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(a)	See reconciliation of this non-GAAP financial measure to net income (loss) included herein.

(b)	As issued on October 20, 2016.

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•

Site rental revenues. Site rental revenues grew approximately 4%, or $32 million, from fourth quarter 2015 to fourth quarter 2016, inclusive of approximately $39 million in Organic Contribution to Site Rental Revenues plus $10 million in contributions from acquisitions and other items, less a $17 million reduction in straight-line revenues. The $39 million in Organic Contribution to Site Rental Revenues represents approximately 5% growth, comprised of approximately 8% growth from new leasing activity and contracted tenant escalations, net of approximately 3% from tenant non-renewals.

•	Capital expenditures. Capital expenditures during the quarter were approximately $260 million, comprised of approximately $17 million of land purchases, approximately $42 million of sustaining capital expenditures and approximately $201 million of revenue generating capital expenditures.

•	Common stock dividend. During the quarter, Crown Castle paid common stock dividends of approximately $343 million in the aggregate, or $0.95 per common share.

•

Share count. Per share results during fourth quarter and full year 2016 were impacted by 11.4 million shares of common stock issued in November 2016 in contemplation of funding the previously announced acquisition of FPL FiberNet Holdings, LLC and certain other subsidiaries of NextEra Energy, Inc. (collectively, “FiberNet”). The acquisition of FiberNet was completed on January 17, 2017 and did not contribute to results during 2016. The share issuance in November 2016 increased the weighted-average common share outstanding on a diluted basis for fourth quarter and full year 2016 by approximately 7 million shares and 2 million shares, respectively.

(a)	See reconciliation of this non-GAAP financial measure to net income (loss) included herein.

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•

Site rental revenues. Site rental revenues grew approximately 7%, or $215 million, from full year 2015 to full year 2016, inclusive of approximately $189 million in Organic Contribution to Site Rental Revenues plus $90 million in contributions from acquisitions and other items, less a $64 million reduction in straight-line revenues. The $189 million in Organic Contribution to Site Rental Revenues represents approximately 6% growth, comprised of approximately 9% growth from new leasing activity and contracted tenant escalations, net of approximately 3% from tenant non-renewals.

•	Capital expenditures. Capital expenditures during the year were approximately $874 million, comprised of approximately $75 million of land purchases, approximately $90 million of sustaining capital expenditures and approximately $709 million of revenue generating capital expenditures.

•	Common stock dividend. During the year, Crown Castle paid common stock dividends of approximately $1.2 billion in the aggregate, or $3.605 per common share.

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(a)	See reconciliation of this non-GAAP financial measure to net income (loss) included herein.

(b)	See the reconciliation of "components of interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs" herein for a discussion of non-cash interest expense.

(c)	The assumption for first quarter 2017 and full year 2017 diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding is based on diluted common shares outstanding as of December 31, 2016.

(a)	See reconciliation of this non-GAAP financial measure to net income (loss) included herein.

(b)	As issued on October 20, 2016. Represents midpoint of Outlook.

(c)	The assumption for full year 2017 diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding is based on diluted common shares outstanding as of December 31, 2016.

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•	The increase in full year 2017 Outlook primarily reflects an expected increase in operating results before the acquisition of FiberNet and, separately, the expected contribution from FiberNet, which closed on January 17, 2017, partially offset by expected higher interest expense.

•	The chart below reconciles the components of expected growth from 2016 to 2017 in site rental revenues of $235 million to $265 million, including expected Organic Contribution to Site Rental Revenues of approximately $140 million to $170 million.

•

At the midpoint and compared to the previously provided full year 2017 Outlook, the increases to full year 2017 Outlook for site rental revenues and site rental gross margin of $154 million and $115 million, respectively, include expected contribution to site rental revenues and site rental gross margin of approximately $150 million and approximately $105 million, respectively, from FiberNet. General and administrative expenses related to FiberNet are expected to be approximately $20 million at the midpoint of full year 2017 Outlook.

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•	The chart below reconciles the components of expected growth in AFFO from 2016 to 2017 of approximately $206 million at the midpoint.

•	Network services gross margin contribution for first quarter and full year 2017 is expected to be approximately $57 million to $62 million and $235 million to $255 million, respectively.

•	Additional information is available in Crown Castle's quarterly Supplemental Information Package posted in the Investors section of its website.

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•

Adjusted EBITDA is useful to investors or other interested parties in evaluating our financial performance. Adjusted EBITDA is the primary measure used by management (1) to evaluate the economic productivity of our operations and (2) for purposes of making decisions about allocating resources to, and assessing the performance of, our operations. Management believes that Adjusted EBITDA helps investors or other interested parties meaningfully evaluate and compare the results of our operations (1) from period to period and (2) to our competitors, by excluding the impact of our capital structure (primarily interest charges from our outstanding debt) and asset base (primarily depreciation, amortization and accretion) from our financial results. Management also believes Adjusted EBITDA is frequently used by investors or other interested parties in the evaluation of REITs. In addition, Adjusted EBITDA is similar to the measure of current financial performance generally used in our debt covenant calculations. Adjusted EBITDA should be considered only as a supplement to net income computed in accordance with GAAP as a measure of our performance.

•

AFFO is useful to investors or other interested parties in evaluating our financial performance. Management believes that AFFO helps investors or other interested parties meaningfully evaluate our financial performance as they include (1) the impact of our capital structure (primarily interest expense on our outstanding debt and dividends on our preferred stock) and (2) sustaining capital expenditures, and exclude the impact of our (1) asset base (primarily depreciation, amortization and accretion) and (2) certain non-cash items, including straight-lined revenues and expenses related to fixed escalations and rent free periods. GAAP requires rental revenues and expenses related to leases that contain specified rental increases over the life of the lease to be recognized evenly over the life of the lease. In accordance with GAAP, if payment terms call for fixed escalations, or rent free periods, the revenue or expense is recognized on a straight-lined basis over the fixed, non-cancelable term of the contract. Management notes that the Company uses AFFO only as a performance measure. AFFO should be considered only as a supplement to net income computed in accordance with GAAP as a measure of our performance and should not be considered as an alternative to cash flows from operations or as residual cash flow available for discretionary investment.

•

FFO is useful to investors or other interested parties in evaluating our financial performance. Management believes that FFO may be used by investors or other interested parties as a basis to compare our financial performance with that of other REITs. FFO helps investors or other interested parties meaningfully evaluate financial performance by excluding the impact of our asset base (primarily depreciation, amortization and accretion). FFO is not a key performance indicator used by the Company. FFO should be considered only as a supplement to net income computed in accordance with GAAP as a measure of our performance and should not be considered as an alternative to cash flow from operations.

•

Organic Contribution to Site Rental Revenues is useful to investors or other interested parties in understanding the components of the year-over year changes in our site rental revenues computed in accordance with GAAP. Management uses the Organic Contribution to Site Rental Revenues to assess year-over-year growth rates for our rental activities, to evaluate current performance, to capture trends in rental rates, new leasing activities and customer non-renewals in our core business, as well to forecast future results. Organic Contribution to Site Rental Revenues is not meant as an alternative measure of revenue and should be considered only as a supplement in understanding and assessing the performance of our site rental revenues computed in accordance with GAAP.

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(a)	See the reconciliation of "components of interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs" herein for a discussion of non-cash interest expense.

(b)	The above reconciliation excludes line items included in our definition which are not applicable for the periods shown.

(a)	See the reconciliation of "components of interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs" herein for a discussion of non-cash interest expense.

(b)	The above reconciliation excludes line items included in our definition which are not applicable for the periods shown.

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(a)	Exclusive of income (loss) from discontinued operations and related noncontrolling interest of $(1.7) million and $1.0 billion for the three months ended December 31, 2015 and twelve months ended December 31, 2015, respectively.

(b)	See "Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Other Calculations" herein for a discussion of our definitions of FFO and AFFO.

(c)	FFO and AFFO are reduced by cash paid for preferred stock dividends.

(d)

Diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding were 352.9 million, 334.3 million, 340.9 million and 334.1 million for the three months ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, and the twelve months ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding for the three months ended December 31, 2015 and twelve months ended December 31, 2015 assumes no conversion of preferred stock in the share count.

(e)	The above reconciliation excludes line items included in our definition which are not applicable for the periods shown.

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(a)	The assumption for first quarter 2017 and full year 2017 diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding is 361 million based on diluted common shares outstanding as of December 31, 2016.

(b)	See "Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Other Calculations" herein for a discussion for our definitions of FFO and AFFO.

(c)	The above reconciliation excludes line items included in our definition which are not applicable for the periods shown.

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(a)	The above reconciliation excludes line items included in our definition which are not applicable for the periods shown.

(a)	Previously issued fourth quarter 2016 and full year 2016 outlook assumes diluted weighted average common shares outstanding of approximately 346 million shares and 340 million shares, respectively, based on (1) diluted common shares outstanding as of September 30, 2016 and (2) the assumed conversion of the mandatory convertible preferred stock in November 2016.

(b)	See "Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Other Calculations" herein for a discussion for our definitions of FFO and AFFO.

(c)	FFO and AFFO are reduced by cash paid for preferred stock dividends.

(d)	The above reconciliation excludes line items included in our definition which are not applicable for the periods shown.

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(a)	Includes revenues from amortization of prepaid rent in accordance with GAAP.

(b)	The financial impact of acquisitions, as measured by the initial contribution, and tower builds is excluded from Organic Contribution to Site Rental Revenues until the one-year anniversary of the acquisition or build.

(c)	Includes revenues from the construction of new small cell nodes, exclusive of straight-lined revenues related to fixed escalators.

(d)	See "Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Other Calculations" herein.

(e)	Calculated as the percentage change from prior year site rental revenues exclusive of straight-line associated with fixed escalations compared to Organic Contribution to Site Rental Revenues for the current period.

(f)	Additional information regarding Crown Castle's site rental revenues including projected revenue from customer licenses, tenant non-renewals, straight-lined revenues and prepaid rent is available in Crown Castle's quarterly Supplemental Information Package posted in the Investors section of its website.

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(a)	Includes revenues from amortization of prepaid rent in accordance with GAAP.

(b)	The financial impact of acquisitions, as measured by the initial contribution, and tower builds is excluded from Organic Contribution to Site Rental Revenues until the one-year anniversary of the acquisition or build.

(c)	Includes revenues from the construction of new small cell nodes, exclusive of straight-lined revenues related to fixed escalators.

(d)	See "Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Other Calculations" herein.

(e)	Calculated as the percentage change from prior year site rental revenues exclusive of straight-lined associated with fixed escalations compared to Organic Contribution to Site Rental Revenues for the current period.

(f)	Calculated based on midpoint of Full Year 2017 Outlook.

(g)	Additional information regarding Crown Castle's site rental revenues including projected revenue from customer licenses, tenant non-renewals, straight-lined revenues and prepaid rent is available in Crown Castle's quarterly Supplemental Information Package posted in the Investors section of its website.

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(a)	The Senior Secured Notes, Series 2009-1, Class A-1 principal amortizes during the period beginning January 2010 and ending in 2019 and the Senior Secured Notes, 2009-1, Class A-2 principal amortizes during the period beginning in 2019 and ending in 2029.

(b)	The Senior Secured Tower Revenue Notes, Series 2010-3 and 2010-6 have anticipated repayment dates in 2020. The Senior Secured Tower Revenue Notes, Series 2015-1 and 2015-2 have anticipated repayment dates in 2022 and 2025, respectively.

(c)	After giving effect to the closing of the FiberNet acquisition, the outstanding borrowings under the 2016 Revolver total approximately $1.1 billion.

(d)	Excludes restricted cash.

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(a)	After giving effect to the closing of the FiberNet acquisition, the total face value of debt and ending cash and cash equivalents for the three months ended December 31, 2016 was $13.3 billion and $116 million, respectively. See full year 2017 outlook for further discussion of the impact of the FiberNet acquisition.

(b)	Excludes restricted cash.

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•	Our business depends on the demand for our wireless infrastructure, driven primarily by demand for wireless connectivity, and we may be adversely affected by any slowdown in such demand. Additionally, a reduction in carrier network investment may materially and adversely affect our business (including reducing demand for new tenant additions and network services).

•	A substantial portion of our revenues is derived from a small number of customers, and the loss, consolidation or financial instability of any of our limited number of customers may materially decrease revenues or reduce demand for our wireless infrastructure and network services.

•	The business model for our small cell operations contains differences from our traditional site rental business, resulting in different operational risks. If we do not successfully operate that business model or identify or manage those operational risks, such operations may produce results that are less than anticipated.

•	Our substantial level of indebtedness could adversely affect our ability to react to changes in our business, and the terms of our debt instruments limit our ability to take a number of actions that our management might otherwise believe to be in our best interests. In addition, if we fail to comply with our covenants, our debt could be accelerated.

•	We have a substantial amount of indebtedness. In the event we do not repay or refinance such indebtedness, we could face substantial liquidity issues and might be required to issue equity securities or securities convertible into equity securities, or sell some of our assets to meet our debt payment obligations.

•	Sales or issuances of a substantial number of shares of our common stock may adversely affect the market price of our common stock.

•	As a result of competition in our industry, we may find it more difficult to achieve favorable rental rates on our new or renewing tenant leases.

•	New technologies may reduce demand for our wireless infrastructure or negatively impact our revenues.

•	The expansion and development of our business, including through acquisitions, increased product offerings or other strategic growth opportunities, may cause disruptions in our business, which may have an adverse effect on our business, operations or financial results.

•	If we fail to retain rights to our wireless infrastructure, including the land interests under our towers, our business may be adversely affected.

•	Our network services business has historically experienced significant volatility in demand, which reduces the predictability of our results.

•	New wireless technologies may not deploy or be adopted by customers as rapidly or in the manner projected.

•	If we fail to comply with laws and regulations which regulate our business and which may change at any time, we may be fined or even lose our right to conduct some of our business.

•	If radio frequency emissions from wireless handsets or equipment on our wireless infrastructure are demonstrated to cause negative health effects, potential future claims could adversely affect our operations, costs or revenues.

•	Certain provisions of our restated certificate of incorporation, amended and restated by-laws and operative agreements, and domestic and international competition laws may make it more difficult for a third party to acquire control of us or for us to acquire control of a third party, even if such a change in control would be beneficial to our stockholders.

•	We may be vulnerable to security breaches that could adversely affect our business, operations, and reputation.

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•

Future dividend payments to our stockholders will reduce the availability of our cash on hand available to fund future discretionary investments, and may result in a need to incur indebtedness or issue equity securities to fund growth opportunities. In such event, the then current economic, credit market or equity market conditions will impact the availability or cost of such financing, which may hinder our ability to grow our per share results of operations.

•	Remaining qualified to be taxed as a REIT involves highly technical and complex provisions of the US Internal Revenue Code. Failure to remain qualified as a REIT would result in our inability to deduct dividends to stockholders when computing our taxable income, which would reduce our available cash.

•	Complying with REIT requirements, including the 90% distribution requirement, may limit our flexibility or cause us to forgo otherwise attractive opportunities, including certain discretionary investments and potential financing alternatives.

•	We have limited experience operating as a REIT. Our failure to successfully operate as a REIT may adversely affect our financial condition, cash flow, the per share trading price of our common stock, or our ability to satisfy debt service obligations.

•	REIT related ownership limitations and transfer restrictions may prevent or restrict certain transfers of our capital stock.

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(a)	Inclusive of cash and cash equivalents included in discontinued operations.

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(a)

Segment cost of operations exclude (1) stock-based compensation expense of $4.5 million and $4.0 million for the three months ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively and (2) prepaid lease purchase price adjustments of $5.3 million and $5.1 million for the three months ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Segment general and administrative expenses exclude stock-based compensation expense of $16.8 million and $13.8 million for the three months ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

(c)	See condensed consolidated statement of operations for further information.

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(a)

Segment cost of operations exclude (1) stock-based compensation expense of $22.1 million and $14.3 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively and (2) prepaid lease purchase price adjustments of $21.3 million and $20.5 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Segment general and administrative expenses exclude stock-based compensation expense of $74.5 million and $52.8 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

(c)	See condensed consolidated statement of operations for further information.

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•	our November 2016 common stock offering of approximately $1.0 billion (which increased the weighted-average common shares outstanding on a diluted basis for the fourth quarter and full year 2016 by approximately 7 million shares and 2 million shares, respectively), and

•	borrowings under the 2016 Revolver.

•	contribute site rental revenues of approximately $150 million;

•	contribute site rental gross margin of approximately $105 million; and

•	incur general and administrative expenses of approximately $20 million.

•

Grow cash flows from our wireless infrastructure. We seek to maximize the site rental cash flows derived from our wireless infrastructure by adding tenants on our wireless infrastructure through long-term leases. We believe that there is considerable future demand for our existing wireless infrastructure based on (1) their location and (2) the recent rapid growth in wireless connectivity, which we believe will lead to future growth in the wireless industry. We seek to maximize additional tenancy on our wireless infrastructure by working with wireless customers to quickly provide them access to our wireless infrastructure via tenant additions or modifications of existing tenant equipment installations (collectively, "tenant additions") to enable them to expand coverage and capacity in order to meet increasing demand for wireless connectivity. We expect increases in our site rental cash flows from tenant additions and the related subsequent impact from contracted escalations to result in growth in our operating cash flows as our wireless infrastructure has a controlled cost structure. Substantially all of our

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•

Return cash provided by operating activities to stockholders in the form of dividends. We believe that distributing a meaningful portion of our cash provided by operating activities appropriately provides stockholders with increased certainty for a portion of expected long-term stockholder value while still retaining sufficient flexibility to invest in our business and deliver growth. We believe this decision reflects the translation of the high-quality, long-term contractual cash flows of our business into stable capital returns to stockholders.

•	Invest capital efficiently to grow cash flows and long-term dividends per share. We seek to invest our available capital, including the net cash provided by our operating activities and external financing sources, in a manner that will increase long-term stockholder value on a risk-adjusted basis. Our historical investments have included the following (in no particular order):

◦	purchases of shares of our common stock from time to time;

◦	acquisitions or construction of wireless infrastructure;

◦	acquisitions of land interests under towers;

◦	improvements and structural enhancements to our existing wireless infrastructure; or

◦	purchases, repayment or redemption of our debt.

(1)	See reconciliations and definitions provided herein. See also "Definitions of Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Other Calculations" in the Appendix for a discussion of the definitions of FFO and AFFO.

(2)	AFFO per share represents the midpoint of the full year 2017 outlook as issued on January 25, 2017.

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(1)	Nominating & Corporate Governance Committee

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(1)	Based on the sales price, adjusted for common stock dividends, as reported by Bloomberg.

(2)	Based on the period end closing price, adjusted for common stock dividends, as reported by Bloomberg.

(3)	Period end market value of outstanding common shares is calculated as the product of (a) shares of common stock outstanding at period end and (b) closing share price at period end, adjusted for common stock dividends, as reported by Bloomberg.

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(1)	Excludes small cells and third-party land interests.

(2)	Excludes renewal terms at customers' option.

(3)	Excludes renewal terms at customers' option, weighted by site rental revenues.

(4)	Includes renewal terms at the Company's option, weighted by site rental gross margin.

(5)	See reconciliations of Non-GAAP financial measures provided herein. See also "Definitions of Non-GAAP Measures and Other Calculations" in the Appendix for a discussion of our definitions of FFO and AFFO.

(6)

Based on diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding of 352.9 million, 334.3 million, 340.9 million, and 334.1 million for the three months ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 and twelve months ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding for the three months ended December 31, 2015 and the twelve months ended December 31, 2015 assumes no conversion of preferred stock in the share count.

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(1)	Includes net cash used for acquisitions of approximately $11.7 million and $18.9 million for the three months ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and $556.9 million and $1.1 billion for the twelve months ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

(2)	Balances reflect debt issuance costs as a direct reduction from the respective carrying amounts of debt, with the exception of debt issuance costs associated with the Company's revolving credit facilities.

(3)	The assumption for first quarter 2017 and full year 2017 diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding is 361 million based on diluted common shares outstanding as of December 31, 2016.

(4)	See reconciliation of this non-GAAP financial measure to net income (loss) included herein.

(5)	See the reconciliation of "components of interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs" in the Appendix.

(6)	Calculated using net income (loss) attributable to CCIC common stockholders.

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(1)	Includes revenues from amortization of prepaid rent in accordance with GAAP.

(2)	The financial impact of acquisitions, as measured by the initial contribution, and tower builds is excluded from Organic Contribution to Site Rental Revenues until the one-year anniversary of the acquisition or build.

(3)	Includes revenues from the construction of new small cell nodes, exclusive of straight-lined revenues related to fixed escalators.

(4)	See definitions provided herein.

(5)	Calculated as the percentage change from prior year site rental revenues exclusive of straight-lined associated with fixed escalations compared to Organic Contribution to Site Rental Revenues for the current period.

(6)	Calculated based on midpoint of Full Year 2017 Outlook.

(7)	See additional information regarding Crown Castle's site rental revenues including projected revenue from customer licenses, tenant non-renewals, straight-lined revenues and prepaid rent herein.

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(1)

Segment cost of operations exclude (1) stock-based compensation expense of $4.5 million and $4.0 million for the three months ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively and (2) prepaid lease purchase price adjustments of $5.3 million and $5.1 million for the three months ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Segment general and administrative expenses exclude stock-based compensation expense of $16.8 million and $13.8 million for the three months ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

(2)	See "Definitions of Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Other Calculations" in the Appendix for a discussion of the definitions of our definitions of segment site rental gross margin, segment network service and other gross margin and segment operating profit.

(3)	See condensed consolidated statement of operations for further information.

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(1)

Segment cost of operations exclude (1) stock-based compensation expense of $22.1 million and $14.3 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively and (2) prepaid lease purchase price adjustments of $21.3 million and $20.5 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Segment general and administrative expenses exclude stock-based compensation expense of $74.5 million and $52.8 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

(2)	See "Definitions of Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Other Calculations" in the Appendix for a discussion of the definitions of our definitions of segment site rental gross margin, segment network service and other gross margin and segment operating profit.

(3)	See condensed consolidated statement of operations for further information.

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(1)	Exclusive of income (loss) from discontinued operations and related noncontrolling interest of $(1.7 million) and $1.0 billion for the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2015, respectively.

(2)	See "Definitions of Non-GAAP Measures and Other Calculations" in the Appendix for a discussion of the definitions of FFO and AFFO.

(3)	FFO and AFFO are reduced by cash paid for preferred stock dividends.

(4)	Based on the diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding for the three months ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 and the twelve months ended December 31, 2016 and 2015. The diluted weighted average common shares outstanding for the three months ended December 31, 2015 and twelve months ended December 31, 2015 assumes no conversion for preferred stock in the share count.

(5)	The above reconciliation excludes line items included in our definition which are not applicable for the periods shown.

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(1)	Inclusive of cash and cash equivalents included in discontinued operations.

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(1)	Includes revenues from amortization of prepaid rent in accordance with GAAP.

(2)	The financial impact of acquisitions, as measured by the initial contribution, and tower builds is excluded from Organic Contribution to Site Rental Revenues until the one-year anniversary of the acquisition or build.

(3)	Includes revenues from the construction of new small cell nodes, exclusive of straight-lined revenues related to fixed escalators.

(4)	See definitions provided herein.

(5)	Calculated as the percentage change from prior year site rental revenues exclusive of straight-line associated with fixed escalations compared to Organic Contribution to Site Rental Revenues for the current period.

(6)	See additional information regarding Crown Castle's site rental revenues including projected revenue from customer licenses, tenant non-renewals, straight-lined revenues and prepaid rent herein.

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(1)	In accordance with GAAP accounting, if payment terms call for fixed escalations, or rent free periods, the revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the fixed, non-cancelable term of the contract. Since the Company recognizes revenue on a straight-line basis, a portion of the site rental revenue in a given period represents cash collected or contractually collectible in other periods.

(2)	Reflects up front payments received from long-term tenant contracts and other deferred credits (commonly referred to as prepaid rent), and the amortization thereof for GAAP revenue recognition purposes.

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(1)	Based on customer licenses as of December 31, 2016. All customer licenses are assumed to renew for a new term at current term end date. CPI-linked customer contracts are assumed to escalate at 3% per annum.

(2)	Based on existing ground leases as of December 31, 2016. CPI-linked leases are assumed to escalate at 3% per annum.

(3)	Reflects lease renewals by year by customer; dollar amounts represent annualized cash site rental revenues from assumed renewals or extension as reflected in the table "Projected Revenue from Customer Contracts."

(1)	Estimated impact to site rental revenues in the applicable period based on the anticipated timing and amount of decommissioning activity, as of December 31, 2016.

(2)	Depending on the eventual network deployment and decommissioning plans of AT&T, T-Mobile and Sprint, the impact and timing of such renewals may vary from Crown Castle's expectations.

(3)	Weighted by site rental revenue contributions; excludes renewals at the customers' option.

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(1)	Yield is calculated as LQA site rental gross margin divided by invested capital.

(2)	Reflects gross total assets, including incremental capital invested by the Company since time of acquisition or construction completion. Inclusive of invested capital related to land at the tower site.

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(1)	Includes towers and rooftops, excludes small cells and third-party land interests.

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(1)	Includes towers and rooftops, excludes small cells and third-party land interests.

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(1)	Includes towers and rooftops, excludes small cells and third-party land interests.

(2)	Includes renewal terms at the Company’s option; weighted by site rental gross margin.

(1)	Includes the impact from the amortization of lump sum payments.

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(1)	Represents the weighted-average stated interest rate.

(1)	Represents the applicable amount of debt divided by LQA consolidated Adjusted EBITDA.

(2)

If the respective series of such debt is not paid in full on or prior to an applicable date then the Excess Cash Flow (as defined in the indenture) of the issuers of such notes will be used to repay principal of the applicable series, and additional interest (of an additional approximately 5% per annum) will accrue on the respective series. The Senior Secured Tower Revenue Notes, Series 2010-3 and 2010-6 have anticipated repayment dates in 2020. The Senior Secured Tower Revenue Notes, Series 2015-1 and 2015-2 have anticipated repayment dates of 2022 and 2025, respectively. Notes are prepayable at par if voluntarily repaid six months or less prior to maturity; earlier prepayment may require additional consideration.

(4)	As of December 31, 2016, the undrawn availability under the $2.5 billion Revolving Credit Facility is $2.5 billion.

(5)	Market capitalization calculated based on $86.77 closing price and 360.5 million shares outstanding as of December 31, 2016.

(6)	Represents the sum of net debt and market capitalization.

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(1)	Where applicable, maturities reflect the Anticipated Repayment Date as defined in the respective debt agreement; excludes capital leases and other obligations; amounts presented at face value net of repurchases held at CCIC.

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(1)

In addition in August 2015, we established an At-The-Market stock offering program ("ATM Program") through which we may, from time to time, issue and sell shares of our common stock having an aggregate cumulative gross sales price of up to $500.0 million to or through sales agents. As of December 31, 2016, 3.8 million shares of common stock were sold under the ATM Program generating net proceeds of $323.8 million.

(2)	Exclusive of restricted cash.

(3)	Availability at any point in time is subject to reaffirmation of the representations and warranties in, and there being no default under, our credit agreement governing our Senior Unsecured Credit Facility.

(4)	Balances reflect debt issuance costs as a direct reduction from the respective carrying amounts of debt, with the exception of debt issuance costs associated with the Company's revolving credit facilities.

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(1)	As defined in the respective debt agreement. In the indentures for the 2010 Tower Revenue Notes, 2015 Tower Revenue Notes, and the 2009 Securitized Notes, the defined term for Debt Service Coverage Ratio is "DSCR".

(2)	Failure to comply with the financial maintenance covenants would, absent a waiver, result in an event of default under the credit agreement governing our 2016 Credit Facility.

(3)	Applicable solely to the extent that the senior unsecured debt rating by any two of S&P, Moody's and Fitch is lower than BBB-, Baa3 or BBB-, respectively. If applicable, the consolidated interest coverage ratio must be greater than or equal to 2.50.

(4)

The 2010 Tower Revenue Notes, 2015 Tower Revenue Notes, and 2009 Securitized Notes also include the potential for amortization events, which could result in applying current and future cash flow to the prepayment of debt with applicable prepayment consideration. An amortization event occurs when the Debt Service Coverage Ratio falls below 1.45x, 1.45x or 1.15x, in each case as described under the indentures for the 2010 Tower Revenue Notes, 2015 Tower Revenue Notes, or 2009 Securitized Notes, respectively.

(5)	Rating Agency Confirmation (as defined in the respective debt agreement) is also required.

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(1)	Excludes capital lease and other obligations.

(2)	Face value net of required amortizations; assumes no maturity or balloon principal payments; excludes capital leases.

(3)	Interest expense calculated based on current interest rates.

(4)	Interest expense calculated based on current interest rates until the sooner of the (1) stated maturity date or (2) the Anticipated Repayment Date, at which time the face value amount outstanding of such indebtedness is refinanced at current rates plus 12.5 bps.

(5)	Interest expense calculated based on current interest rates. Forward LIBOR assumptions are derived from the 1-month LIBOR forward curve as of December 31, 2016. Calculation assumes no changes to future interest rate margin spread over LIBOR due to changes in the Borrower’s senior unsecured credit rating.

(6)	Interest expense calculated based on current interest rates using the 1-month LIBOR forward curve as of December 31, 2016 plus 12.5 bps.

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Adjusted EBITDA is useful to investors or other interested parties in evaluating our financial performance. Adjusted EBITDA is the primary measure used by management (1) to evaluate the economic productivity of our operations and (2) for purposes of making decisions about allocating resources to, and assessing the performance of, our operations. Management believes that Adjusted EBITDA helps investors or other interested parties meaningfully evaluate and compare the results of our operations (1) from period to period and (2) to our competitors, by excluding the impact of our capital structure (primarily interest charges from our outstanding debt) and asset base (primarily depreciation, amortization and accretion) from our financial results. Management also believes Adjusted EBITDA is frequently used by investors or other interested parties in the evaluation of REITs. In addition, Adjusted EBITDA is similar to the measure of current financial performance generally used in our debt covenant calculations. Adjusted EBITDA should be considered only as a supplement to net income computed in accordance with GAAP as a measure of our performance.

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AFFO and AFFO per share are useful to investors or other interested parties in evaluating our financial performance. Management believes that AFFO and AFFO per share help investors or other interested parties meaningfully evaluate our financial performance as they include (1) the impact of our capital structure (primarily interest expense on our outstanding debt and dividends on our preferred stock) and (2) sustaining capital expenditures and exclude the impact of our (1) asset base (primarily depreciation, amortization and accretion) and (2) certain non-cash items, including straight-lined revenues and expenses related to fixed escalations and rent free periods. GAAP requires rental revenues and expenses related to leases that contain specified rental increases over the life of the lease to be recognized evenly over the life of the lease. In accordance with GAAP, if payment terms call for fixed escalations, or rent free periods, the revenue or expense is recognized on a straight-lined basis over the fixed, non-cancelable term of the contract. Management notes that the Company uses AFFO and AFFO per share only as a performance measure. AFFO and AFFO per share should be considered only as a supplement to net income computed in accordance with GAAP as a measure of our performance and should not be considered as an alternative to cash flows from operations or as residual cash flow available for discretionary investment.

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FFO and FFO per share are useful to investors or other interested parties in evaluating our financial performance. Management believes that FFO may be used by investors or other interested parties as a basis to compare our financial performance with that of other REITs. FFO and FFO per share help investors or other interested parties meaningfully evaluate financial performance by excluding the impact of our asset base (primarily depreciation, amortization and accretion). FFO and FFO per share are not key performance indicators used by the Company. FFO and FFO per share should be considered only as a supplement to net income computed in accordance with GAAP as a measure of our performance and should not be considered as an alternative to cash flow from operations.

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Organic Contribution to Site Rental Revenues is useful to investors or other interested parties in understanding the components of the year-over year changes in our site rental revenues computed in accordance with GAAP. Management uses the Organic Contribution to Site Rental Revenues to assess year-over-year growth rates for our rental activities, to evaluate current performance, to capture trends in rental rates, new leasing activities and customer non-renewals in our core business, as well to forecast future results. Organic Contribution to Site Rental Revenues is not meant as an alternative measure of revenue and should be considered only as a supplement in understanding and assessing the performance of our site rental revenues computed in accordance with GAAP.

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(1)	See the reconciliation of "components of interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs" herein.

(2)	The above reconciliation excludes line items included in our definition which are not applicable for the periods shown.

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(1)	See the reconciliation of "components of interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs" herein.

(2)	The above reconciliation excludes line items included in our definition which are not applicable for the periods shown.

(3)	Relates to the amortization of interest rate swaps; the swaps were cash settled in prior periods.

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(1)	Exclusive of income (loss) from discontinued operations and related noncontrolling interest of $(1.7 million) and $1.0 billion for the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2015, respectively.

(2)	See “Definitions of Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Other Calculations” herein for a discussion of our definitions of FFO and AFFO.

(3)	FFO and AFFO are reduced by cash paid for preferred stock dividends.

(4)	Based on the diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding for the three months ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 and the twelve months ended December 31, 2016 and 2015. The diluted weighted average common shares outstanding for the three months ended December 31, 2015 and twelve months ended December 31, 2015 assumes no conversion for preferred stock in the share count.

(5)	The above reconciliation excludes line items included in our definition which are not applicable for the periods shown.

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(3)	Adjusts the income tax provision to reflect our estimate of the cash taxes paid had we been a REIT for all periods presented, and is primarily comprised of foreign taxes. As a result income tax expense (benefit) is lower by the amount of the adjustment.

(4)	See "Definitions of Non-GAAP Measures and Other Calculations" herein for a discussion of our definitions of FFO and AFFO.

(5)	FFO and AFFO are reduced by cash paid for preferred stock dividends.

(6)	Based on the diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding for the twelve months ended December 31, 2015, 2014, 2013, 2012, 2011, 2010, 2009, 2008 and 2007. The diluted weighted average common shares outstanding assumes no conversion for preferred stock in the share count.

(7)	The above reconciliation excludes line items included in our definition which are not applicable for the periods shown.

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(1)	The assumption for first quarter 2017 and full year 2017 diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding is based on diluted common shares outstanding as of December 31, 2016.

(2)	See definitions herein. See also “Definitions of Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Other Calculations” herein for a discussion of our definitions of FFO and AFFO.

(3)	The above reconciliation excludes line items included in our definition which are not applicable for the periods shown.

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