||||||
Site rental revenues as a percentage of prior year site rental revenues | (2.5)% | ||||||||||
Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations as a percentage of prior year site rental billings excluding payments for Sprint Cancellations(b) | 4.8% | ||||||||||
Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as a percentage of prior year site rental billings(b) | 1.6% | ||||||||||
(a)As issued on April 17, 2024 and unchanged from the previous full year 2024 Outlook issued on January 24, 2024.
(b)See "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" for our definitions of site rental billings, core leasing activity, non-renewals, Sprint Cancellations, Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings and Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations.
(c)Exclusive of depreciation, amortization and accretion.
(d)See "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" for further information and reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures to net income (loss), including on a per share basis.
(e)See our reconciliation of "Outlook for Components of Interest Expense" for a discussion of non-cash interest expense.
(f)In 2023, we received $104 million and $66 million of payments for Sprint Cancellations that related to small cells and fiber solutions, respectively, and there were $14 million and $7 million of non-renewals associated with Sprint Cancellations that related to small cells and fiber solutions, respectively. These payments are non-recurring and therefore reduce full year 2024 Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings by the same amount.
(g)Represents the contribution from recent acquisitions. The financial impact of recent acquisitions is excluded from Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings, including as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations, until the one-year anniversary of such acquisitions.
(h)Calculated based on midpoint of full year 2024 Outlook where applicable.
7
Crown Castle Inc.
First Quarter 2024
| COMPANY OVERVIEW | OUTLOOK | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIALS | CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW | TOWERS SEGMENT | FIBER SEGMENT | APPENDIX | ||||||||||||||
| OUTLOOK FOR COMPONENTS OF CHANGES IN SITE RENTAL REVENUES BY LINE OF BUSINESS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Full Year 2024 Outlook(a) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Towers Segment | Fiber Segment | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (dollars in millions) | Small Cells | Fiber Solutions | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Core leasing activity(b) | $105 | to | $115 | $55 | to | $65 | $145 | to | $155 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations as a percentage of prior year site rental billings excluding payments for Sprint Cancellations(b)(c)(d) | 4.5% | 13% | 3% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as a percentage of prior year site rental billings(b)(c) | 4.5% | (9) | (3) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| OUTLOOK FOR CAPITAL EXPENDITURES | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Full Year 2024 Outlook(a)(e) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in millions) | Towers Segment | Fiber Segment | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Capital expenditures | ~$180 | $1,350 | to | $1,450 | $1,530 | to | $1,630 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Less: Prepaid rent additions(f) | ~$80 | ~$350 | ~$430 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Capital expenditures less prepaid rent additions | ~$100 | $1,000 | to | $1,100 | $1,100 | to | $1,200 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| OUTLOOK FOR COMPONENTS OF INTEREST EXPENSE | |||||||||||
| (in millions) | Full Year 2024 Outlook(a) | ||||||||||
| Interest expense on debt obligations | $922 | to | $962 | ||||||||
| Amortization of deferred financing costs and adjustments on long-term debt | $20 | to | $30 | ||||||||
| Capitalized interest | $(17) | to | $(7) | ||||||||
| Interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs, net | $933 | to | $978 | ||||||||
(a)As issued on April 17, 2024 and unchanged from the previous full year 2024 Outlook issued on January 24, 2024.
(b)See "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" for our definitions of site rental billings, core leasing activity, Sprint Cancellations, Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings and Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations.
(c)Calculated based on midpoint of full year 2024 Outlook.
(d)In full year 2023, we received $104 million and $66 million of payments for Sprint Cancellations that related to small cells and fiber solutions, respectively. In the first quarter of 2024, we received approximately $3 million of payments for Sprint Cancellations related to fiber solutions.
(e)Full Year 2024 Outlook reflects discretionary capital expenditures, exclusive of sustaining capital expenditures. See "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" for our definitions of discretionary capital expenditures and sustaining capital expenditures.
(f)Reflects up-front consideration from long-term tenant contracts (commonly referred to as prepaid rent) that are amortized and recognized as revenue over the associated estimated lease term in accordance with GAAP.
8
Crown Castle Inc.
First Quarter 2024
| COMPANY OVERVIEW | OUTLOOK | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIALS | CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW | TOWERS SEGMENT | FIBER SEGMENT | APPENDIX | ||||||||||||||
| CONSOLIDATED SUMMARY FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(in millions, except per share amounts; totals may not sum due to rounding) | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net revenues: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Site rental | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Site rental billings(a) | $ | 1,404 | $ | 1,460 | $ | 1,393 | $ | 1,418 | $ | 1,423 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of prepaid rent | 137 | 188 | 126 | 134 | 106 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Straight-lined revenues | 83 | 80 | 58 | 51 | 59 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total site rental | 1,624 | 1,728 | 1,577 | 1,603 | 1,588 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Services and other | 149 | 139 | 90 | 71 | 53 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net revenues | $ | 1,773 | $ | 1,867 | $ | 1,667 | $ | 1,674 | $ | 1,641 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Select operating expenses: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Costs of operations(b) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Site rental exclusive of straight-lined expenses | $ | 398 | $ | 406 | $ | 403 | $ | 390 | $ | 414 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Straight-lined expenses | 17 | 18 | 17 | 17 | 16 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total site rental | 415 | 424 | 420 | 407 | 430 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Services and other | 104 | 98 | 66 | 48 | 34 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total costs of operations | 519 | 522 | 486 | 455 | 464 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Selling, general and administrative | $ | 195 | $ | 210 | $ | 176 | $ | 178 | $ | 183 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 418 | $ | 455 | $ | 265 | $ | 361 | $ | 311 | |||||||||||||||||||
Adjusted EBITDA(c) | 1,104 | 1,188 | 1,047 | 1,076 | 1,036 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation, amortization and accretion | 431 | 445 | 439 | 439 | 439 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs, net | 202 | 208 | 217 | 223 | 226 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
FFO(c) | 835 | 901 | 698 | 790 | 742 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
AFFO(c) | $ | 828 | $ | 891 | $ | 767 | $ | 790 | $ | 749 | |||||||||||||||||||
Weighted-average common shares outstanding— diluted | 434 | 434 | 434 | 434 | 435 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) per share—diluted | $ | 0.97 | $ | 1.05 | $ | 0.61 | $ | 0.83 | $ | 0.71 | |||||||||||||||||||
AFFO per share(c) | $ | 1.91 | $ | 2.05 | $ | 1.77 | $ | 1.82 | $ | 1.72 | |||||||||||||||||||
(a)See "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" for our definition of site rental billings.
(b)Exclusive of depreciation, amortization and accretion.
(c)See "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" for further information and reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures to net income (loss), including on a per share basis.
9
Crown Castle Inc.
First Quarter 2024
| COMPANY OVERVIEW | OUTLOOK | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIALS | CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW | TOWERS SEGMENT | FIBER SEGMENT | APPENDIX | ||||||||||||||
| CONSOLIDATED COMPONENTS OF CHANGES IN SITE RENTAL REVENUES | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(dollars in millions; totals may not sum due to rounding) | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Components of changes in site rental revenues: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Prior year site rental billings excluding payments for Sprint Cancellations(a) | $ | 1,318 | $ | 1,304 | $ | 1,339 | $ | 1,348 | $ | 1,357 | |||||||||||||||||||
Prior year payments for Sprint Cancellations(a)(b) | — | — | — | — | 48 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Prior year site rental billings(a) | $ | 1,318 | $ | 1,304 | $ | 1,339 | $ | 1,348 | $ | 1,405 | |||||||||||||||||||
Core leasing activity(a) | 57 | 73 | 66 | 79 | 81 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Escalators | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-renewals(a) | (42) | (42) | (37) | (36) | (37) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations(a) | 39 | 54 | 53 | 67 | 68 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Payments for Sprint Cancellations(a)(c) | 48 | 106 | 6 | 10 | (44) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-renewals associated with Sprint Cancellations(a)(c) | (2) | (6) | (6) | (7) | (6) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings(a) | 85 | 155 | 53 | 70 | 17 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Straight-lined revenues | 83 | 80 | 58 | 51 | 59 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of prepaid rent | 137 | 188 | 126 | 134 | 106 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Acquisitions(d) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total site rental revenues | $ | 1,624 | $ | 1,728 | $ | 1,577 | $ | 1,603 | $ | 1,588 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Year-over-year changes in revenues: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Site rental revenues as a percentage of prior year site rental revenues | 3.0 | % | 10.3 | % | 0.6 | % | 1.6 | % | (2.2) | % | |||||||||||||||||||
Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations as a percentage of prior year site rental billings excluding payments for Sprint Cancellations(a) | 2.9 | % | 4.2 | % | 4.0 | % | 4.9 | % | 5.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as a percentage of prior year site rental billings(a) | 6.4 | % | 11.9 | % | 3.9 | % | 5.2 | % | 1.2 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
CONSOLIDATED SUMMARY OF CAPITAL EXPENDITURES(a) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(dollars in millions; totals may not sum due to rounding) | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Discretionary capital expenditures: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Communications infrastructure improvements and other capital projects | $ | 311 | $ | 338 | $ | 312 | $ | 316 | $ | 285 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Purchases of land interests | 15 | 23 | 13 | 13 | 13 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total discretionary capital expenditures | 326 | 361 | 325 | 329 | 298 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sustaining capital expenditures | 15 | 18 | 22 | 28 | 22 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total capital expenditures | 341 | 379 | 347 | 357 | 320 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Less: Prepaid rent additions(e) | 81 | 84 | 80 | 103 | 68 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Capital expenditures less prepaid rent additions | $ | 260 | $ | 295 | $ | 267 | $ | 254 | $ | 252 | |||||||||||||||||||
(a)See "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" for our definitions of site rental billings, core leasing activity, non-renewals, Sprint Cancellations, Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings, Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations, discretionary capital expenditures and sustaining capital expenditures.
(b)In full year 2023, we received $104 million and $66 million of payments for Sprint Cancellations that related to small cells and fiber solutions, respectively. These payments are non-recurring and therefore reduce full year 2024 Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings by the same amount.
(c)The $48 million of payments received in the first quarter 2023 and not recurring in 2024 were partially offset by approximately $3 million of fiber solutions-related payments for Sprint Cancellations received in the first quarter 2024. In full year 2023, there were $14 and $7 million of non-renewals associated with Sprint Cancellations that related to small cells and fiber solutions, respectively. In first quarter 2024, there were $5 million and $1 million of non-renewals associated with Sprint Cancellations that related to small cells and fiber solutions, respectively.
(d)Represents the contribution from recent acquisitions. The financial impact of recent acquisitions is excluded from Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings, including as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations, until the one-year anniversary of such acquisitions.
(e)Reflects up-front consideration from long-term tenant contracts (commonly referred to as prepaid rent) that are amortized and recognized as revenue over the associated estimated lease term in accordance with GAAP.
10
Crown Castle Inc.
First Quarter 2024
| COMPANY OVERVIEW | OUTLOOK | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIALS | CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW | TOWERS SEGMENT | FIBER SEGMENT | APPENDIX | ||||||||||||||
CONSOLIDATED RETURN ON INVESTED CAPITAL(a) | ||||||||
(as of March 31, 2024; dollars in millions) | Q1 2024 LQA | Q1 2023 LQA | ||||||
Adjusted EBITDA(b) | $ | 4,144 | $ | 4,416 | ||||
| Cash taxes (paid) refunded | — | 8 | ||||||
Adjusted EBITDA less cash taxes paid | $ | 4,144 | $ | 4,424 | ||||
Historical gross investment in property and equipment(c) | $ | 29,119 | $ | 27,911 | ||||
| Historical gross investment in site rental contracts and tenant relationships | 7,880 | 7,862 | ||||||
| Historical gross investment in goodwill | 10,085 | 10,085 | ||||||
Consolidated Invested Capital(a) | $ | 47,084 | $ | 45,858 | ||||
Consolidated Return on Invested Capital(a) | 8.8 | % | 9.6 | % | ||||
| CONSOLIDATED TENANT OVERVIEW | |||||||||||
(as of March 31, 2024) | Percentage of Q1 2024 LQA Site Rental Revenues | Weighted Average Current Term Remaining(d) | Long-Term Credit Rating (S&P / Moody’s) | ||||||||
| T-Mobile | 35% | 7 | BBB / Baa2 | ||||||||
| AT&T | 19% | 5 | BBB / Baa2 | ||||||||
| Verizon | 20% | 7 | BBB+ / Baa1 | ||||||||
| All Others Combined | 26% | 3 | N/A | ||||||||
| Total / Weighted Average | 100% | 6 | |||||||||
CONSOLIDATED ANNUALIZED RENTAL CASH PAYMENTS AT TIME OF RENEWAL(e) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Remaining Nine Months | Years Ending December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||
(as of March 31, 2024; in millions) | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | |||||||||||||||
| T-Mobile | $ | 24 | $ | 241 | $ | 53 | $ | 58 | $ | 42 | ||||||||||
| AT&T | 12 | 20 | 29 | 31 | 757 | |||||||||||||||
| Verizon | 17 | 33 | 36 | 32 | 46 | |||||||||||||||
| All Others Combined | 182 | 200 | 212 | 109 | 84 | |||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 235 | $ | 494 | $ | 330 | $ | 230 | $ | 929 | ||||||||||
(a)See "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" for further information on, and our definitions and calculations of, Consolidated Return on Invested Capital and Consolidated Invested Capital.
(b)See "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" for further information and reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures to net income (loss).
(c)Historical gross investment in property and equipment excludes the impact of construction in process.
(d)Weighted by site rental revenues and excludes renewals at the tenants' option.
(e)Reflects lease renewals by year by tenant; dollar amounts represent annualized cash site rental revenues from assumed renewals or extensions as reflected in "Projected Revenues from Tenant Contracts" below.
11
Crown Castle Inc.
First Quarter 2024
| COMPANY OVERVIEW | OUTLOOK | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIALS | CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW | TOWERS SEGMENT | FIBER SEGMENT | APPENDIX | ||||||||||||||
CONSOLIDATED PROJECTED REVENUES FROM TENANT CONTRACTS(a) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Remaining Nine Months | Years Ending December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||
(as of March 31, 2024; in millions) | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | |||||||||||||||
| Components of site rental revenues: | ||||||||||||||||||||
Site rental billings(b) | $ | 4,286 | $ | 5,647 | $ | 5,763 | $ | 5,887 | $ | 6,013 | ||||||||||
| Amortization of prepaid rent | 281 | 301 | 257 | 216 | 172 | |||||||||||||||
| Straight-lined revenues | 118 | 49 | (58) | (177) | (240) | |||||||||||||||
| Site rental revenues | $ | 4,685 | $ | 5,997 | $ | 5,962 | $ | 5,926 | $ | 5,945 | ||||||||||
CONSOLIDATED PROJECTED EXPENSES FROM EXISTING GROUND LEASES AND FIBER ACCESS AGREEMENTS(c) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Remaining Nine Months | Years Ending December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||
(as of March 31, 2024; in millions) | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | |||||||||||||||
| Components of ground lease and fiber access agreement expenses: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Ground lease and fiber access agreement expenses exclusive of straight-lined expenses | $ | 778 | $ | 1,055 | $ | 1,077 | $ | 1,099 | $ | 1,120 | ||||||||||
| Straight-lined expenses | 42 | 45 | 33 | 21 | 12 | |||||||||||||||
| Ground lease and fiber access agreement expenses | $ | 820 | $ | 1,100 | $ | 1,110 | $ | 1,120 | $ | 1,132 | ||||||||||
(a)Based on tenant licenses in place as of March 31, 2024. All tenant licenses are assumed to renew for a new term no later than the respective current term end date, and as such, projected revenues do not reflect the impact of estimated annual churn. CPI-linked tenant contracts are assumed to escalate at 3% per annum.
(b)See "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" for our definition of site rental billings.
(c)Based on existing ground leases and fiber access agreements as of March 31, 2024. CPI-linked contracts are assumed to escalate at 3% per annum.
12
Crown Castle Inc.
First Quarter 2024
| COMPANY OVERVIEW | OUTLOOK | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIALS | CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW | TOWERS SEGMENT | FIBER SEGMENT | APPENDIX | ||||||||||||||
CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW | |||||||||||||||||
(as of March 31, 2024; dollars in millions) | Face Value(a) | Fixed vs. Variable | Interest Rate(b) | Debt to LQA Adjusted EBITDA(c) | Maturity | ||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents | $ | 298 | |||||||||||||||
Senior Secured Notes, Series 2009-1, Class A-2(d) | 38 | Fixed | 9.0% | 2029 | |||||||||||||
Senior Secured Tower Revenue Notes, Series 2015-2(e) | 700 | Fixed | 3.7% | 2045 | |||||||||||||
Senior Secured Tower Revenue Notes, Series 2018-2(e) | 750 | Fixed | 4.2% | 2048 | |||||||||||||
| Finance leases and other obligations | 287 | Fixed | Various | Various | |||||||||||||
| Total secured debt | $ | 1,775 | 4.1% | 0.4x | |||||||||||||
2016 Revolver(f) | — | Variable | 2027 | ||||||||||||||
2016 Term Loan A(g) | 1,162 | Variable | 6.4% | 2027 | |||||||||||||
Commercial Paper Notes(h) | 1,138 | Variable | 5.9% | Various | |||||||||||||
| 3.200% Senior Notes | 750 | Fixed | 3.2% | 2024 | |||||||||||||
| 1.350% Senior Notes | 500 | Fixed | 1.4% | 2025 | |||||||||||||
| 4.450% Senior Notes | 900 | Fixed | 4.5% | 2026 | |||||||||||||
| 3.700% Senior Notes | 750 | Fixed | 3.7% | 2026 | |||||||||||||
| 1.050% Senior Notes | 1,000 | Fixed | 1.1% | 2026 | |||||||||||||
| 2.900% Senior Notes | 750 | Fixed | 2.9% | 2027 | |||||||||||||
| 4.000% Senior Notes | 500 | Fixed | 4.0% | 2027 | |||||||||||||
| 3.650% Senior Notes | 1,000 | Fixed | 3.7% | 2027 | |||||||||||||
| 5.000% Senior Notes | 1,000 | Fixed | 5.0% | 2028 | |||||||||||||
| 3.800% Senior Notes | 1,000 | Fixed | 3.8% | 2028 | |||||||||||||
| 4.800% Senior Notes | 600 | Fixed | 4.8% | 2028 | |||||||||||||
| 4.300% Senior Notes | 600 | Fixed | 4.3% | 2029 | |||||||||||||
5.600% Senior Notes | 750 | Fixed | 5.6% | 2029 | |||||||||||||
| 3.100% Senior Notes | 550 | Fixed | 3.1% | 2029 | |||||||||||||
| 3.300% Senior Notes | 750 | Fixed | 3.3% | 2030 | |||||||||||||
| 2.250% Senior Notes | 1,100 | Fixed | 2.3% | 2031 | |||||||||||||
| 2.100% Senior Notes | 1,000 | Fixed | 2.1% | 2031 | |||||||||||||
| 2.500% Senior Notes | 750 | Fixed | 2.5% | 2031 | |||||||||||||
| 5.100% Senior Notes | 750 | Fixed | 5.1% | 2033 | |||||||||||||
5.800% Senior Notes | 750 | Fixed | 5.8% | 2034 | |||||||||||||
| 2.900% Senior Notes | 1,250 | Fixed | 2.9% | 2041 | |||||||||||||
| 4.750% Senior Notes | 350 | Fixed | 4.8% | 2047 | |||||||||||||
| 5.200% Senior Notes | 400 | Fixed | 5.2% | 2049 | |||||||||||||
| 4.000% Senior Notes | 350 | Fixed | 4.0% | 2049 | |||||||||||||
| 4.150% Senior Notes | 500 | Fixed | 4.2% | 2050 | |||||||||||||
| 3.250% Senior Notes | 900 | Fixed | 3.3% | 2051 | |||||||||||||
| Total unsecured debt | $ | 21,800 | 3.9% | 5.3x | |||||||||||||
Net Debt(i) | $ | 23,277 | 3.9% | 5.6x | |||||||||||||
Market Capitalization(j) | 45,985 | ||||||||||||||||
Firm Value(k) | $ | 69,262 | |||||||||||||||
(a)Net of required principal amortizations.
(b)Represents the weighted-average stated interest rate, as applicable, exclusive of finance leases and other obligations.
(c)Represents the applicable amount of debt divided by Last Quarter Annualized Adjusted EBITDA. See "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" for further information on, and our definition and calculation of, Net Debt to Last Quarter Annualized Adjusted EBITDA.
(d)The Senior Secured Notes, 2009-1, Class A-2 principal amortizes over a period ending in August 2029.
(e)If the respective series of Tower Revenue Notes are not paid in full on or prior to an applicable anticipated repayment date, then the Excess Cash Flow (as defined in the indenture) of the issuers of such notes will be used to repay principal of the applicable series, and additional interest (of an additional approximately 5% per annum) will accrue on the respective series. The Senior Secured Tower Revenue Notes, 2015-2 and 2018-2 have anticipated repayment dates in 2025 and 2028, respectively. Notes are prepayable at par if voluntarily repaid within eighteen months of maturity; earlier prepayment may require additional consideration.
(f)As of March 31, 2024, the undrawn availability under the $7.0 billion 2016 Revolver was $7.0 billion. The Company pays a commitment fee on the undrawn available amount, which as of March 31, 2024 ranged from 0.080% to 0.300%, based on the Company's senior unsecured debt rating, per annum.
(g)The 2016 Term Loan A principal amortizes over a period ending in July 2027.
(h)As of March 31, 2024, the Company had $0.9 billion available for issuance under the $2.0 billion unsecured commercial paper program ("CP Program"). The maturities of the Commercial Paper Notes ("CP Notes"), when outstanding, may vary but may not exceed 397 days from the date of issue.
(i)See "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" for further information on, and our definition and calculation of, Net Debt.
(j)Market capitalization calculated based on $105.83 closing price and 435 million shares outstanding as of March 31, 2024.
(k)Represents the sum of Net Debt and market capitalization. See "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" for further information on, and our definition and calculation of, Net Debt.
13
Crown Castle Inc.
First Quarter 2024
| COMPANY OVERVIEW | OUTLOOK | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIALS | CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW | TOWERS SEGMENT | FIBER SEGMENT | APPENDIX | ||||||||||||||
DEBT MATURITY OVERVIEW(a)(b) | ||
(as of March 31, 2024; in millions)
(a)Where applicable, maturities reflect the respective anticipated repayment dates of the Tower Revenue Notes; excludes finance leases and other obligations; amounts presented at face value, net of required principal amortizations and repurchases held at the Company.
(b)The $1.1 billion outstanding in CP Notes have been excluded from this overview. Amounts available under the CP Program may be borrowed, repaid and re-borrowed from time to time. We intend to maintain available commitments under our 2016 Revolver in an amount at least equal to the amount of CP Notes outstanding at any point in time.
14
Crown Castle Inc.
First Quarter 2024
| COMPANY OVERVIEW | OUTLOOK | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIALS | CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW | TOWERS SEGMENT | FIBER SEGMENT | APPENDIX | ||||||||||||||
LIQUIDITY OVERVIEW(a) | |||||
| (in millions) | March 31, 2024 | ||||
Cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents(b) | $ | 298 | |||
Undrawn 2016 Revolver availability(c) | 6,960 | ||||
Total debt and other obligations (current and non-current)(d) | 23,414 | ||||
| Total equity | 6,048 | ||||
| SUMMARY OF MAINTENANCE AND FINANCIAL COVENANTS | |||||||||||||||||
| Debt | Borrower / Issuer | Covenant(e) | Covenant Level Requirement | As of March 31, 2024 | |||||||||||||
Maintenance Financial Covenants(f) | |||||||||||||||||
| 2016 Credit Facility | CCI | Total Net Leverage Ratio | ≤ 6.50x | 5.3x | |||||||||||||
| 2016 Credit Facility | CCI | Total Senior Secured Leverage Ratio | ≤ 3.50x | 0.3x | |||||||||||||
| 2016 Credit Facility | CCI | Consolidated Interest Coverage Ratio(g) | N/A | N/A | |||||||||||||
| Financial covenants requiring excess cash flows to be deposited in a cash trap reserve account and not released | |||||||||||||||||
| 2015 Tower Revenue Notes | Crown Castle Towers LLC and its Subsidiaries | Debt Service Coverage Ratio | > 1.75x | (h) | 17.8x | ||||||||||||
| 2018 Tower Revenue Notes | Crown Castle Towers LLC and its Subsidiaries | Debt Service Coverage Ratio | > 1.75x | (h) | 17.8x | ||||||||||||
| 2009 Securitized Notes | Pinnacle Towers Acquisition Holdings LLC and its Subsidiaries | Debt Service Coverage Ratio | > 1.30x | (h) | 27.7x | ||||||||||||
| Financial covenants restricting ability of relevant issuer to issue additional notes under the applicable indenture | |||||||||||||||||
| 2015 Tower Revenue Notes | Crown Castle Towers LLC and its Subsidiaries | Debt Service Coverage Ratio | ≥ 2.00x | (i) | 17.8x | ||||||||||||
| 2018 Tower Revenue Notes | Crown Castle Towers LLC and its Subsidiaries | Debt Service Coverage Ratio | ≥ 2.00x | (i) | 17.8x | ||||||||||||
| 2009 Securitized Notes | Pinnacle Towers Acquisition Holdings LLC and its Subsidiaries | Debt Service Coverage Ratio | ≥ 2.34x | (i) | 27.7x | ||||||||||||
(a)In addition, we have the following sources of liquidity:
i.In March 2024, we established an at-the-market stock offering program ("ATM Program") through which we may, from time to time, issue and sell shares of our common stock having an aggregate gross sales price of up to $750 million to or through sales agents. No shares of common stock have been sold under the ATM Program.
ii.In April 2019, we established a CP Program through which we may issue short term, unsecured CP Notes. Amounts available under the CP Program may be issued, repaid and re-issued from time to time, with the aggregate principal amount of CP Notes outstanding under the CP Program at any time not to exceed $2.0 billion. As of March 31, 2024, there were $1.1 billion CP Notes outstanding under our CP Program. We intend to maintain available commitments under our 2016 Revolver in an amount at least equal to the amount of CP Notes outstanding at any point in time.
(b)Inclusive of $5 million included within "Other assets, net" on our condensed consolidated balance sheet.
(c)Availability at any point in time is subject to reaffirmation of the representations and warranties in, and there being no default under, the credit agreement governing our 2016 Revolver.
(d)See "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" for further information on, and reconciliation to, Net Debt.
(e)As defined in the respective debt agreement. In the indentures for the 2015 Tower Revenue Notes, 2018 Tower Revenue Notes and the 2009 Securitized Notes, the defined term for Debt Service Coverage Ratio is "DSCR." Total Net Leverage Ratio, Total Senior Secured Leverage Ratio and all DSCR ratios are calculated using the trailing twelve months.
(f)Failure to comply with the financial maintenance covenants would, absent a waiver, result in an event of default under the credit agreement governing our 2016 Credit Facility.
(g)Applicable solely to the extent that the senior unsecured debt rating by any two of S&P, Moody's and Fitch is lower than BBB-, Baa3 or BBB-, respectively. If applicable, the consolidated interest coverage ratio must be greater than or equal to 2.50.
(h)The 2015 Tower Revenue Notes, 2018 Tower Revenue Notes and 2009 Securitized Notes also include the potential for amortization events, which could result in applying current and future cash flow to the prepayment of debt with applicable prepayment consideration. An amortization event occurs when the Debt Service Coverage Ratio falls below 1.45x, 1.45x or 1.15x, in each case as described under the indentures for the 2015 Tower Revenue Notes, 2018 Tower Revenue Notes or 2009 Securitized Notes, respectively.
(i)Rating Agency Confirmation (as defined in the respective debt agreement) is required.
15
Crown Castle Inc.
First Quarter 2024
| COMPANY OVERVIEW | OUTLOOK | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIALS | CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW | TOWERS SEGMENT | FIBER SEGMENT | APPENDIX | ||||||||||||||
INTEREST RATE EXPOSURE(a) | |||||||||||||||||
(as of March 31, 2024; dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||
| Fixed Rate Debt | Floating Rate Debt | ||||||||||||||||
Face value of principal outstanding(b) | $20,988 | Face value of principal outstanding(b) | $2,300 | ||||||||||||||
| % of total debt | 90% | % of total debt | 10% | ||||||||||||||
| Weighted average interest rate | 3.6% | Weighted average interest rate(c) | 6.1% | ||||||||||||||
| Upcoming maturities: | 2024(d) | 2025(e) | Interest rate sensitivity of 25 bps increase in interest rates: | ||||||||||||||
Face value of principal outstanding(b) | $750 | $1,200 | Full year effect(f) | $5.8 | |||||||||||||
| Weighted average interest rate | 3.2% | 2.7% | |||||||||||||||
| COMPONENTS OF INTEREST EXPENSE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in millions) | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense on debt obligations | $ | 198 | $ | 205 | $ | 213 | $ | 220 | $ | 223 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of deferred financing costs and adjustments on long-term debt | 7 | 7 | 8 | 7 | 8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Capitalized interest | (3) | (4) | (4) | (4) | (5) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs, net | $ | 202 | $ | 208 | $ | 217 | $ | 223 | $ | 226 | |||||||||||||||||||
(a)Excludes finance leases and other obligations; assumes no default.
(b)Net of required principal amortizations.
(c)In June 2021, the Company entered into an amendment to the credit agreement governing our 2016 Credit Facility that provided for, among other things, a reduction to the interest rate spread ("Spread") of up to 0.05% if the Company meets specified annual sustainability targets ("Targets") and an increase to the Spread of up to 0.05% if the Company fails to meet specified annual sustainability thresholds ("Thresholds"). In January 2024, the Company submitted the required documentation and received confirmation from its administrative agent that all Targets were met as of December 31, 2023, and, as such, the Spread reduction is maintained for 2024. The weighted average interest rate reflects the reduced Spread.
(d)Represents the remaining nine months of the year.
(e)Maturities include the Senior Secured Tower Revenue Note 2015-2, which has an anticipated repayment date in 2025.
(f)Represents incremental interest expense over a 12-month period based on a hypothetical interest rate increase of 25 bps on face value of variable indebtedness outstanding as of March 31, 2024; assumes no debt maturities.
16
Crown Castle Inc.
First Quarter 2024
| COMPANY OVERVIEW | OUTLOOK | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIALS | CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW | TOWERS SEGMENT | FIBER SEGMENT | APPENDIX | ||||||||||||||
| TOWERS SEGMENT SUMMARY FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(in millions; totals may not sum due to rounding) | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment net revenues: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Site rental | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Site rental billings(a) | $ | 926 | $ | 929 | $ | 956 | $ | 970 | $ | 970 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of prepaid rent | 72 | 67 | 61 | 59 | 41 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Straight-lined revenues | 83 | 84 | 57 | 50 | 57 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total site rental | 1,081 | 1,080 | 1,074 | 1,079 | 1,068 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Services and other | 146 | 124 | 86 | 65 | 46 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net revenues | $ | 1,227 | $ | 1,204 | $ | 1,160 | $ | 1,144 | $ | 1,114 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Segment operating expenses: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Costs of operations(b) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Site rental exclusive of straight-lined expenses | $ | 217 | $ | 226 | $ | 219 | $ | 214 | $ | 223 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Straight-lined expenses | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 16 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total site rental | 234 | 243 | 236 | 231 | 239 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Services and other | 99 | 92 | 61 | 42 | 28 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total costs of operations | 333 | 335 | 297 | 273 | 267 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Selling, general and administrative(c) | 31 | 30 | 24 | 19 | 21 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Segment operating profit(d) | $ | 863 | $ | 839 | $ | 839 | $ | 852 | $ | 826 | |||||||||||||||||||
(a)See "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" for our definition of site rental billings.
(b)Exclusive of (1) depreciation, amortization and accretion, (2) stock-based compensation expense, net and (3) prepaid lease purchase price adjustments. See "Segment Operating Results" for further information.
(c)Exclusive of stock-based compensation expense, net. See "Segment Operating Results" for further information.
(d)See "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" and "Segment Operating Results" for further information on, and our definition and calculation of, segment operating profit.
17
Crown Castle Inc.
First Quarter 2024
| COMPANY OVERVIEW | OUTLOOK | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIALS | CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW | TOWERS SEGMENT | FIBER SEGMENT | APPENDIX | ||||||||||||||
| TOWERS SEGMENT COMPONENTS OF CHANGES IN SITE RENTAL REVENUES | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(dollars in millions; totals may not sum due to rounding) | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Components of changes in site rental revenues: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Prior year site rental billings(a) | $ | 879 | $ | 877 | $ | 915 | $ | 921 | $ | 926 | |||||||||||||||||||
Core leasing activity(a) | 32 | 38 | 25 | 32 | 28 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Escalators | 22 | 22 | 22 | 23 | 23 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-renewals(a) | (8) | (8) | (7) | (7) | (8) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings(a) | 46 | 51 | 40 | 48 | 43 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Straight-lined revenues | 83 | 84 | 57 | 50 | 57 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of prepaid rent | 72 | 67 | 61 | 59 | 41 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Acquisitions(b) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total site rental revenues | $ | 1,081 | $ | 1,080 | $ | 1,074 | $ | 1,079 | $ | 1,068 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Year-over-year changes in revenues: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Site rental revenues as a percentage of prior year site rental revenues | 0.6 | % | 0.2 | % | (0.9) | % | (0.6) | % | (1.2) | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Changes in revenues as a percentage of prior year site rental billings: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings(a) | 5.2 | % | 5.8 | % | 4.4 | % | 5.2 | % | 4.6 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
TOWERS SEGMENT SUMMARY OF CAPITAL EXPENDITURES(a) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(in millions; totals may not sum due to rounding) | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Discretionary capital expenditures: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Communications infrastructure improvements and other capital projects | $ | 33 | $ | 34 | $ | 34 | $ | 21 | $ | 20 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Purchases of land interests | 15 | 23 | 13 | 13 | 13 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total discretionary capital expenditures | 48 | 57 | 47 | 34 | 33 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sustaining capital expenditures | 2 | 4 | 2 | — | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total capital expenditures | 50 | 61 | 49 | 34 | 35 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Less: Prepaid rent additions(c) | 22 | 25 | 25 | 20 | 12 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Capital expenditures less prepaid rent additions | $ | 28 | $ | 36 | $ | 24 | $ | 14 | $ | 23 | |||||||||||||||||||
(a)See "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" for our definitions of site rental billings, core leasing activity, non-renewals, Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings, discretionary capital expenditures and sustaining capital expenditures.
(b)Represents the contribution from recent acquisitions. The financial impact of recent acquisitions is excluded from Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings, until the one-year anniversary of such acquisitions.
(c)Reflects up-front consideration from long-term tenant contracts (commonly referred to as prepaid rent) that are amortized and recognized as revenue over the associated estimated lease term in accordance with GAAP.
18
Crown Castle Inc.
First Quarter 2024
| COMPANY OVERVIEW | OUTLOOK | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIALS | CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW | TOWERS SEGMENT | FIBER SEGMENT | APPENDIX | ||||||||||||||
| TOWERS SEGMENT PORTFOLIO HIGHLIGHTS | |||||
(as of March 31, 2024) | |||||
Number of towers (in thousands)(a) | 40 | ||||
| Average number of tenants per tower | 2.5 | ||||
Remaining contracted tenant receivables (in billions)(b) | $ | 33 | |||
Weighted average remaining tenant contract term (years)(b)(c) | 7 | ||||
| Percent of towers in the Top 50 / 100 Basic Trading Areas | 56% / 71% | ||||
Percent of ground leased / owned(d) | 58% / 42% | ||||
Weighted average maturity of ground leases (years)(d)(e) | 35 | ||||
TOWERS SEGMENT CASH YIELD ON INVESTED CAPITAL(f) | |||||||||||
(as of March 31, 2024; dollars in millions) | Q1 2024 LQA | Q1 2023 LQA | |||||||||
Segment site rental gross margin(g) | $ | 3,316 | $ | 3,388 | |||||||
| Less: Amortization of prepaid rent | (164) | (288) | |||||||||
| Less: Straight-lined revenues | (228) | (332) | |||||||||
| Add: Straight-lined expenses | 64 | 68 | |||||||||
| Numerator | $ | 2,988 | $ | 2,836 | |||||||
Segment net investment in property and equipment(h) | $ | 13,464 | $ | 13,352 | |||||||
| Segment investment in site rental contracts and tenant relationships | 4,590 | 4,572 | |||||||||
Segment investment in goodwill(i) | 5,351 | 5,351 | |||||||||
Segment Net Invested Capital(f) | $ | 23,405 | $ | 23,275 | |||||||
Segment Cash Yield on Invested Capital(f) | 12.8 | % | 12.2 | % | |||||||
SUMMARY OF TOWER PORTFOLIO BY VINTAGE(j) | ||||||||||||||
(as of March 31, 2024; dollars in thousands) | Acquired and Built 2006 and Prior | Acquired and Built 2007 to Present | ||||||||||||
Cash yield(k) | 21 | % | 10 | % | ||||||||||
| Number of tenants per tower | 3.0 | 2.3 | ||||||||||||
Last quarter annualized average cash site rental revenue per tower(l) | $ | 135 | $ | 82 | ||||||||||
Last quarter annualized average site rental gross cash margin per tower(m) | $ | 117 | $ | 58 | ||||||||||
Net invested capital per tower(n) | $ | 560 | $ | 585 | ||||||||||
| Number of towers | 11,197 | 28,826 | ||||||||||||
(a)Excludes third-party land interests.
(b)Excludes renewal terms at tenants' option.
(c)Weighted by site rental revenues.
(d)Weighted by towers site rental gross margin exclusive of straight-lined revenues, amortization of prepaid rent and straight-lined expenses.
(e)Includes all renewal terms at the Company's option.
(f)See "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" for further information on, and our definitions and calculations of, Segment Cash Yield on Invested Capital and Segment Net Invested Capital.
(g)See "Segment Operating Results" and "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" for further information on, and our definition and calculation of, segment site rental gross margin.
(h)Segment net investment in property and equipment excludes the impact of construction in process and non-productive assets (such as information technology assets and buildings) and is reduced by the amount of prepaid rent received from tenants (excluding any deferred credits recorded in connection with acquisitions).
(i)Segment investment in goodwill excludes the impact of certain assets and liabilities recorded in connection with acquisitions (primarily deferred credits).
(j)All tower portfolio figures are calculated exclusively for the Company's towers and rooftops and do not give effect to other activities within the Company's Towers segment.
(k)Cash yield is calculated as last quarter annualized site rental gross margin, exclusive of straight-lined revenues, amortization of prepaid rent, and straight-lined expenses, divided by invested capital net of the amount of prepaid rent received from tenants.
(l)Exclusive of straight-lined revenues and amortization of prepaid rent.
(m)Exclusive of straight-lined revenues, amortization of prepaid rent and straight-lined expenses.
(n)Reflects gross total assets (including incremental capital invested by the Company since time of acquisition or construction completion), less any prepaid rent. Inclusive of invested capital related to land at the tower site.
19
Crown Castle Inc.
First Quarter 2024
| COMPANY OVERVIEW | OUTLOOK | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIALS | CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW | TOWERS SEGMENT | FIBER SEGMENT | APPENDIX | ||||||||||||||
| GROUND INTEREST OVERVIEW | |||||||||||||||||||||||
(as of March 31, 2024; dollars in millions) | LQA Cash Site Rental Revenues(a) | Percentage of LQA Cash Site Rental Revenues(a) | LQA Towers Segment Site Rental Gross Cash Margin(b) | Percentage of LQA Towers Segment Site Rental Gross Cash Margin(b) | Number of Towers(c) | Percentage of Towers | Weighted Average Term Remaining (by years)(d) | ||||||||||||||||
| Less than 10 years | $ | 433 | 11 | % | $ | 237 | 8 | % | 5,528 | 14 | % | ||||||||||||
| 10 to 20 years | 568 | 15 | % | 362 | 12 | % | 6,109 | 15 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Greater than 20 years | 1,571 | 40 | % | 1,146 | 38 | % | 16,667 | 42 | % | ||||||||||||||
| Total leased | $ | 2,573 | 66 | % | $ | 1,745 | 58 | % | 28,304 | 71 | % | 35 | |||||||||||
| Owned | $ | 1,318 | 34 | % | $ | 1,242 | 42 | % | 11,719 | 29 | % | ||||||||||||
| Total / Average | $ | 3,891 | 100 | % | $ | 2,987 | 100 | % | 40,023 | 100 | % | ||||||||||||
(a)Exclusive of straight-lined revenues and amortization of prepaid rent.
(b)Exclusive of straight-lined revenues, amortization of prepaid rent and straight-lined expenses.
(c)Excludes third-party land interests.
(d)Includes all renewal terms at the Company's option and weighted by towers site rental gross margin exclusive of straight-lined revenues, amortization of prepaid rent and straight-lined expenses.
20
Crown Castle Inc.
First Quarter 2024
| COMPANY OVERVIEW | OUTLOOK | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIALS | CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW | TOWERS SEGMENT | FIBER SEGMENT | APPENDIX | ||||||||||||||
| FIBER SEGMENT SUMMARY FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(in millions; totals may not sum due to rounding) | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment net revenues: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Site rental | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Site rental billings(a) | $ | 478 | $ | 531 | $ | 436 | $ | 447 | $ | 453 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of prepaid rent | 65 | 121 | 66 | 75 | 65 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Straight-lined revenues | — | (4) | 1 | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total site rental | 543 | 648 | 503 | 524 | 520 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Services and other | 3 | 15 | 4 | 6 | 7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net revenues | $ | 546 | $ | 663 | $ | 507 | $ | 530 | $ | 527 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Segment operating expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Costs of operations(b) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Site rental exclusive of straight-lined expenses | $ | 172 | $ | 170 | $ | 175 | $ | 168 | $ | 182 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Straight-lined expenses | — | 1 | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total site rental | 172 | 171 | 175 | 168 | 182 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Services and other | 2 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total costs of operations | 174 | 174 | 178 | 172 | 186 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Selling, general and administrative(c) | 49 | 51 | 48 | 47 | 47 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Segment operating profit(d) | $ | 323 | $ | 438 | $ | 281 | $ | 311 | $ | 294 | |||||||||||||||||||
(a)See "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" for our definition of site rental billings.
(b)Exclusive of (1) depreciation, amortization and accretion, (2) stock-based compensation expense, net and (3) prepaid lease purchase price adjustments. See "Segment Operating Results" for further information.
(c)Exclusive of stock-based compensation expense, net. See "Segment Operating Results" for further information.
(d)See "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" and "Segment Operating Results" for further information on, and our definition and calculation of, segment operating profit.
21
Crown Castle Inc.
First Quarter 2024
| COMPANY OVERVIEW | OUTLOOK | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIALS | CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW | TOWERS SEGMENT | FIBER SEGMENT | APPENDIX | ||||||||||||||
| FIBER SEGMENT COMPONENTS OF CHANGES IN SITE RENTAL REVENUES | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(dollars in millions; totals may not sum due to rounding) | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Components of changes in site rental revenues: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Prior year site rental billings excluding payments for Sprint Cancellations(a) | $ | 439 | $ | 427 | $ | 424 | $ | 426 | $ | 431 | |||||||||||||||||||
Prior year payments for Sprint Cancellations(a)(b) | — | — | — | — | 48 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Prior year site rental billings(a) | $ | 439 | $ | 427 | $ | 424 | $ | 426 | $ | 479 | |||||||||||||||||||
Core leasing activity(a) | 25 | 36 | 41 | 47 | 53 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Escalators | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-renewals(a) | (34) | (34) | (30) | (30) | (29) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations(a) | (7) | 3 | 13 | 19 | 25 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Payments for Sprint Cancellations(a)(c) | 48 | 106 | 6 | 10 | (44) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-renewals associated with Sprint Cancellations(a)(c) | (2) | (6) | (6) | (7) | (6) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings(a) | 39 | 104 | 12 | 22 | (25) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Straight-lined revenues | — | (4) | 1 | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of prepaid rent | 65 | 121 | 66 | 75 | 65 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Acquisitions(d) | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total site rental revenues | $ | 543 | $ | 648 | $ | 503 | $ | 524 | $ | 520 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Year-over-year changes in revenues: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Site rental revenues as a percentage of prior year site rental revenues | 8.4 | % | 32.5 | % | 3.9 | % | 6.5 | % | (4.2) | % | |||||||||||||||||||
Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations as a percentage of prior year site rental billings excluding payments for Sprint Cancellations(a) | (1.6) | % | 0.8 | % | 3.0 | % | 4.4 | % | 5.8 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as a percentage of prior year site rental billings(a) | 8.8 | % | 24.3 | % | 2.9 | % | 5.1 | % | (5.3) | % | |||||||||||||||||||
FIBER SEGMENT SUMMARY OF CAPITAL EXPENDITURES(a) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(in millions; totals may not sum due to rounding) | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Discretionary capital expenditures | 272 | 298 | 273 | 288 | 259 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sustaining capital expenditures | 7 | 8 | 14 | 15 | 14 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total capital expenditures | 279 | 306 | 287 | 303 | 273 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Less: Prepaid rent additions(e) | 59 | 59 | 55 | 83 | 56 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Capital expenditures less prepaid rent additions | $ | 220 | $ | 247 | $ | 232 | $ | 220 | $ | 217 | |||||||||||||||||||
(a)See "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" for our definitions of site rental billings, core leasing activity, non-renewals, Sprint Cancellations, Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings, Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations, discretionary capital expenditures and sustaining capital expenditures.
(b)In full year 2023, we received $104 million and $66 million of payments for Sprint Cancellations that related to small cells and fiber solutions, respectively. These payments are non-recurring and therefore reduce full year 2024 Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings by the same amount.
(c)The $48 million of payments received in the first quarter 2023 and not recurring in 2024 were partially offset by approximately $3 million of fiber solutions-related payments for Sprint Cancellations received in the first quarter 2024. In full year 2023, there were $14 and $7 million of non-renewals associated with Sprint Cancellations that related to small cells and fiber solutions, respectively. In first quarter 2024, there were $5 million and $1 million of non-renewals associated with Sprint Cancellations that related to small cells and fiber solutions, respectively.
(d)Represents the contribution from recent acquisitions. The financial impact of recent acquisitions is excluded from Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings, including as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations, until the one-year anniversary of such acquisitions.
(e)Reflects up-front consideration from long-term tenant contracts (commonly referred to as prepaid rent) that are amortized and recognized as revenue over the associated estimated lease term in accordance with GAAP.
22
Crown Castle Inc.
First Quarter 2024
| COMPANY OVERVIEW | OUTLOOK | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIALS | CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW | TOWERS SEGMENT | FIBER SEGMENT | APPENDIX | ||||||||||||||
| FIBER SEGMENT REVENUE DETAIL BY LINE OF BUSINESS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(dollars in millions; totals may not sum due to rounding) | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Small Cells | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Site rental revenues: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Site rental billings(a) | $ | 113 | $ | 211 | $ | 113 | $ | 118 | $ | 126 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of prepaid rent | 48 | 102 | 45 | 53 | 45 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Straight-lined revenues | (1) | (6) | (1) | (1) | (1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total site rental revenues | 160 | 308 | 157 | 170 | 170 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Services and other revenues | 3 | 15 | 3 | 6 | 7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net revenues | $ | 163 | $ | 323 | $ | 160 | $ | 176 | $ | 177 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Components of changes in site rental revenues: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Prior year site rental billings(a)(b) | $ | 108 | $ | 109 | $ | 109 | $ | 111 | $ | 113 | |||||||||||||||||||
Core leasing activity(a) | 6 | 6 | 8 | 9 | 17 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Escalators | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-renewals(a) | (3) | (2) | (1) | (1) | (1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations(a) | 5 | 5 | 8 | 10 | 18 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Payments for Sprint Cancellations(a)(c) | — | 101 | — | 2 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-renewals associated with Sprint Cancellations(a)(d) | — | (4) | (5) | (5) | (5) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings(a) | 5 | 102 | 3 | 7 | 13 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Straight-lined revenues | (1) | (6) | (1) | (1) | (1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of prepaid rent | 48 | 102 | 45 | 53 | 45 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Acquisitions(e) | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total site rental revenues | $ | 160 | $ | 308 | $ | 157 | $ | 170 | $ | 170 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Year-over-year changes in revenues: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Site rental revenues as a percentage of prior year site rental revenues | 3.2 | % | 97.4 | % | 1.9 | % | 5.6 | % | 6.3 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations as a percentage of prior year site rental billings excluding payments for Sprint Cancellations(a) | 4.5 | % | 5.0 | % | 7.3 | % | 9.1 | % | 16.3 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as a percentage of prior year site rental billings(a) | 4.5 | % | 93.6 | % | 3.1 | % | 6.7 | % | 11.8 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
(a)See "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" for our definitions of site rental billings, core leasing activity, non-renewals, Sprint Cancellations, Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings and Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations.
(b)There were no prior year payments associated with Sprint Cancellations related to small cells for the periods shown.
(c)In full year 2023, we received $104 million of payments associated with Sprint Cancellations. These payments are non-recurring and therefore reduce full year 2024 Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings by the same amount.
(d)In full year 2023, there were $14 million of non-renewals associated with Sprint Cancellations that related to small cells. In the first quarter 2024, there were $5 million of non-renewals associated with Sprint Cancellations that relate to small cells.
(e)Represents the contribution from recent acquisitions. The financial impact of recent acquisitions is excluded from Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings, until the one-year anniversary of such acquisitions.
23
Crown Castle Inc.
First Quarter 2024
| COMPANY OVERVIEW | OUTLOOK | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIALS | CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW | TOWERS SEGMENT | FIBER SEGMENT | APPENDIX | ||||||||||||||
| FIBER SEGMENT REVENUE DETAIL BY LINE OF BUSINESS CONTINUED | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(dollars in millions; totals may not sum due to rounding) | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fiber Solutions | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Site rental revenues: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Site rental billings(a) | $ | 365 | $ | 320 | $ | 323 | $ | 330 | $ | 327 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of prepaid rent | 17 | 19 | 20 | 22 | 20 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Straight-lined revenues | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total site rental revenues | 383 | 340 | 346 | 354 | 350 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Services and other revenues | — | — | 1 | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net revenues | $ | 383 | $ | 340 | $ | 347 | $ | 354 | $ | 350 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Components of changes in site rental revenues: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Prior year site rental billings excluding payments for Sprint Cancellations(a) | $ | 331 | $ | 318 | $ | 315 | $ | 316 | $ | 318 | |||||||||||||||||||
Prior year payments for Sprint Cancellations(a)(b) | — | — | — | — | 48 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Prior year site rental billings(a) | $ | 331 | $ | 318 | $ | 315 | $ | 316 | $ | 366 | |||||||||||||||||||
Core leasing activity(a) | 19 | 30 | 34 | 37 | 35 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Escalators | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-renewals(a) | (31) | (32) | (29) | (29) | (29) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations(a) | (12) | (2) | 5 | 8 | 6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Payments for Sprint Cancellations(a)(c) | 48 | 5 | 6 | 8 | (44) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-renewals associated with Sprint Cancellations(a)(c) | (2) | (2) | (2) | (2) | (1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings(a) | 34 | 1 | 9 | 14 | (39) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Straight-lined revenues | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of prepaid rent | 17 | 19 | 20 | 22 | 20 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Acquisitions(d) | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total site rental revenues | $ | 383 | $ | 340 | $ | 346 | $ | 354 | $ | 350 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Year-over-year changes in revenues: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Site rental revenues as a percentage of prior year site rental revenues | 10.7 | % | 2.1 | % | 4.8 | % | 6.9 | % | (8.6) | % | |||||||||||||||||||
Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations as a percentage of prior year site rental billings excluding payments for Sprint Cancellations(a) | (3.6) | % | (0.7) | % | 1.5 | % | 2.7 | % | 2.1 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as a percentage of prior year site rental billings(a) | 10.2 | % | 0.4 | % | 2.8 | % | 4.5 | % | (10.6) | % | |||||||||||||||||||
(a)See "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" for our definitions of site rental billings, core leasing activity, non-renewals, Sprint Cancellations, Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings and Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations.
(b)In full year 2023, we received $66 million of payments associated with Sprint Cancellations. These payments are non-recurring and therefore reduce full year 2024 Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings by the same amount.
(c)The $48 million of payments received in the first quarter 2023 and not recurring in 2024 were partially offset by approximately $3 million of fiber solutions-related payments for Sprint Cancellations received in the first quarter 2024. In full year 2023, there were $7 million of non-renewals associated with Sprint Cancellations that related to fiber solutions. In first quarter 2024, there were $1 million of non-renewals associated with Sprint Cancellations that relate to fiber solutions.
(d)Represents the contribution from recent acquisitions. The financial impact of recent acquisitions is excluded from Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings, including as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations, until the one-year anniversary of such acquisitions.
24
Crown Castle Inc.
First Quarter 2024
| COMPANY OVERVIEW | OUTLOOK | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIALS | CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW | TOWERS SEGMENT | FIBER SEGMENT | APPENDIX | ||||||||||||||
| FIBER SEGMENT PORTFOLIO HIGHLIGHTS | |||||
(as of March 31, 2024) | |||||
| Number of route miles of fiber (in thousands) | 90 | ||||
Number of small cells on air or under contract (in thousands) | 115 | ||||
Remaining contracted tenant receivables (in billions)(a) | $ | 5 | |||
Weighted average remaining tenant contract term (years)(a)(b) | 4 | ||||
FIBER SEGMENT CASH YIELD ON INVESTED CAPITAL(c) | |||||||||||
(as of March 31, 2024; dollars in millions) | Q1 2024 LQA | Q1 2023 LQA | |||||||||
Segment site rental gross margin(d) | $ | 1,352 | $ | 1,484 | |||||||
| Less: Amortization of prepaid rent | (260) | (260) | |||||||||
| Less: Straight-lined revenues | (8) | — | |||||||||
| Add: Straight-lined expenses | — | — | |||||||||
Add: Indirect labor costs(e) | 118 | 118 | |||||||||
| Numerator | $ | 1,202 | $ | 1,342 | |||||||
Segment net investment in property and equipment(f) | $ | 9,729 | $ | 8,896 | |||||||
| Segment investment in site rental contracts and tenant relationships | 3,290 | 3,290 | |||||||||
Segment investment in goodwill(g) | 4,080 | 4,080 | |||||||||
Segment Net Invested Capital(c) | $ | 17,099 | $ | 16,266 | |||||||
Segment Cash Yield on Invested Capital(c) | 7.0 | % | 8.3 | % | |||||||
| FIBER SOLUTIONS REVENUE MIX | |||||
(as of March 31, 2024) | Percentage of Q1 2024 LQA Site Rental Revenues | ||||
Carrier(h) | 36% | ||||
| Education | 14% | ||||
| Healthcare | 11% | ||||
| Financial Services | 7% | ||||
| Other | 32% | ||||
| Total | 100% | ||||
(a)Excludes renewal terms at tenants' option.
(b)Weighted by site rental revenues.
(c)See "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" for further information on, and our definitions and calculations of, Segment Cash Yield on Invested Capital and Segment Net Invested Capital.
(d)See "Segment Operating Results" and "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" for further information on, and our definition and calculation of, segment site rental gross margin.
(e)This adjustment represents indirect labor costs in the Fiber segment that are not capitalized, but that primarily support the Company's ongoing expansion of its Fiber segment that management expects to generate future revenues for the Company. Removal of these indirect labor costs presents Segment Cash Yield on Invested Capital on a direct cost basis, consistent with the methodology used by management when evaluating project-level investment opportunities.
(f)Segment net investment in property and equipment excludes the impact of construction in process and non-productive assets (such as information technology assets and buildings) and is reduced by the amount of prepaid rent received from tenants (excluding any deferred credits recorded in connection with acquisitions).
(g)Segment investment in goodwill excludes the impact of certain assets and liabilities recorded in connection with acquisitions (primarily deferred credits).
(h)Includes revenues derived from both wireless carriers and wholesale carriers.
25
Crown Castle Inc.
First Quarter 2024
| COMPANY OVERVIEW | OUTLOOK | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIALS | CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW | TOWERS SEGMENT | FIBER SEGMENT | APPENDIX | ||||||||||||||
| CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET (Unaudited) | |||||||||||
| (in millions, except par values) | March 31, 2024 | December 31, 2023 | |||||||||
| ASSETS | |||||||||||
| Current assets: | |||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 125 | $ | 105 | |||||||
Restricted cash and cash equivalents | 168 | 171 | |||||||||
| Receivables, net | 380 | 481 | |||||||||
| Prepaid expenses | 130 | 103 | |||||||||
| Deferred site rental receivables | 123 | 116 | |||||||||
| Other current assets | 51 | 56 | |||||||||
| Total current assets | 977 | 1,032 | |||||||||
| Deferred site rental receivables | 2,292 | 2,239 | |||||||||
| Property and equipment, net | 15,677 | 15,666 | |||||||||
| Operating lease right-of-use assets | 5,990 | 6,187 | |||||||||
| Goodwill | 10,085 | 10,085 | |||||||||
| Other intangible assets, net | 3,073 | 3,179 | |||||||||
| Other assets, net | 137 | 139 | |||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 38,231 | $ | 38,527 | |||||||
| LIABILITIES AND EQUITY | |||||||||||
| Current liabilities: | |||||||||||
| Accounts payable | $ | 216 | $ | 252 | |||||||
| Accrued interest | 160 | 219 | |||||||||
| Deferred revenues | 514 | 605 | |||||||||
| Other accrued liabilities | 279 | 342 | |||||||||
| Current maturities of debt and other obligations | 854 | 835 | |||||||||
| Current portion of operating lease liabilities | 313 | 332 | |||||||||
| Total current liabilities | 2,336 | 2,585 | |||||||||
| Debt and other long-term obligations | 22,560 | 22,086 | |||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities | 5,397 | 5,561 | |||||||||
| Other long-term liabilities | 1,890 | 1,914 | |||||||||
| Total liabilities | 32,183 | 32,146 | |||||||||
| Commitments and contingencies | |||||||||||
| Stockholders' equity: | |||||||||||
Common stock, 0.01 par value; 1,200 shares authorized; shares issued and outstanding: March 31, 2024—435 and December 31, 2023—434 | 4 | 4 | |||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | 18,310 | 18,270 | |||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | (5) | (4) | |||||||||
| Dividends/distributions in excess of earnings | (12,261) | (11,889) | |||||||||
| Total equity | 6,048 | 6,381 | |||||||||
| Total liabilities and equity | $ | 38,231 | $ | 38,527 | |||||||
26
Crown Castle Inc.
First Quarter 2024
| COMPANY OVERVIEW | OUTLOOK | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIALS | CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW | TOWERS SEGMENT | FIBER SEGMENT | APPENDIX | ||||||||||||||
| CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS (Unaudited) | |||||||||||
| Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||
| (in millions, except per share amounts) | 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||
| Net revenues: | |||||||||||
| Site rental | $ | 1,588 | $ | 1,624 | |||||||
| Services and other | 53 | 149 | |||||||||
| Net revenues | 1,641 | 1,773 | |||||||||
| Operating expenses: | |||||||||||
Costs of operations:(a) | |||||||||||
| Site rental | 430 | 415 | |||||||||
| Services and other | 34 | 104 | |||||||||
| Selling, general and administrative | 183 | 195 | |||||||||
| Asset write-down charges | 6 | — | |||||||||
| Depreciation, amortization and accretion | 439 | 431 | |||||||||
| Restructuring charges | 11 | — | |||||||||
| Total operating expenses | 1,103 | 1,145 | |||||||||
| Operating income (loss) | 538 | 628 | |||||||||
| Interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs, net | (226) | (202) | |||||||||
| Interest income | 4 | 2 | |||||||||
| Other income (expense) | 2 | (3) | |||||||||
| Income (loss) before income taxes | 318 | 425 | |||||||||
| Benefit (provision) for income taxes | (7) | (7) | |||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 311 | $ | 418 | |||||||
| Net income (loss), per common share: | |||||||||||
| Basic | $ | 0.72 | $ | 0.97 | |||||||
| Diluted | $ | 0.71 | $ | 0.97 | |||||||
| Weighted-average common shares outstanding: | |||||||||||
| Basic | 434 | 433 | |||||||||
| Diluted | 435 | 434 | |||||||||
(a)Exclusive of depreciation, amortization and accretion shown separately.
27
Crown Castle Inc.
First Quarter 2024
| COMPANY OVERVIEW | OUTLOOK | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIALS | CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW | TOWERS SEGMENT | FIBER SEGMENT | APPENDIX | ||||||||||||||
| CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited) | |||||||||||
| Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||
| (in millions) | 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||
| Cash flows from operating activities: | |||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 311 | $ | 418 | |||||||
| Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used for) operating activities: | |||||||||||
| Depreciation, amortization and accretion | 439 | 431 | |||||||||
| (Gains) losses on retirement of long-term obligations | — | — | |||||||||
| Amortization of deferred financing costs and other non-cash interest | 8 | 7 | |||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense, net | 38 | 41 | |||||||||
| Asset write-down charges | 6 | — | |||||||||
| Deferred income tax (benefit) provision | 4 | 1 | |||||||||
| Other non-cash adjustments, net | 4 | 2 | |||||||||
| Changes in assets and liabilities, excluding the effects of acquisitions: | |||||||||||
| Increase (decrease) in liabilities | (238) | (183) | |||||||||
| Decrease (increase) in assets | 27 | (111) | |||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used for) operating activities | 599 | 606 | |||||||||
| Cash flows from investing activities: | |||||||||||
| Capital expenditures | (320) | (341) | |||||||||
| Payments for acquisitions, net of cash acquired | (1) | (67) | |||||||||
| Other investing activities, net | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used for) investing activities | (320) | (407) | |||||||||
| Cash flows from financing activities: | |||||||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt | — | 999 | |||||||||
| Principal payments on debt and other long-term obligations | (14) | (19) | |||||||||
| Purchases and redemptions of long-term debt | — | — | |||||||||
| Borrowings under revolving credit facility | — | 1,434 | |||||||||
| Payments under revolving credit facility | (670) | (1,305) | |||||||||
| Net borrowings (repayments) under commercial paper program | 1,138 | (524) | |||||||||
| Payments for financing costs | — | (10) | |||||||||
| Purchases of common stock | (27) | (28) | |||||||||
| Dividends/distributions paid on common stock | (688) | (686) | |||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities | (261) | (139) | |||||||||
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents | 18 | 60 | |||||||||
| Effect of exchange rate changes on cash | (1) | 1 | |||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | 281 | 327 | |||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | 298 | $ | 388 | |||||||
| Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: | |||||||||||
| Interest paid | 282 | 249 | |||||||||
| Income taxes paid (refunded) | — | (2) | |||||||||
28
Crown Castle Inc.
First Quarter 2024
| COMPANY OVERVIEW | OUTLOOK | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIALS | CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW | TOWERS SEGMENT | FIBER SEGMENT | APPENDIX | ||||||||||||||
| SEGMENT OPERATING RESULTS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 | Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in millions) | Towers | Fiber | Other | Total | Towers | Fiber | Other | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment site rental revenues | $ | 1,068 | $ | 520 | $ | 1,588 | $ | 1,081 | $ | 543 | $ | 1,624 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment services and other revenues | 46 | 7 | 53 | 146 | 3 | 149 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment revenues | 1,114 | 527 | 1,641 | 1,227 | 546 | 1,773 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment site rental costs of operations | 239 | 182 | 421 | 234 | 172 | 406 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment services and other costs of operations | 28 | 4 | 32 | 99 | 2 | 101 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Segment costs of operations(a)(b) | 267 | 186 | 453 | 333 | 174 | 507 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Segment site rental gross margin(c) | 829 | 338 | 1,167 | 847 | 371 | 1,218 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Segment services and other gross margin(c) | 18 | 3 | 21 | 47 | 1 | 48 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Segment selling, general and administrative expenses(b) | 21 | 47 | 68 | 31 | 49 | 80 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Segment operating profit(c) | 826 | 294 | 1,120 | 863 | 323 | 1,186 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other selling, general and administrative expenses(b) | $ | 84 | 84 | $ | 82 | 82 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense, net | 38 | 38 | 41 | 41 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation, amortization and accretion | 439 | 439 | 431 | 431 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Restructuring charges(d) | 11 | 11 | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs, net | 226 | 226 | 202 | 202 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other (income) expenses to reconcile to income (loss) before income taxes(e) | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) before income taxes | $ | 318 | $ | 425 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(a)Exclusive of depreciation, amortization and accretion shown separately.
(b)Segment costs of operations exclude (1) stock-based compensation expense, net of $7 million and $8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively and (2) prepaid lease purchase price adjustments of $4 million for each of the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. Segment selling, general and administrative expenses and other selling, general and administrative expenses exclude stock-based compensation expense, net of $31 million and $33 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
(c)See "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information" for a discussion and our definitions of segment site rental gross margin, segment services and other gross margin and segment operating profit.
(d)For information regarding the Company's restructuring plan announced in July 2023, see Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.
(e)See condensed consolidated statement of operations for further information.
29
Crown Castle Inc.
First Quarter 2024
| COMPANY OVERVIEW | OUTLOOK | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIALS | CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW | TOWERS SEGMENT | FIBER SEGMENT | APPENDIX | ||||||||||||||
| NON-GAAP MEASURES AND OTHER INFORMATION | ||
This Supplement includes presentations of Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted Funds from Operations ("AFFO"), including per share amounts, Funds from Operations ("FFO"), including per share amounts, Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings, including as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations, Net Debt, Net Debt to Last Quarter Annualized Adjusted EBITDA, Consolidated Return on Invested Capital and Segment Cash Yield on Invested Capital, which are non-GAAP financial measures. These non-GAAP financial measures are not intended as alternative measures of operating results or cash flow from operations (as determined in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles ("GAAP")).
Our non-GAAP financial measures may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies, including other companies in the communications infrastructure sector or other REITs.
In addition to the non-GAAP financial measures used herein, we also provide segment site rental gross margin, segment services and other gross margin and segment operating profit, which are key measures used by management to evaluate our operating segments. These segment measures are provided pursuant to GAAP requirements related to segment reporting. In addition, we provide the components of certain GAAP measures, such as site rental revenues and capital expenditures.
Our non-GAAP financial measures are presented as additional information because management believes these measures are useful indicators of the financial performance of our business. Among other things, management believes that:
•Adjusted EBITDA is useful to investors or other interested parties in evaluating our financial performance. Adjusted EBITDA is the primary measure used by management (1) to evaluate the economic productivity of our operations and (2) for purposes of making decisions about allocating resources to, and assessing the performance of, our operations. Management believes that Adjusted EBITDA helps investors or other interested parties meaningfully evaluate and compare the results of our operations (1) from period to period and (2) to our competitors, by removing the impact of our capital structure (primarily interest charges from our outstanding debt) and asset base (primarily depreciation, amortization and accretion) from our financial results. Management also believes Adjusted EBITDA is frequently used by investors or other interested parties in the evaluation of the communications infrastructure sector and other REITs to measure financial performance without regard to items such as depreciation, amortization and accretion, which can vary depending upon accounting methods and the book value of assets. In addition, Adjusted EBITDA is similar to the measure of current financial performance generally used in our debt covenant calculations. Adjusted EBITDA should be considered only as a supplement to net income (loss) computed in accordance with GAAP as a measure of our performance.
•AFFO, including per share amounts, is useful to investors or other interested parties in evaluating our financial performance. Management believes that AFFO helps investors or other interested parties meaningfully evaluate our financial performance as it includes (1) the impact of our capital structure (primarily interest expense on our outstanding debt and dividends on our preferred stock (in periods where applicable)) and (2) sustaining capital expenditures, and excludes the impact of our (1) asset base (primarily depreciation, amortization and accretion) and (2) certain non-cash items, including straight-lined revenues and expenses related to fixed escalations and rent free periods. GAAP requires rental revenues and expenses related to leases that contain specified rental increases over the life of the lease to be recognized evenly over the life of the lease. In accordance with GAAP, if payment terms call for fixed escalations or rent free periods, the revenues or expenses are recognized on a straight-lined basis over the fixed, non-cancelable term of the contract. Management notes that Crown Castle uses AFFO only as a performance measure. AFFO should be considered only as a supplement to net income (loss) computed in accordance with GAAP as a measure of our performance and should not be considered as an alternative to cash flow from operations or as residual cash flow available for discretionary investment.
•FFO, including per share amounts, is useful to investors or other interested parties in evaluating our financial performance. Management believes that FFO may be used by investors or other interested parties as a basis to compare our financial performance with that of other REITs. FFO helps investors or other interested parties meaningfully evaluate financial performance by excluding the impact of our asset base (primarily real estate depreciation, amortization and accretion). FFO is not a key performance indicator used by Crown Castle. FFO should be considered only as a supplement to net income (loss) computed in accordance with GAAP as a measure of our performance and should not be considered as an alternative to cash flow from operations.
•Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings is useful to investors or other interested parties in understanding the components of the year-over-year changes in our site rental revenues computed in accordance with GAAP. Management uses Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings to assess year-over-year growth rates for our rental activities, to evaluate current performance, to capture trends in rental rates, core leasing activities and tenant non-renewals in our core business, as well as to forecast future results. Separately, we are also disclosing Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations, which is outside of ordinary course, to provide further insight into our results of operations and underlying trends. Management believes that identifying the impact for Sprint Cancellations provides increased transparency and comparability across periods. Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings (including as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations) is not meant as an alternative measure of revenue and should be considered only as a supplement in understanding and assessing the performance of our site rental revenues computed in accordance with GAAP.
•Net Debt is useful to investors or other interested parties in evaluating our overall debt position and future debt capacity. Management uses Net Debt in assessing our leverage. Net Debt is not meant as an alternative measure of debt and should be considered only as a supplement in understanding and assessing our leverage.
30
Crown Castle Inc.
First Quarter 2024
| COMPANY OVERVIEW | OUTLOOK | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIALS | CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW | TOWERS SEGMENT | FIBER SEGMENT | APPENDIX | ||||||||||||||
•Net Debt to Last Quarter Annualized Adjusted EBITDA is useful to investors or other interested parties, specifically credit rating agencies, in analyzing our operating performance in the context of targeted financial leverage. Management uses Net Debt to Last Quarter Annualized Adjusted EBITDA in assessing our leverage. Net Debt to Last Quarter Annualized Adjusted EBITDA is not meant as an alternative to GAAP measures such as debt and net income (loss) computed in accordance with GAAP. Net Debt to Last Quarter Annualized Adjusted EBITDA should be considered only as a supplement in understanding and assessing our leverage.
•Consolidated Return on Invested Capital and Segment Cash Yield on Invested Capital are useful to investors or other interested parties in evaluating the financial performance of our assets. Management believes that these metrics are useful in assessing our efficiency at allocating capital to generate returns over time. Consolidated Return on Invested Capital and Segment Cash Yield on Invested Capital are not meant as alternatives to GAAP measures such as revenues, operating income, segment site rental gross margin, and certain asset classes (such as property and equipment, site rental contracts and tenant relationships, and goodwill) computed in accordance with GAAP. Such non-GAAP metrics should be considered only as a supplement in understanding and assessing the performance of our assets.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Adjusted EBITDA. We define Adjusted EBITDA as net income (loss) plus restructuring charges (credits), asset write-down charges, acquisition and integration costs, depreciation, amortization and accretion, amortization of prepaid lease purchase price adjustments, interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs, net, (gains) losses on retirement of long-term obligations, net (gain) loss on interest rate swaps, (gains) losses on foreign currency swaps, impairment of available-for-sale securities, interest income, other (income) expense, (benefit) provision for income taxes, net (income) loss from discontinued operations, (gain) loss on sale of discontinued operations, cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle and stock-based compensation expense, net.
AFFO. We define AFFO as FFO before straight-lined revenues, straight-lined expenses, stock-based compensation expense, net, non-cash portion of tax provision, non-real estate related depreciation, amortization and accretion, amortization of non-cash interest expense, other (income) expense, (gains) losses on retirement of long-term obligations, net (gain) loss on interest rate swaps, (gains) losses on foreign currency swaps, impairment of available-for-sale securities, acquisition and integration costs, restructuring charges (credits), net (income) loss from discontinued operations, (gain) loss on sale of discontinued operations, cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle and adjustments for noncontrolling interests, less sustaining capital expenditures.
AFFO per share. We define AFFO per share as AFFO divided by diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding.
FFO. We define FFO as net income (loss) plus real estate related depreciation, amortization and accretion and asset write-down charges, less noncontrolling interest and cash paid for preferred stock dividends (in periods where applicable), and is a measure of funds from operations attributable to common stockholders.
FFO per share. We define FFO per share as FFO divided by diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding.
Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings. We define Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as the sum of the change in site rental revenues related to core leasing activity, escalators and payments for Sprint Cancellations, less non-renewals of tenant contracts and non-renewals associated with Sprint Cancellations. Additionally, Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings as Adjusted for Impact of Sprint Cancellations reflects Organic Contribution to Site Rental Billings less payments for Sprint Cancellations, plus non-renewals associated with Sprint Cancellations.
Net Debt. We define Net Debt as (1) debt and other long-term obligations and (2) current maturities of debt and other obligations, excluding unamortized adjustments, net; less cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents.
Net Debt to Last Quarter Annualized Adjusted EBITDA. We define Net Debt to Last Quarter Annualized Adjusted EBITDA as Net Debt divided by the most recent quarter's Adjusted EBITDA multiplied by four.
Consolidated Invested Capital. We define Consolidated Invested Capital as the historical gross investment in (1) property and equipment (excluding the impact of construction in process), (2) site rental contracts and tenant relationships and (3) goodwill.
Consolidated Return on Invested Capital. We define Consolidated Return on Invested Capital as Adjusted EBITDA less cash taxes paid divided by Consolidated Invested Capital.
Segment Net Invested Capital. We define Segment Net Invested Capital as the investment in (1) property and equipment, excluding the impact of construction in process and non-productive assets (such as information technology assets and buildings), reduced by the amount of prepaid rent received from tenants (excluding any deferred credits recorded in connection with acquisitions), (2) site rental contracts and tenant relationships, and (3) goodwill, excluding the impact of certain assets and liabilities recorded in connection with acquisitions (primarily deferred credits).
Segment Cash Yield on Invested Capital. We define Segment Cash Yield on Invested Capital as segment site rental gross margin adjusted for the impacts of (1) amortization of prepaid rent, (2) straight-lined revenues, (3) straight-lined expenses and (4) indirect labor costs related to the Fiber segment divided by Segment Net Invested Capital.
Segment Measures
Segment site rental gross margin. We define segment site rental gross margin as segment site rental revenues less segment site rental costs of operations, excluding stock-based compensation expense, net and amortization of prepaid lease purchase price adjustments recorded in consolidated site rental costs of operations.
31
Crown Castle Inc.
First Quarter 2024
| COMPANY OVERVIEW | OUTLOOK | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIALS | CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW | TOWERS SEGMENT | FIBER SEGMENT | APPENDIX | ||||||||||||||
Segment services and other gross margin. We define segment services and other gross margin as segment services and other revenues less segment services and other costs of operations, excluding stock-based compensation expense, net recorded in consolidated services and other costs of operations.
Segment operating profit. We define segment operating profit as segment site rental gross margin plus segment services and other gross margin, less segment selling, general and administrative expenses.
All of these measurements of profit or loss are exclusive of depreciation, amortization and accretion, which are shown separately. Additionally, certain costs are shared across segments and are reflected in our segment measures through allocations that management believes to be reasonable.
Other Information
Site rental billings. We define site rental billings as site rental revenues exclusive of the impacts from (1) straight-lined revenues, (2) amortization of prepaid rent in accordance with GAAP and (3) contribution from recent acquisitions until the one-year anniversary of such acquisitions.
Core leasing activity. We define core leasing activity as site rental revenues growth from tenant additions across our entire portfolio and renewals or extensions of tenant contracts, exclusive of (1) the impacts from both straight-lined revenues and amortization of prepaid rent in accordance with GAAP and (2) payments for Sprint Cancellations, where applicable.
Non-renewals. We define non-renewals of tenant contracts as the reduction in site rental revenues as a result of tenant churn, terminations and, in limited circumstances, reductions of existing lease rates, exclusive of non-renewals associated with Sprint Cancellations, where applicable.
Discretionary capital expenditures. We define discretionary capital expenditures as those capital expenditures made with respect to activities which we believe exhibit sufficient potential to enhance long-term stockholder value. They primarily consist of expansion or development of communications infrastructure (including capital expenditures related to (1) enhancing communications infrastructure in order to add new tenants for the first time or support subsequent tenant equipment augmentations or (2) modifying the structure of a communications infrastructure asset to accommodate additional tenants) and construction of new communications infrastructure. Discretionary capital expenditures also include purchases of land interests (which primarily relates to land assets under towers as we seek to manage our interests in the land beneath our towers), certain technology-related investments necessary to support and scale future customer demand for our communications infrastructure, and other capital projects.
Sustaining capital expenditures. We define sustaining capital expenditures as those capital expenditures not otherwise categorized as discretionary capital expenditures, such as (1) maintenance capital expenditures on our communications infrastructure assets that enable our tenants' ongoing quiet enjoyment of the communications infrastructure and (2) ordinary corporate capital expenditures.
Sprint Cancellations. We define Sprint Cancellations as lease cancellations related to the previously disclosed T-Mobile US, Inc. and Sprint network consolidation as described in our press release dated April 19, 2023.
32
Crown Castle Inc.
First Quarter 2024
| COMPANY OVERVIEW | OUTLOOK | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIALS | CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW | TOWERS SEGMENT | FIBER SEGMENT | APPENDIX | ||||||||||||||
Reconciliation of Historical Adjusted EBITDA:
| 2023 | 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(in millions; totals may not sum due to rounding) | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 418 | $ | 445 | $ | 265 | $ | 361 | $ | 311 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Adjustments to increase (decrease) net income (loss) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asset write-down charges | — | 22 | 8 | 3 | 6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Acquisition and integration costs | — | 1 | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation, amortization and accretion | 431 | 445 | 439 | 439 | 439 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Restructuring charges(a) | — | — | 72 | 13 | 11 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of prepaid lease purchase price adjustments | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs, net(b) | 202 | 208 | 217 | 223 | 226 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Gains) losses on retirement of long-term obligations | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | (2) | (5) | (3) | (5) | (4) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other (income) expense | 3 | 2 | — | 2 | (2) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Benefit) provision for income taxes | 7 | 7 | 7 | 5 | 7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense, net | 41 | 50 | 36 | 31 | 38 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjusted EBITDA(c)(d) | $ | 1,104 | $ | 1,188 | $ | 1,047 | $ | 1,076 | $ | 1,036 | |||||||||||||||||||
Reconciliation of Outlook for Adjusted EBITDA:
(in millions; totals may not sum due to rounding) | Full Year 2024 Outlook(f) | ||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $1,213 | to | $1,293 | ||||||||
| Adjustments to increase (decrease) net income (loss): | |||||||||||
| Asset write-down charges | $42 | to | $52 | ||||||||
| Acquisition and integration costs | $0 | to | $6 | ||||||||
| Depreciation, amortization and accretion | $1,680 | to | $1,775 | ||||||||
Restructuring charges(a) | $0 | to | $15 | ||||||||
| Amortization of prepaid lease purchase price adjustments | $15 | to | $17 | ||||||||
Interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs, net(e) | $933 | to | $978 | ||||||||
| (Gains) losses on retirement of long-term obligations | $0 | to | $0 | ||||||||
| Interest income | $(12) | to | $(11) | ||||||||
| Other (income) expense | $0 | to | $9 | ||||||||
| (Benefit) provision for income taxes | $20 | to | $28 | ||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense, net | $142 | to | $146 | ||||||||
Adjusted EBITDA(c)(d) | $4,138 | to | $4,188 | ||||||||
(a)For information regarding the Company's restructuring plan announced in July 2023, see Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.
(b)See the reconciliation of "Components of Interest Expense" for a discussion of non-cash interest expense.
(c)See discussion and our definition of Adjusted EBITDA in this "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information."
(d)The above reconciliation excludes line items included in our definition which are not applicable for the periods shown.
(e)See the reconciliation of "Outlook for Components of Interest Expense" for a discussion of non-cash interest expense.
(f)As issued on April 17, 2024 and unchanged from the previous full year 2024 Outlook issued on January 24, 2024.
33
Crown Castle Inc.
First Quarter 2024
| COMPANY OVERVIEW | OUTLOOK | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIALS | CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW | TOWERS SEGMENT | FIBER SEGMENT | APPENDIX | ||||||||||||||
Reconciliation of Historical FFO and AFFO:
(in millions; totals may not sum due to rounding) | 2023 | 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 418 | $ | 455 | $ | 265 | $ | 361 | $ | 311 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Real estate related depreciation, amortization and accretion | 417 | 424 | 425 | 426 | 425 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asset write-down charges | — | 22 | 8 | 3 | 6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
FFO(a)(b) | $ | 835 | $ | 901 | $ | 698 | $ | 790 | $ | 742 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted-average common shares outstanding—diluted | 434 | 434 | 434 | 434 | 435 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| FFO (from above) | $ | 835 | $ | 901 | $ | 698 | $ | 790 | $ | 742 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Adjustments to increase (decrease) FFO: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Straight-lined revenues | (83) | (80) | (59) | (51) | (59) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Straight-lined expenses | 20 | 18 | 18 | 17 | 17 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense, net | 41 | 50 | 36 | 31 | 38 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-cash portion of tax provision | 9 | (6) | 4 | — | 7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-real estate related depreciation, amortization and accretion | 14 | 21 | 14 | 13 | 14 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of non-cash interest expense | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other (income) expense | 3 | 2 | — | 2 | (2) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Gains) losses on retirement of long-term obligations | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Acquisition and integration costs | — | 1 | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Restructuring charges(c) | — | — | 72 | 13 | 11 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sustaining capital expenditures | (15) | (18) | (21) | (28) | (22) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
AFFO(a)(b) | $ | 828 | $ | 891 | $ | 767 | $ | 790 | $ | 749 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted-average common shares outstanding—diluted | 434 | 434 | 434 | 434 | 435 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
(a)See discussion and our definitions of FFO and AFFO in this "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information."
(b)The above reconciliation excludes line items included in our definition which are not applicable for the periods shown.
(c)For information regarding the Company's restructuring plan announced in July 2023, see Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.
34
Crown Castle Inc.
First Quarter 2024
| COMPANY OVERVIEW | OUTLOOK | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIALS | CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW | TOWERS SEGMENT | FIBER SEGMENT | APPENDIX | ||||||||||||||
Reconciliation of Historical FFO and AFFO per share:
(in millions, except per share amounts; totals may not sum due to rounding) | 2023 | 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 0.96 | $ | 1.05 | $ | 0.61 | $ | 0.83 | $ | 0.72 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Real estate related depreciation, amortization and accretion | 0.96 | 0.98 | 0.98 | 0.98 | 0.98 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asset write-down charges | — | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.01 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
FFO(a)(b) | $ | 1.92 | $ | 2.08 | $ | 1.61 | $ | 1.82 | $ | 1.71 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted-average common shares outstanding—diluted | 434 | 434 | 434 | 434 | 435 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| FFO (from above) | $ | 1.92 | $ | 2.08 | $ | 1.61 | $ | 1.82 | $ | 1.71 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Adjustments to increase (decrease) FFO: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Straight-lined revenues | (0.19) | (0.18) | (0.14) | (0.12) | (0.14) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Straight-lined expenses | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense, net | 0.09 | 0.12 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.09 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-cash portion of tax provision | 0.02 | (0.01) | 0.01 | — | 0.02 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-real estate related depreciation, amortization and accretion | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of non-cash interest expense | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other (income) expense | 0.01 | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Gains) losses on retirement of long-term obligations | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Acquisition and integration costs | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Restructuring charges(c) | — | — | 0.17 | 0.03 | 0.03 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sustaining capital expenditures | (0.03) | (0.04) | (0.05) | (0.06) | (0.05) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
AFFO(a)(b) | $ | 1.91 | $ | 2.05 | $ | 1.77 | $ | 1.82 | $ | 1.72 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted-average common shares outstanding—diluted | 434 | 434 | 434 | 434 | 435 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
(a)See discussion and our definitions of FFO and AFFO, including per share amounts, in this "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information."
(b)The above reconciliation excludes line items included in our definition which are not applicable for the periods shown.
(c)For information regarding the Company's restructuring plan announced in July 2023, see Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.
35
Crown Castle Inc.
First Quarter 2024
| COMPANY OVERVIEW | OUTLOOK | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIALS | CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW | TOWERS SEGMENT | FIBER SEGMENT | APPENDIX | ||||||||||||||
Reconciliation of Outlook for FFO and AFFO:
(in millions; totals may not sum due to rounding) | Full Year 2024 Outlook(c) | ||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $1,213 | to | $1,293 | ||||||||
| Real estate related depreciation, amortization and accretion | $1,634 | to | $1,714 | ||||||||
| Asset write-down charges | $42 | to | $52 | ||||||||
FFO(a)(b) | $2,951 | to | $2,996 | ||||||||
| Weighted-average common shares outstanding—diluted | 435 | ||||||||||
| FFO (from above) | $2,951 | to | $2,996 | ||||||||
| Adjustments to increase (decrease) FFO: | |||||||||||
| Straight-lined revenues | $(197) | to | $(177) | ||||||||
| Straight-lined expenses | $55 | to | $75 | ||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense, net | $142 | to | $146 | ||||||||
| Non-cash portion of tax provision | $2 | to | $17 | ||||||||
| Non-real estate related depreciation, amortization and accretion | $46 | to | $61 | ||||||||
| Amortization of non-cash interest expense | $9 | to | $19 | ||||||||
| Other (income) expense | $0 | to | $9 | ||||||||
| (Gains) losses on retirement of long-term obligations | $0 | to | $0 | ||||||||
| Acquisition and integration costs | $0 | to | $6 | ||||||||
Restructuring charges(d) | $0 | to | $15 | ||||||||
| Sustaining capital expenditures | $(85) | to | $(65) | ||||||||
AFFO(a)(b) | $2,980 | to | $3,030 | ||||||||
| Weighted-average common shares outstanding—diluted | 435 | ||||||||||
Reconciliation of Current Outlook for FFO and AFFO per share:
(in millions, except per share amounts; totals may not sum due to rounding) | Full Year 2024 Outlook Per Share(c) | ||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $2.79 | to | $2.97 | ||||||||
| Real estate related depreciation, amortization and accretion | $3.76 | to | $3.94 | ||||||||
| Asset write-down charges | $0.10 | to | $0.12 | ||||||||
FFO(a)(b) | $6.78 | to | $6.89 | ||||||||
| Weighted-average common shares outstanding—diluted | 435 | ||||||||||
| FFO (from above) | $6.78 | to | $6.89 | ||||||||
| Adjustments to increase (decrease) FFO: | |||||||||||
| Straight-lined revenues | $(0.45) | to | $(0.41) | ||||||||
| Straight-lined expenses | $0.13 | to | $0.17 | ||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense, net | $0.33 | to | $0.34 | ||||||||
| Non-cash portion of tax provision | $0.00 | to | $0.04 | ||||||||
| Non-real estate related depreciation, amortization and accretion | $0.11 | to | $0.14 | ||||||||
| Amortization of non-cash interest expense | $0.02 | to | $0.04 | ||||||||
| Other (income) expense | $0.00 | to | $0.02 | ||||||||
| (Gains) losses on retirement of long-term obligations | $0.00 | to | $0.00 | ||||||||
| Acquisition and integration costs | $0.00 | to | $0.01 | ||||||||
Restructuring charges(d) | $0.00 | to | $0.03 | ||||||||
| Sustaining capital expenditures | $(0.20) | to | $(0.15) | ||||||||
AFFO(a)(b) | $6.85 | to | $6.97 | ||||||||
| Weighted-average common shares outstanding—diluted | 435 | ||||||||||
(a)See discussion and our definitions of FFO and AFFO, including per share amounts, in this "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information.".
(b)The above reconciliation excludes line items included in our definition which are not applicable for the periods shown.
(c)As issued on April 17, 2024 and unchanged from the previous full year 2024 Outlook issued on January 24, 2024.
(d)For information regarding the Company's restructuring plan announced in July 2023, see Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.
36
Crown Castle Inc.
First Quarter 2024
| COMPANY OVERVIEW | OUTLOOK | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIALS | CAPITALIZATION OVERVIEW | TOWERS SEGMENT | FIBER SEGMENT | APPENDIX | ||||||||||||||
Reconciliation of Net Debt and Calculation of Net Debt to Last Quarter Annualized Adjusted EBITDA:
(as of March 31, 2024; dollars in millions) | |||||
| Total debt and other obligations (current and non-current) | $ | 23,414 | |||
| Unamortized adjustments, net | 161 | ||||
| Total face value of debt | 23,575 | ||||
Less: Ending cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents | 298 | ||||
Net Debt(a) | $ | 23,277 | |||
Adjusted EBITDA for the three months ended March 31, 2024(a) | $ | 1,036 | |||
Last quarter annualized Adjusted EBITDA(a) | 4,144 | ||||
Net debt to Last Quarter Annualized Adjusted EBITDA(a) | 5.6 | x | |||
(a)See discussion and our definitions of Net Debt and Net Debt to Last Quarter Adjusted EBITDA in this "Non-GAAP Measures and Other Information."
37