SEC Filing | Crown Castle

================================================================================ UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 --------------- FORM 10-Q --------------- QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the quarterly period ended June 30, 1999 Commission File Number 000-24737 --------------- CROWN CASTLE INTERNATIONAL CORP. (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) DELAWARE 76-0470458 (State or other jurisdiction (I.R.S. Employer of incorporation or organization) Identification No.) 510 BERING DRIVE 77057-1457 SUITE 500 (Zip Code) HOUSTON, TEXAS (Address of principal executive offices) (713) 570-3000 (Registrant's telephone number, including area code) --------------- Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [X] No [_] Number of shares of common stock outstanding at August 1, 1999: Common Stock - 139,993,196 Class A Common Stock - 11,340,000 ================================================================================

CROWN CASTLE INTERNATIONAL CORP. INDEX PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION PAGE ---- Item 1. Financial Statements Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 1998 and June 30, 1999 3 Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the three and six months ended June 30, 1998 and 1999 4 Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the six months ended June 30, 1998 and 1999 5 Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 6 Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 17 Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk 27 PART II - OTHER INFORMATION Item 2. Changes in Securities and Use of Proceeds 28 Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders 28 Item 6. Exhibits and Reports on Form 8-K 29 Signatures 30 2

CROWN CASTLE INTERNATIONAL CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS, EXCEPT SHARE AMOUNTS) December 31, June 30, 1998 1999 ------------- ------------ (Unaudited) ASSETS Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents $ 296,450 $ 705,924 Receivables: Trade, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $1,535 and $1,192 at December 31, 1998 and June 30, 1999, respectively 32,130 28,655 Other 4,290 12,354 Inventories 6,599 12,591 Prepaid expenses and other current assets 2,647 7,951 ---------- ---------- Total current assets 342,116 767,475 Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $22,780 and $55,822 at December 31, 1998 and June 30, 1999, respectively 592,594 1,615,646 Goodwill and other intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $20,419 and $36,498 at December 31, 1998 and June 30, 1999, respectively 569,740 608,800 Deferred financing costs and other assets, net of accumulated amortization of $1,722 and $2,448 at December 31, 1998 and June 30, 1999, respectively 18,780 37,173 ---------- ---------- $1,523,230 $3,029,094 ========== ========== LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY Current liabilities: Accounts payable $ 46,020 $ 22,690 Accrued interest 15,677 6,554 Accrued compensation and related benefits 5,188 3,969 Deferred rental revenues and other accrued liabilities 26,002 52,626 ---------- ---------- Total current liabilities 92,887 85,839 Long-term debt 429,710 1,194,681 Other liabilities 22,823 45,991 ---------- ---------- Total liabilities 545,420 1,326,511 ---------- ---------- Commitments and contingencies Minority interests 39,185 52,100 Redeemable preferred stock, $.01 par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized: 12 3/4% Senior Exchangeable Preferred Stock; shares issued: December 31, 1998 - 200,000 and June 30, 1999 - 212,953 (stated at mandatory redemption and aggregate liquidation value) 201,063 214,085 Stockholders' equity: Common stock, $.01 par value; 690,000,000 shares authorized: Common Stock; shares issued: December 31, 1998 - 83,123,873 and June 30, 1999 - 130,396,618 831 1,304 Class A Common Stock; shares issued: 11,340,000 113 113 Additional paid-in capital 795,153 1,551,595 Cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment 1,690 (6,630) Accumulated deficit (60,225) (109,984) ---------- ---------- Total stockholders' equity 737,562 1,436,398 ---------- ---------- $1,523,230 $3,029,094 ========== ========== See condensed notes to consolidated financial statements. 3

CROWN CASTLE INTERNATIONAL CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS (UNAUDITED) (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS, EXCEPT PER SHARE AMOUNTS) Three Months Ended Six Months Ended June 30, June 30, ---------------------- ----------------------------- 1998 1999 1998 1999 --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------- Net revenues: Site rental and broadcast transmission $ 5,387 $ 62,177 $ 10,448 $107,503 Network services and other 6,143 15,350 12,919 25,133 ------- -------- -------- -------- 11,530 77,527 23,367 132,636 ------- -------- -------- -------- Operating expenses: Costs of operations (exclusive of depreciation and amortization): Site rental and broadcast transmission 1,246 26,557 2,418 45,084 Network services and other 2,734 8,175 7,155 15,157 General and administrative 4,965 9,238 8,768 17,542 Corporate development 691 2,066 2,022 2,940 Restructuring charges -- -- -- 1,814 Non-cash compensation charges -- 504 -- 1,171 Depreciation and amortization 4,091 29,863 7,695 49,519 ------- -------- -------- -------- 13,727 76,403 28,058 133,227 ------- -------- -------- -------- Operating income (loss) (2,197) 1,124 (4,691) (591) Other income (expense): Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliate 624 -- 525 -- Interest and other income (expense) 664 4,539 1,370 4,879 Interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs (5,321) (26,556) (10,027) (37,842) ------- -------- -------- -------- Loss before income taxes, minority interests and cumulative effect of change in accounting principle (6,230) (20,893) (12,823) (33,554) Provision for income taxes (196) (70) (209) (197) Minority interests -- 113 -- (572) ------- -------- -------- -------- Loss before cumulative effect of change in accounting principle (6,426) (20,850) (13,032) (34,323) Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle for costs of start-up activities -- -- -- (2,414) ------- -------- -------- -------- Net loss (6,426) (20,850) (13,032) (36,737) Dividends on preferred stock (2,077) (6,614) (4,132) (13,022) ------- -------- -------- -------- Net loss after deduction of dividends on preferred stock $(8,503) $(27,464) $(17,164) $(49,759) ======= ======== ======== ======== Net loss $(6,426) $(20,850) $(13,032) $(36,737) Other comprehensive income: Foreign currency translation adjustments 1,086 (3,577) 1,757 (8,320) ------- -------- -------- -------- Comprehensive loss $(5,340) $(24,427) $(11,275) $(45,057) ======= ======== ======== ======== Per common share - basic and diluted: Loss before cumulative effect of change in accounting principle $(0.78) $(0.22) $(1.57) $(0.43) Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle -- -- -- (0.02) ------- -------- -------- -------- Net loss $ (0.78) $ (0.22) $ (1.57) $ (0.45) ======= ======== ======== ======== Common shares outstanding - basic and diluted (in thousands) 10,954 124,849 10,954 109,791 ======= ======== ======== ======== See condensed notes to consolidated financial statements. 4

CROWN CASTLE INTERNATIONAL CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED) (IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS) Six Months Ended June 30, ------------------------- 1998 1999 ---------- ------------ CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: Net loss $(13,032) $ (36,737) Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used for) operating activities: Depreciation and amortization 7,695 49,519 Amortization of deferred financing costs and discounts on long-term debt 8,538 13,979 Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle -- 2,414 Non-cash compensation charges -- 1,171 Minority interests -- 572 Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliate (525) -- Changes in assets and liabilities, excluding the effects of acquisitions: Increase in deferred rental revenues and other liabilities 411 52,194 Decrease in accounts payable (1,449) (21,966) Increase in inventories, prepaid expenses and other assets (2,145) (11,624) Decrease in accrued interest -- (8,748) Increase in receivables (1,465) (5,655) -------- ---------- Net cash provided by (used for) operating activities (1,972) 35,119 -------- ---------- CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES: Acquisitions of businesses, net of cash acquired -- (545,050) Capital expenditures (52,752) (127,564) Other -- 750 -------- ---------- Net cash used for investing activities (52,752) (671,864) -------- ---------- CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt -- 481,695 Proceeds from issuance of capital stock -- 477,095 Net borrowings under revolving credit agreements 52,550 104,558 Incurrence of financing costs (1,646) (15,661) -------- ---------- Net cash provided by financing activities 50,904 1,047,687 -------- ---------- EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES ON CASH -- (1,468) -------- ---------- NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS (3,820) 409,474 CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT BEGINNING OF PERIOD 55,078 296,450 -------- ---------- CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT END OF PERIOD $ 51,258 $ 705,924 ======== ========== SUPPLEMENTARY SCHEDULE OF NON-CASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES: Amounts recorded in connection with acquisitions: Fair value of net assets acquired, including goodwill and other intangible assets $ -- $1,018,185 Issuance of long-term debt -- 180,000 Minority interests -- 14,330 Issuance of common stock -- 278,805 SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION: Interest paid $ 1,464 $ 32,076 Income taxes paid 249 172 See condensed notes to consolidated financial statements. 5

CROWN CASTLE INTERNATIONAL CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 1. GENERAL The information contained in the following notes to the consolidated financial statements is condensed from that which would appear in the annual consolidated financial statements; accordingly, the consolidated financial statements included herein should be reviewed in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1998, and related notes thereto, included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K (the "Form 10-K") filed by Crown Castle International Corp. with the Securities and Exchange Commission. All references to the "Company" include Crown Castle International Corp. and its subsidiary companies unless otherwise indicated or the context indicates otherwise. The consolidated financial statements included herein are unaudited; however, they include all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) which, in the opinion of management, are necessary to present fairly the consolidated financial position of the Company at June 30, 1999, the consolidated results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 1998 and 1999 and consolidated cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 1998 and 1999. Accounting measurements at interim dates inherently involve greater reliance on estimates than at year end. The results of operations for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the entire year. RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS In April 1998, the Accounting Standards Executive Committee of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants issued Statement of Position 98-5, Reporting on the Costs of Start-Up Activities ("SOP 98-5"). SOP 98-5 requires that costs of start-up activities be charged to expense as incurred and broadly defines such costs. The Company has deferred certain costs incurred in connection with potential business initiatives and new geographic markets, and SOP 98-5 requires that such deferred costs be charged to results of operations upon its adoption. SOP 98-5 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 1998. The Company has adopted the requirements of SOP 98-5 as of January 1, 1999. The cumulative effect of the change in accounting principle for the adoption of SOP 98-5 resulted in a charge to results of operations for $2,414,000 in the Company's financial statements for the three months ended March 31, 1999. In June 1998, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the "FASB") issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities ("SFAS 133"). SFAS 133 requires that derivative instruments be recognized as either assets or liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet based on their fair values. Changes in the fair values of such derivative instruments will be recorded either in results of operations or in other comprehensive income, depending on the intended use of the derivative instrument. The initial application of SFAS 133 will be reported as the effect of a change in accounting principle. SFAS 133, as amended, is effective for all fiscal quarters of fiscal years beginning after June 15, 2000. The Company will adopt the requirements of SFAS 133 in its financial statements for the three months ending March 31, 2001. The Company has not yet determined the effect that the adoption of SFAS 133 will have on its consolidated financial statements. 2. ACQUISITIONS Agreement with Bell Atlantic Mobile ("BAM") On December 8, 1998, the Company entered into an agreement with BAM to form a joint venture ("Crown Atlantic") to own and operate a significant majority of BAM's towers. Upon formation of Crown Atlantic on March 31, 1999, (i) the Company contributed to Crown Atlantic $250,000,000 in cash and 15,597,783 shares of its Common Stock in exchange for a 61.5% ownership interest in Crown Atlantic; (ii) Crown Atlantic 6

CROWN CASTLE INTERNATIONAL CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) borrowed $180,000,000 under a committed $250,000,000 revolving credit facility (see Note 3); and (iii) BAM contributed to Crown Atlantic approximately 1,458 towers in exchange for a cash distribution of $380,000,000 from Crown Atlantic and a 38.5% ownership interest in Crown Atlantic. Upon dissolution of Crown Atlantic, BAM will receive (i) the shares of the Company's Common Stock contributed to Crown Atlantic and (ii) a payment (either in cash or in shares of the Company's Common Stock, at the Company's election) equal to approximately 15.6% of the fair market value of Crown Atlantic's other net assets; the Company would then receive the remaining assets and liabilities of Crown Atlantic. The Company has accounted for its investment in Crown Atlantic as an acquisition using the purchase method, and will include Crown Atlantic's results of operations and cash flows in the Company's consolidated financial statements for periods subsequent to formation. The Company recognized goodwill of approximately $59,631,000 in connection with this acquisition. BellSouth Mobility Inc. and BellSouth Telecommunications Inc. ("BellSouth") In March 1999, the Company entered into an agreement with BellSouth to acquire the operating rights for approximately 1,850 of their towers. The transaction is structured as a lease agreement and will be treated as a sale of the towers for tax purposes. The Company will pay BellSouth total consideration of $610,000,000, consisting of $430,000,000 in cash and $180,000,000 in shares of its common stock. As of June 30, 1999, the Company has closed on 273 of the towers and has paid $71,979,000 in cash and issued 1,340,508 shares of its common stock. The Company is accounting for this transaction as a purchase of tower assets. The transaction is expected to close over a period of up to eight months beginning from the second quarter of 1999. Powertel, Inc. ("Powertel") In March 1999, the Company entered into an agreement with Powertel to purchase approximately 650 of their towers and related assets. The total purchase price for these towers will be $275,000,000 in cash. As of June 30, 1999, the Company has closed on 619 of the towers and has paid $261,885,000 in cash. The Company is accounting for this transaction as an acquisition using the purchase method. 3. LONG-TERM DEBT Long-term debt consists of the following: December 31, June 30, 1998 1999 ------------ ----------- (In thousands of dollars) Senior Credit Facility $ 5,500 $ 71,000 CTI Credit Facility 55,177 90,453 Crown Atlantic Credit Facility -- 180,000 10 5/8% Senior Discount Notes due 2007, net of discount 168,099 177,029 10 3/8% Senior Discount Notes due 2011, net of discount -- 305,433 9% Senior Notes due 2011 -- 180,000 9% Guaranteed Bonds due 2007 200,934 190,766 -------- ---------- $429,710 $1,194,681 ======== ========== CTI Credit Facility In June 1999, the CTI Credit Facility was amended to (i) increase the available borrowings to (Pounds)150,000,000 (approximately $236,475,000) and (ii) extend the maturity date to June 2006. The amended facility comprises (i) a seven year (Pounds)100,000,000 (approximately $157,650,000) revolving loan facility which converts into a term loan facility on the third anniversary of the amendment date and (ii) a seven year (Pounds)50,000,000 (approximately $78,825,000) revolving loan facility. As of June 30, 1999, unused borrowing availability under the CTI Credit 7

CROWN CASTLE INTERNATIONAL CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) Facility amounted to approximately (Pounds)90,000,000 (approximately $141,885,000). Borrowings under the amended CTI Credit Facility bear interest at a rate per annum equal to a Eurodollar interbank offered rate (LIBOR) plus 1.5%. The interest rate margin may be reduced by up to 0.875% (non-cumulatively) based on a financial test. On the third anniversary of the amendment date, the amount drawn under the (Pounds)100,000,000 revolving loan facility is converted into a term loan facility and is amortized in equal semi-annual installments on June 30 and December 31 of each year, with the final installment being due on the seventh anniversary of the amendment date. The (Pounds)50,000,000 revolving loan facility expires on the seventh anniversary of the amendment date. Crown Atlantic Credit Facility Crown Atlantic has a credit agreement with a bank (the "Crown Atlantic Credit Facility") which consists of a $250,000,000 secured revolving line of credit. Available borrowings under the Crown Atlantic Credit Facility are generally to be used to construct new towers and to finance a portion of the purchase price for towers and related assets of Crown Atlantic. The amount of available borrowings is determined based on the current financial performance (as defined) of Crown Atlantic's assets. In addition, up to $25,000,000 of borrowing availability under the Crown Atlantic Credit Facility can be used for letters of credit. On March 31, 1999, Crown Atlantic borrowed $180,000,000 under the Crown Atlantic Credit Facility to fund a portion of the cash payment to BAM (see Note 2). As of June 30, 1999, approximately $4,000,000 of borrowings was available under the Crown Atlantic Credit Facility, all of which was available for letters of credit. There were no letters of credit outstanding as of June 30, 1999. The amount of available borrowings under the Crown Atlantic Credit Facility will decrease by a stated amount at the end of each calendar quarter beginning on September 30, 2001 until March 31, 2006, at which time any remaining borrowings must be repaid. Under certain circumstances, Crown Atlantic may be required to make principal prepayments under the Crown Atlantic Credit Facility in an amount equal to 50% of excess cash flow (as defined), the net cash proceeds from certain asset sales or the net cash proceeds from certain sales of equity or debt securities. The Crown Atlantic Credit Facility is secured by a pledge of the membership interest in Crown Atlantic and a security interest in Crown Atlantic's tenant leases. Borrowings under the Crown Atlantic Credit Facility bear interest at a rate per annum, at Crown Atlantic's election, equal to the bank's prime rate plus 1.25% or a Eurodollar interbank offered rate (LIBOR) plus 2.75%. The interest rate margins may be reduced by up to 1.75% (non-cumulatively) based on a financial test, determined quarterly. Interest on prime rate loans is due quarterly, while interest on LIBOR loans is due at the end of the period (from one to three months) for which such LIBOR rate is in effect. The Crown Atlantic Credit Facility requires Crown Atlantic to maintain certain financial covenants and places restrictions on Crown Atlantic's ability to, among other things, incur debt and liens, pay dividends, make capital expenditures, dispose of assets, undertake transactions with affiliates and make investments. Interest Rate Swap Agreement In April 1999, the Company entered into an interest rate swap agreement in connection with amounts borrowed under the Crown Atlantic Credit Facility. This interest rate swap agreement has an initial notional amount of $100,000,000, decreasing on a quarterly basis beginning September 30, 2003 until the termination of the agreement on March 31, 2006. The Company will pay a fixed rate of 5.79% on the notional amount and received a floating rate based on LIBOR. This agreement effectively changes the interest rate on a portion of the borrowings under the Crown Atlantic Credit Facility from a floating rate to a fixed rate of 5.79% plus the 8

CROWN CASTLE INTERNATIONAL CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) applicable margin. The Company does not believe there is any significant exposure to credit risk due to the creditworthiness of the counterparty. In the event of nonperformance by the counterparty, the Company's loss would be limited to any unfavorable interest rate differential. 10 3/8% Senior Discount Notes due 2011 (the "10 3/8% Discount Notes") and 9% Senior Notes due 2011 (the "9% Notes") On May 12, 1999, the Company issued (i) $500,000,000 aggregate principal amount (at maturity) of its 10 3/8% Discount Notes for proceeds of $292,644,000 (net of original issue discount of $198,305,000 and after underwriting discounts of $9,051,000) and (ii) $180,000,000 aggregate principal amount of its 9% Notes for proceeds of $174,600,000 (after underwriting discounts of $5,400,000). The Company used a portion of the proceeds from the sale of these securities to repay $100,000,000 in outstanding borrowings, including accrued interest thereon, under a term loan credit facility (see Note 4). The 10 3/8% Discount Notes will not pay any interest until November 15, 2004, at which time semi-annual interest payments will commence and become due on each May 15 and November 15 thereafter. Semi-annual interest payments for the 9% Notes are due on each May 15 and November 15, commencing on November 15, 1999. The maturity date of the 10 3/8% Discount Notes and the 9% Notes is May 15, 2011. The 10 3/8% Discount Notes and the 9% Notes are redeemable at the option of the Company, in whole or in part, on or after May 15, 2004 at prices of 105.187% and 104.5%, respectively, of the principal amount plus accrued interest. The redemption prices are reduced annually until May 15, 2007, after which time the 10 3/8% Discount Notes and the 9% Notes are redeemable at par. Prior to May 15, 2002, the Company may redeem up to 35% of the aggregate principal amount of the 10 3/8% Discount Notes and the 9% Notes, at prices of 110.375% and 109%, respectively, of the accreted value thereof, with the net cash proceeds from a public offering of the Company's common stock. The 10 3/8% Discount Notes and the 9% Notes are senior indebtedness of the Company; however, they are unsecured and effectively subordinate to the liabilities of the Company's subsidiaries, which include outstanding borrowings under the Senior Credit Facility, the CTI Credit Facility, the Crown Atlantic Credit Facility and the CTI Bonds. The indentures governing the 10 3/8% Discount Notes and the 9% Notes place restrictions on the Company's ability to, among other things, pay dividends and make capital distributions, make investments, incur additional debt and liens, issue additional preferred stock, dispose of assets and undertake transactions with affiliates. Reporting Requirements Under the Indentures Governing the Company's Debt Securities (the "Indentures") and the Certificate of Designations Governing the Company's 12 3/4% Senior Exchangeable Preferred Stock (the "Certificate") The following information (as such capitalized terms are defined in the Indentures and the Certificate) is presented solely as a requirement of the Indentures and the Certificate; such information is not intended as an alternative measure of financial position, operating results or cash flow from operations (as determined in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles). Furthermore, the Company's measure of the following information may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies. The Company has designated Crown Atlantic as an Unrestricted Subsidiary (see Note 2). Summarized financial information for (i) the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries and (ii) the Company's Unrestricted Subsidiaries is as follows: 9

CROWN CASTLE INTERNATIONAL CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) June 30, 1999 ----------------------------------------------------------- Company and Restricted Unrestricted Consolidation Consolidated Subsidiaries Subsidiaries Eliminations Total ------------ ------------ -------------- ------------ (In thousands of dollars) Cash and cash equivalents $ 641,483 $ 64,441 $ -- $ 705,924 Other current assets 29,325 32,226 -- 61,551 Property and equipment, net 564,339 1,051,307 -- 1,615,646 Investments in Unrestricted Subsidiaries 989,506 -- (989,506) -- Goodwill and other intangible assets, net 139,157 469,643 -- 608,800 Other assets, net 32,777 4,396 -- 37,173 ---------- ---------- --------- ---------- $2,396,587 $1,622,013 $(989,506) $3,029,094 ========== ========== ========= ========== Current liabilities $ 10,717 $ 75,122 $ -- $ 85,839 Long-term debt 733,462 461,219 -- 1,194,681 Other liabilities 1,925 44,066 -- 45,991 Minority interests -- 52,100 -- 52,100 Redeemable preferred stock 214,085 -- -- 214,085 Stockholders' equity 1,436,398 989,506 (989,506) 1,436,398 ---------- ---------- --------- ---------- $2,396,587 $1,622,013 $(989,506) $3,029,094 ========== ========== ========= ========== 10

CROWN CASTLE INTERNATIONAL CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) Three Months Ended June 30, 1999 Six Months Ended June 30, 1999 --------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------ Company and Company and Restricted Unrestricted Consolidated Restricted Unrestricted Consolidated Subsidiaries Subsidiaries Total Subsidiaries Subsidiaries Total ------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- ----------------- (In thousands of dollars) Net revenues $ 17,793 $ 59,734 $ 77,527 $ 30,047 $102,589 $132,636 Costs of operations (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) 6,617 28,115 34,732 11,342 48,899 60,241 General and administrative 6,790 2,448 9,238 13,414 4,128 17,542 Corporate development 1,411 655 2,066 2,252 688 2,940 Restructuring charges -- -- -- 1,814 -- 1,814 Non-cash compensation charges 341 163 504 724 447 1,171 Depreciation and amortization 6,092 23,771 29,863 10,609 38,910 49,519 -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- Operating income (loss) (3,458) 4,582 1,124 (10,108) 9,517 (591) Interest and other income (expense) 949 3,590 4,539 (1,379) 6,258 4,879 Interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs (15,643) (10,913) (26,556) (21,390) (16,452) (37,842) Provision for income taxes (70) -- (70) (197) -- (197) Minority interests -- 113 113 -- (572) (572) Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle for costs of start-up activities -- -- -- (2,414) -- (2,414) -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- Net loss $(18,222) $ (2,628) $(20,850) $(35,488) $ (1,249) $(36,737) ======== ======== ======== ======== ======== ======== Tower Cash Flow and Adjusted Consolidated Cash Flow for the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries is as follows under (i) the indenture governing the 10 3/8% Senior Discount Notes and the Certificate (the "1997 and 1998 Securities") and (ii) the indentures governing the 10 3/8% Discount Notes and the 9% Notes (the "1999 Securities"): 1997 and 1998 1999 Securities Securities -------------- ----------- (In thousands of dollars) Tower Cash Flow, for the three months ended June 30, 1999 $ 5,553 $ 5,553 ======== ======== Consolidated Cash Flow, for the twelve months ended June 30, 1999 $ 5,868 $ 10,723 Less: Tower Cash Flow, for the twelve months ended June 30, 1999 (17,079) (17,079) Plus: four times Tower Cash Flow, for the three months ended June 30, 1999 22,212 22,212 -------- -------- Adjusted Consolidated Cash Flow, for the twelve months ended June 30, 1999 $ 11,001 $ 15,856 ======== ======== 11

CROWN CASTLE INTERNATIONAL CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) 4. STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY On May 12, 1999, the Company sold shares of its common stock and debt securities in concurrent underwritten public offerings (collectively, the "Offerings") (see Note 3). The Company sold 21,000,000 shares of its common stock at a price of $17.50 per share and received proceeds of $352,800,000 (after underwriting discounts of $14,700,000). The Company had granted the underwriters for the Offerings an over-allotment option to purchase an additional 3,150,000 shares of the Company's common stock. On May 13, 1999, the underwriters exercised this over-allotment option in full. As a result, the Company received additional proceeds of $52,920,000 (after underwriting discounts of $2,205,000). The proceeds from the Offerings will be used to pay the remaining purchase price for the BellSouth and Powertel transactions, to fund the initial interest payments on the 9% Notes and for general corporate purposes. On June 15, 1999, the Company sold shares of its common stock to a subsidiary of TeleDiffusion de France International S.A. ("TDF") pursuant to TDF's preemptive rights related to two recent acquisitions. The Company sold 5,395,539 shares at $12.63 per share and 125,066 shares at $13.00 per share. The aggregate proceeds of approximately $69,772,000 will be used for general corporate purposes. 5. RESTRUCTURING CHARGES In connection with the formation of Crown Atlantic (see Note 2), the Company completed a restructuring of its United States operations during the first quarter of 1999. The objective of this restructuring was to transition from a centralized organization to a regionally-based organization in the United States. Coincident with the restructuring, the Company incurred one-time charges of $1,814,000 related to severance payments for staff reductions, as well as costs related to non-cancelable leases of excess office space. 6. PER SHARE INFORMATION Per share information is based on the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during each period for the basic computation and, if dilutive, the weighted-average number of potential common shares resulting from the assumed conversion of outstanding stock options, warrants and convertible preferred stock for the diluted computation. 12

CROWN CASTLE INTERNATIONAL CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) A reconciliation of the numerators and denominators of the basic and diluted per share computations is as follows: Three Months Ended Six Months Ended June 30, June 30, ---------------------- ------------------------------ 1998 1999 1998 1999 --------- ---------- ---------- ----------------- (In thousands of dollars, except per share amounts) Loss before cumulative effect of change in accounting principle $(6,426) $(20,850) $(13,032) $(34,323) Dividends on preferred stock (2,077) (6,614) (4,132) (13,022) ------- -------- -------- -------- Loss before cumulative effect of change in accounting principle applicable to common stock for basic and diluted computations (8,503) (27,464) (17,164) (47,345) Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle -- -- -- (2,414) ------- -------- -------- -------- Net loss applicable to common stock for basic and diluted computations $(8,503) $(27,464) $(17,164) $(49,759) ======= ======== ======== ======== Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period for basic and diluted computations (in thousands) 10,954 124,849 10,954 109,791 ======= ======== ======== ======== Per common share - basic and diluted: Loss before cumulative effect of change in accounting principle $ (0.78) $ (0.22) $ (1.57) $ (0.43) Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle -- -- -- (0.02) ------- -------- -------- -------- Net loss $ (0.78) $ (0.22) $ (1.57) $ (0.45) ======= ======== ======== ======== The calculations of common shares outstanding for the diluted computations exclude the following potential common shares as of June 30, 1999: (i) options to purchase 18,772,187 shares of common stock at exercise prices ranging from $-0- to $25.62 per share; (ii) warrants to purchase 1,194,990 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $7.50 per share; and (iii) shares of Castle Transmission Services (Holdings) Ltd ("CTI") stock which are convertible into 17,443,500 shares of common stock. The inclusion of such potential common shares in the diluted per share computations would be antidilutive since the Company incurred net losses for all periods presented. 7. CONTINGENCIES The Company is involved in various claims, lawsuits and proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. While there are uncertainties inherent in the ultimate outcome of such matters and it is impossible to presently determine the ultimate costs that may be incurred, management believes the resolution of such uncertainties and the incurrence of such costs should not have a material adverse effect on the Company's consolidated financial position or results of operations. 8. OPERATING SEGMENTS The measurement of profit or loss currently used to evaluate the results of operations for the Company and its operating segments is earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization ("EBITDA"). The Company defines EBITDA as operating income (loss) plus depreciation and amortization, non-cash compensation charges and restructuring charges. EBITDA is not intended as an alternative measure of operating results or cash flow from operations (as determined in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles), and the Company's measure of EBITDA may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other 13

CROWN CASTLE INTERNATIONAL CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) companies. There are no significant revenues resulting from transactions between the Company's operating segments. The Company is presenting the financial results of Crown Atlantic as a reportable operating segment for periods subsequent to its formation (see Note 2). The financial results for the Company's operating segments are as follows: Three Months Ended June 30, 1999 ----------------------------------------------------------------- Corporate Crown Office Consolidated CCI CTI Atlantic and Other Total ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ------------- (In thousands of dollars) Net revenues: Site rental and broadcast transmission $ 8,563 $ 41,727 $ 11,887 $ -- $ 62,177 Network services and other 8,718 5,621 499 512 15,350 -------- -------- -------- -------- ---------- 17,281 47,348 12,386 512 77,527 -------- -------- -------- -------- ---------- Costs of operations (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) 6,177 22,267 5,848 440 34,732 General and administrative 5,594 1,380 1,068 1,196 9,238 Corporate development -- 655 -- 1,411 2,066 -------- -------- -------- -------- ---------- EBITDA 5,510 23,046 5,470 (2,535) 31,491 Non-cash compensation charges -- 163 -- 341 504 Depreciation and amortization 5,798 15,982 7,789 294 29,863 -------- -------- -------- -------- ---------- Operating income (loss) (288) 6,901 (2,319) (3,170) 1,124 Interest and other income (expense) 75 429 3,161 874 4,539 Interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs (1,125) (6,988) (3,925) (14,518) (26,556) Provision for income taxes (14) -- -- (56) (70) Minority interests -- (911) 1,024 -- 113 -------- -------- -------- -------- ---------- Net loss $ (1,352) $ (569) $ (2,059) $(16,870) $ (20,850) ======== ======== ======== ======== ========== Capital expenditures $ 26,047 $ 23,834 $ 1,118 $ 202 $ 51,201 ======== ======== ======== ======== ========== Total assets (at period end) $739,961 $918,086 $703,927 $667,120 $3,029,094 ======== ======== ======== ======== ========== 14

CROWN CASTLE INTERNATIONAL CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) Six Months Ended June 30, 1999 -------------------------------------------------------------- Corporate Crown Office Consolidated CCI CTI Atlantic and Other Total --------- --------- --------- ---------- ------------- (In thousands of dollars) Net revenues: Site rental and broadcast transmission $14,879 $ 80,737 $11,887 $ -- $107,503 Network services and other 13,885 9,466 499 1,283 25,133 ------- -------- ------- -------- -------- 28,764 90,203 12,386 1,283 132,636 ------- -------- ------- -------- -------- Costs of operations (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) 10,385 43,051 5,848 957 60,241 General and administrative 10,888 3,060 1,068 2,526 17,542 Corporate development -- 688 -- 2,252 2,940 ------- -------- ------- -------- -------- EBITDA 7,491 43,404 5,470 (4,452) 51,913 Restructuring charges 1,814 -- -- -- 1,814 Non-cash compensation charges 67 447 -- 657 1,171 Depreciation and amortization 10,036 31,121 7,789 573 49,519 ------- -------- ------- -------- -------- Operating income (loss) (4,426) 11,836 (2,319) (5,682) (591) Interest and other income (expense) (458) 254 3,161 1,922 4,879 Interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs (1,810) (12,527) (3,925) (19,580) (37,842) Provision for income taxes (45) -- -- (152) (197) Minority interests -- (1,596) 1,024 -- (572) Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle for costs of start-up activities (2,014) -- -- (400) (2,414) ------- -------- ------- -------- -------- Net loss $(8,753) $ (2,033) $(2,059) $(23,892) $(36,737) ======= ======== ======= ======== ======== Capital expenditures $43,218 $ 82,639 $ 1,118 $ 589 $127,564 ======= ======== ======= ======== ======== 15

CROWN CASTLE INTERNATIONAL CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued) Three Months Ended June 30, 1998 Six Months Ended June 30, 1998 -------------------------------------- ------------------------------------- Corporate Corporate Office Consolidated Office Consolidated CCI and Other Total CCI and Other Total --------- ---------- ------------- --------- ---------- ------------ (In thousands of dollars) Net revenues: Site rental and broadcast transmission $ 5,387 $ -- $ 5,387 $10,448 $ -- $ 10,448 Network services and other 6,043 100 6,143 12,720 199 12,919 ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------- 11,430 100 11,530 23,168 199 23,367 ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------- Costs of operations (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) 3,980 -- 3,980 9,573 -- 9,573 General and administrative 4,066 899 4,965 7,436 1,332 8,768 Corporate development -- 691 691 -- 2,022 2,022 ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------- EBITDA 3,384 (1,490) 1,894 6,159 (3,155) 3,004 Depreciation and amortization 3,901 190 4,091 7,441 254 7,695 ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------- Operating loss (517) (1,680) (2,197) (1,282) (3,409) (4,691) Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliate -- 624 624 -- 525 525 Interest and other income (4) 668 664 11 1,359 1,370 (expense) Interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs (1,067) (4,254) (5,321) (1,639) (8,388) (10,027) Provision for income taxes (196) -- (196) (209) -- (209) ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------- Net loss $(1,784) $(4,642) $(6,426) $(3,119) $(9,913) $(13,032) ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======== Capital expenditures $27,533 $ 680 $28,213 $51,257 $ 1,495 $ 52,752 ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======== 9. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS Acquisitions On July 1, 1999 and August 3, 1999, the Company closed on an additional 256 of the BellSouth towers (see Note 2). In connection with these closing, the Company paid $58,121,000 in cash and issued 1,257,032 shares of its common stock. In July 1999, the Company entered into an agreement with certain affiliates of BellSouth ("BellSouth DCS") to acquire the operating rights for approximately 773 of their towers. The transaction is structured as a lease agreement and will be treated as a sale of the towers for tax purposes. The Company will pay BellSouth DCS total consideration of $316,930,000 in cash. On August 3, 1999, the Company closed on 448 of these towers and paid $183,761,000 in cash. The Company is accounting for this transaction as a purchase of tower assets. Sales of Securities On July 20, 1999, the Company sold shares of its common stock to a subsidiary of TDF pursuant to TDF's preemptive rights related to the Offerings. The Company sold 8,351,791 shares at $16.80 per share. The aggregate proceeds of approximately $140,310,000 will be used for general corporate purposes. On July 27, 1999, the Company sold debt securities in a private placement. The Company sold (i) $260,000,000 aggregate principal amount (at maturity) of its 11 1/4% Senior Discount Notes due 2011 (the "11 1/4% Discount Notes") for proceeds of $147,501,000 (net of original issue discount of $109,489,000 and after underwriting discounts of $3,010,000) and (ii) $125,000,000 aggregate principle amount of its 9 1/2% Senior Notes due 2011 (the "9 1/2% Notes") for proceeds of $122,500,000 (after underwriting discounts of $2,500,000). The proceeds from the sale of these securities will be used to pay the purchase price for the BellSouth DCS transaction, to fund the initial interest payments on the 9 1/2% Notes and for general corporate purposes. 16

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS The following discussion is intended to assist in understanding the Company's consolidated financial condition as of June 30, 1999 and its results of operations for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 1998 and 1999. The statements in this discussion regarding the industry outlook, the Company's expectations regarding the future performance of its businesses, and the other nonhistorical statements in this discussion are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, including but not limited to the uncertainties relating to capital expenditures decisions to be made in the future by wireless communications carriers and broadcasters and the risks and uncertainties described in "Risk Factors" in the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-1, as amended (Reg. No. 333-74553) (the "Registration Statement") filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. This discussion should be read in conjunction with the response to Part I, Item 1 of this report and the consolidated financial statements of the Company, including the notes thereto, and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" included in the Form 10-K. Any capitalized terms used but not defined in this Item have the same meaning given to them in the Form 10-K. RESULTS OF OPERATIONS In August 1998, the Company consummated a share exchange with the shareholders of CTI, pursuant to which the Company's ownership of CTI increased from approximately 34.3% to 80%. Results of operations of CTI are included in the Company's consolidated financial statements for the periods subsequent to the date the exchange was consummated. On March 31, 1999, the Company formed Crown Atlantic, and in June 1999, the Company closed on the initial tower purchases from the BellSouth and Powertel transactions. Results of operations of Crown Atlantic are included in the Company's consolidated financial statements subsequent to the date of formation, and results of operations from the BellSouth and Powertel towers are included subsequent to the respective purchase dates. As a result of these transactions, the Company's results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 1998 are not comparable to the results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 1999. The following information is derived from the Company's Consolidated Statements of Operations for the periods indicated. 17

Three Months Ended Three Months Ended Six Months Ended Six Months Ended June 30, 1998 June 30, 1999 June 30, 1998 June 30, 1999 ---------------------- ----------------------- ----------------------- ------------------------ Percent Percent Percent Percent of of of of Net Net Net Net Amount Revenues Amount Revenues Amount Revenues Amount Revenues ---------- --------- ----------- --------- ----------- --------- ----------- --------- (Dollars in thousands) Net revenues: Site rental and broadcast transmission $ 5,387 46.7% $ 62,177 80.2% $ 10,448 44.7% $107,503 81.1% Network services and other 6,143 53.3 15,350 19.8 12,919 55.3 25,133 18.9 ------- ------ -------- ------ -------- ------ -------- ------ Total net revenues 11,530 100.0 77,527 100.0 23,367 100.0 132,636 100.0 ------- ------ -------- ------ -------- ------ -------- ------ Operating expenses: Costs of operations: Site rental and broadcast transmission 1,246 23.1 26,557 42.7 2,418 23.1 45,084 41.9 Network services and other 2,734 44.5 8,175 53.3 7,155 55.4 15,157 60.3 ------- -------- -------- -------- Total costs of operations 3,980 34.5 34,732 44.8 9,573 41.0 60,241 45.4 General and administrative 4,965 43.1 9,238 11.9 8,768 37.5 17,542 13.2 Corporate development 691 6.0 2,066 2.7 2,022 8.7 2,940 2.2 Restructuring charges -- -- -- -- -- -- 1,814 1.4 Non-cash compensation charges -- -- 504 0.7 -- -- 1,171 0.9 Depreciation and amortization 4,091 35.5 29,863 38.5 7,695 32.9 49,519 37.3 ------- ------ -------- ------ -------- ------ -------- ------ Operating income (loss) (2,197) (19.1) 1,124 1.4 (4,691) (20.1) (591) (0.4) Other income (expense): Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliate 624 5.4 -- -- 525 2.2 -- -- Interest and other income (expense) 664 5.8 4,539 5.9 1,370 5.9 4,879 3.6 Interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs (5,321) (46.1) (26,556) (34.3) (10,027) (42.9) (37,842) (28.5) ------- ------ -------- ------ -------- ------ -------- ------ Loss before income taxes, minority interests and cumulative effect of change in accounting principle (6,230) (54.0) (20,893) (27.0) (12,823) (54.9) (33,554) (25.3) Provision for income taxes (196) (1.7) (70) (0.1) (209) (0.9) (197) (0.2) Minority interests -- -- 113 0.2 -- -- (572) (0.4) ------- ------ -------- ------ -------- ------ -------- ------ Loss before cumulative effect of change in accounting principle (6,426) (55.7) (20,850) (26.9) (13,032) (55.8) (34,323) (25.9) Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle for costs of start-up activities -- -- -- -- -- -- (2,414) (1.8) ------- ------ -------- ------ -------- ------ -------- ------ Net loss $(6,426) (55.7)% $(20,850) (26.9)% $(13,032) (55.8)% $(36,737) (27.7)% ======= ====== ======== ====== ======== ====== ======== ====== Comparison of Three Months Ended June 30, 1999 and 1998 Consolidated revenues for the three months ended June 30, 1999 were $77.5 million, an increase of $66.0 million from the three months ended June 30, 1998. This increase was primarily attributable to (i) a $56.8 million, or 1,054.2%, increase in site rental and broadcast transmission revenues, of which $41.7 million was attributable to CTI, $11.9 million was attributable to Crown Atlantic and $3.2 million was attributable to the Crown operations; (ii) a $2.7 million increase in network services and other revenues from the Crown operations; and (iii) $5.6 million in network services and other revenues from CTI. Costs of operations for the three months ended June 30, 1999 were $34.7 million, an increase of $30.8 million from the three months ended June 30, 1998. This increase was primarily attributable to (i) a $25.3 million increase in site rental and broadcast transmission costs, of which $18.5 million was attributable to CTI, $5.6 million was attributable to Crown Atlantic and $1.2 million was attributable to the Crown operations; (ii) a $1.0 million increase in network services costs related to the Crown operations; and (iii) $3.8 million in network services costs from CTI. Costs of operations for site rental and broadcast transmission as a percentage of site rental and broadcast transmission revenues increased to 42.7% for the three months ended June 30, 1999 from 23.1% for the three months ended June 30, 1998 because of higher costs attributable to the CTI, Crown Atlantic and Crown operations. Costs of operations for network services and other as a percentage of network services and other revenues increased to 53.3% for the three months ended June 30, 1999 from 44.5% for the three months ended June 30, 1998, primarily due to lower margins from the CTI operations. Margins from the Crown network services operations increased for the three months ended June 30, 1999 as compared to the three months ended June 30, 1998. General and administrative expenses for the three months ended June 30, 1999 were $9.2 million, an increase of $4.3 million from the three months ended June 30, 1998. This increase was primarily attributable to (i) a $1.5 million increase in expenses related to the Crown operations; (ii) a $0.3 million increase in expenses 18

at the Company's corporate office; (iii) $1.4 million in expenses at CTI; and (iv) $1.1 million in expenses at Crown Atlantic. General and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenues decreased for the three months ended June 30, 1999 to 11.9% from 43.1% for the three months ended June 30, 1998 because of lower overhead costs as a percentage of revenues for CTI, Crown Atlantic and Crown. Corporate development expenses for the three months ended June 30, 1999 were $2.1 million, compared to $0.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 1998. This increase was attributable to (i) a $0.7 million increase in expenses at the Company's corporate office and (ii) $0.7 million in expenses at CTI. For the three months ended June 30, 1999, the Company has recorded non-cash compensation charges of $0.5 million related to the issuance of stock options to certain employees and executives. Depreciation and amortization for the three months ended June 30, 1999 was $29.9 million, an increase of $25.8 million from the three months ended June 30, 1998. This increase was primarily attributable to (i) $16.0 million of depreciation and amortization related to the property and equipment and goodwill from CTI; (ii) $7.8 million of depreciation and amortization related to the property and equipment and goodwill from Crown Atlantic; and (iii) a $1.9 million increase in depreciation and amortization related to the property and equipment, goodwill and other intangible assets related to the Crown operations. The equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliate represents the Company's 34.3% share of CTI's net earnings (losses) for the periods prior to August 1998 (at which time the share exchange with CTI's shareholders was consummated). For the three months ended June 30, 1998, after making appropriate adjustments to CTI's results of operations for such period to conform to generally accepted accounting principles of the United States, CTI had net revenues, operating income, interest expense (including amortization of deferred financing costs) and net income of $37.6 million, $6.7 million, $5.1 million and $1.9 million, respectively. Included in CTI's results of operations for such period are non- cash compensation charges for approximately $0.3 million related to the issuance of stock options to certain members of CTI's management. Interest and other income (expense) for the three months ended June 30, 1999 resulted primarily from (i) the investment of the remaining portion of the cash contribution from the formation of Crown Atlantic in March 1999; (ii) the investment of the excess proceeds from the sale of the Company's 12 3/4% Senior Exchangeable Preferred Stock due 2010 (the "Exchangeable Preferred Stock") in December 1998; and (iii) the investment of the excess proceeds from the sale of the Company's common stock, 10 3/8% Discount Notes and 9% Notes in May 1999; largely offset by a loss incurred upon the disposition of an investment in an affiliate. Interest and other income (expense) for the three months ended June 30, 1998 resulted primarily from the investment of the excess proceeds from the sale of the 10 5/8% Senior Discount Notes (the "10 5/8% Discount Notes"). Interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs for the three months ended June 30, 1999 was $26.6 million, an increase of $21.2 million, or 399.1%, from the three months ended June 30, 1998. This increase was primarily attributable to interest on indebtedness at CTI and Crown Atlantic, amortization of the original issue discount on the 10 3/8% Discount Notes, interest on the 9% Notes and interest and fees on the term loans used to finance the escrow deposits for the BellSouth and Powertel transactions. Minority interests represent the minority shareholder's 20% interest in CTI's operations and the minority partner's 38.5% interest in Crown Atlantic's operations. Comparison of Six Months Ended June 30, 1999 and 1998 Consolidated revenues for the six months ended June 30, 1999 were $132.6 million, an increase of $109.3 million from the six months ended June 30, 1998. This increase was primarily attributable to (i) a $97.1 million, or 928.9%, increase in site rental and broadcast transmission revenues, of which $80.7 million was attributable to CTI, $11.9 million was attributable to Crown Atlantic and $4.5 million was attributable to the Crown 19

operations; (ii) a $1.2 million increase in network services and other revenues from the Crown operations; and (iii) $9.5 million in network services and other revenues from CTI. Costs of operations for the six months ended June 30, 1999 were $60.2 million, an increase of $50.7 million from the six months ended June 30, 1998. This increase was primarily attributable to (i) a $42.7 million increase in site rental and broadcast transmission costs, of which $35.4 million was attributable to CTI, $5.6 million was attributable to Crown Atlantic and $1.7 million was attributable to the Crown operations; (ii) a $0.8 million decrease in network services costs related to the Crown operations; and (iii) $7.7 million in network services costs from CTI. Costs of operations for site rental and broadcast transmission as a percentage of site rental and broadcast transmission revenues increased to 41.9% for the six months ended June 30, 1999 from 23.1% for the six months ended June 30, 1998 because of higher costs attributable to the CTI, Crown Atlantic and Crown operations. Costs of operations for network services and other as a percentage of network services and other revenues increased to 60.3% for the six months ended June 30, 1999 from 55.4% for the six months ended June 30, 1998, primarily due to lower margins from the CTI operations. Margins from the Crown network services operations increased for the six months ended June 30, 1999 as compared to the six months ended June 30, 1998. General and administrative expenses for the six months ended June 30, 1999 were $17.5 million, an increase of $8.8 million from the six months ended June 30, 1998. This increase was primarily attributable to (i) a $3.4 million increase in expenses related to the Crown operations; (ii) a $1.2 million increase in expenses at the Company's corporate office; (iii) $3.1 million in expenses at CTI; and (iv) $1.1 million in expenses at Crown Atlantic. General and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenues decreased for the six months ended June 30, 1999 to 13.2% from 37.5% for the six months ended June 30, 1998 because of lower overhead costs as a percentage of revenues for CTI and Crown Atlantic, partially offset by an increase in costs at Crown. Corporate development expenses for the six months ended June 30, 1999 were $2.9 million, compared to $2.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 1998. This increase was attributable to (i) a $0.2 million increase in expenses at the Company's corporate office and (ii) $0.7 million in expenses at CTI. Corporate development expenses for the six months ended June 30, 1998 include discretionary bonuses related to the Company's performance totaling approximately $0.8 million for certain members of the Company's management. In connection with the formation of Crown Atlantic, the Company completed a restructuring of its United States operations during the first quarter of 1999. The objective of this restructuring was to transition from a centralized organization to a regionally-based organization in the United States. For the six months ended June 30, 1999, the Company has recorded one-time charges of $1.8 million related to severance payments for staff reductions, as well as costs related to non-cancelable leases of excess office space. For the six months ended June 30, 1999, the Company has recorded non-cash compensation charges of $1.2 million related to the issuance of stock options to certain employees and executives. Depreciation and amortization for the six months ended June 30, 1999 was $49.5 million, an increase of $41.8 million from the six months ended June 30, 1998. This increase was primarily attributable to (i) $31.1 million of depreciation and amortization related to the property and equipment and goodwill from CTI; (ii) $7.8 million of depreciation and amortization related to the property and equipment and goodwill from Crown Atlantic; and (iii) a $2.6 million increase in depreciation and amortization related to the property and equipment, goodwill and other intangible assets related to the Crown operations. The equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliate represents the Company's 34.3% share of CTI's net earnings (losses) for the periods prior to August 1998 (at which time the share exchange with CTI's shareholders was consummated). For the six months ended June 30, 1998, after making appropriate adjustments to CTI's results of operations for such period to conform to generally accepted accounting principles of the United States, CTI had net revenues, operating income, interest expense (including amortization of deferred financing costs) and net income of $71.8 million, $11.2 million, $10.3 million and $1.5 million, respectively. 20

Included in CTI's results of operations for such period are non-cash compensation charges for approximately $3.2 million related to the issuance of stock options to certain members of CTI's management. Interest and other income (expense) for the six months ended June 30, 1999 resulted primarily from (i) the investment of the net proceeds from the Company's initial public offering of common stock (the "IPO") in August 1998; (ii) the investment of the excess proceeds from the sale of the Exchangeable Preferred Stock in December 1998; and (iii) the investment of the excess proceeds from the sale of the Company's common stock, 10 3/8% Discount Notes and 9% Notes in May 1999; largely offset by costs incurred in connection with unsuccessful acquisition attempts and a loss incurred upon the disposition of an investment in an affiliate. Interest and other income (expense) for the six months ended June 30, 1998 resulted primarily from the investment of the excess proceeds from the sale of the 10 5/8% Discount Notes. Interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs for the six months ended June 30, 1999 was $37.8 million, an increase of $27.8 million, or 277.4%, from the six months ended June 30, 1998. This increase was primarily attributable to interest on indebtedness at CTI and Crown Atlantic, amortization of the original issue discount on the 10 3/8% Discount Notes, interest on the 9% Notes and interest and fees on the term loans used to finance the escrow deposits for the BellSouth and Powertel transactions. Minority interests represent the minority shareholder's 20% interest in CTI's operations and the minority partner's 38.5% interest in Crown Atlantic's operations. The cumulative effect of the change in accounting principle for costs of start-up activities represents the charge recorded by the Company upon the adoption of SOP 98-5 on January 1, 1999. LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES As of June 30, 1999, the Company had consolidated cash and cash equivalents of $705.9 million (including $11.7 million at CTI and $52.8 million at Crown Atlantic), consolidated long-term debt of $1,194.7 million, consolidated redeemable preferred stock of $214.1 million and consolidated stockholders' equity of $1,436.4 million. The Company's business strategy contemplates substantial capital expenditures (i) in connection with the expansion of its tower portfolios by partnering with wireless carriers to assume ownership or control of their existing towers, by pursuing build-to-suit opportunities and by pursuing other tower acquisition opportunities and (ii) to acquire existing transmission networks globally as opportunities arise. Since its inception, the Company has generally funded its activities (other than acquisitions and investments) through excess proceeds from contributions of equity capital. The Company has financed acquisitions and investments with the proceeds from equity contributions, borrowings under the Senior Credit Facility, issuances of debt securities and the issuance of promissory notes to sellers. Since its inception, CTI has generally funded its activities (other than the acquisition of the BBC Home Service Transmission Business) through cash provided by operations and borrowings under the CTI Credit Facility. CTI financed the acquisition of the BBC Home Service Transmission Business with the proceeds from equity contributions and the issuance of the CTI Bonds. For the six months ended June 30, 1998 and 1999, the Company's net cash provided by (used for) operating activities was ($2.0 million) and $35.1 million, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 1998 and 1999, the Company's net cash provided by financing activities was $50.9 million and $1,047.7 million, respectively. The Company's primary financing-related activities in the first half of 1999 were borrowings under revolving credit agreements amounting to $104.6 million and the consummation of the Offerings. On May 12, 1999, the Company consummated the Offerings. The Company sold (i) 21,000,000 shares of its common stock at a price of $17.50 per share and received proceeds of $352.8 million (after underwriting discounts of $14.7 million); (ii) $500.0 million aggregate principal amount (at maturity) of its 10 3/8% Discount Notes for proceeds of $292.6 million (net of original issue discount of $198.3 million and after underwriting 21

discounts of $9.1 million); and (iii) $180.0 million aggregate principle amount of its 9% Notes for proceeds of $174.6 million (after underwriting discounts of $5.4 million). The Company had granted the underwriters for the Offerings an over-allotment option to purchase an additional 3,150,000 shares of the Company's common stock. On May 13, 1999, the underwriters exercised this over- allotment option in full. As a result, the Company received additional proceeds of $52.9 million (after underwriting discounts of $2.2 million). A portion of the proceeds from the Offerings was used to repay amounts drawn under the term loans in connection with the BellSouth and Powertel transactions. The remaining proceeds from the Offerings will be used to pay the remaining purchase price for such transactions, to fund the initial interest payments on the 9% Notes and for general corporate purposes. On June 15, 1999, the Company sold shares of its common stock to a subsidiary of TDF pursuant to TDF's preemptive rights related to two recent acquisitions. The Company sold 5,395,539 shares at $12.63 per share and 125,066 shares at $13.00 per share. The aggregate proceeds of approximately $69.8 million will be used for general corporate purposes. On July 20, 1999, the Company sold shares of its common stock to a subsidiary of TDF pursuant to TDF's preemptive rights related to the Offerings. The Company sold 8,351,791 shares at $16.80 per share. The aggregate proceeds of approximately $140.3 million will be used for general corporate purposes. On July 27, 1999, the Company sold debt securities in a private placement. The Company sold (i) $260.0 million aggregate principal amount (at maturity) of its 11 1/4% Discount Notes for proceeds of $147.5 million (net of original issue discount of $109.5 million and after underwriting discounts of $3.0 million) and (ii) $125.0 million aggregate principle amount of its 9 1/2% Notes for proceeds of $122.5 million (after underwriting discounts of $2.5 million). The proceeds from the sale of these securities will be used to pay the purchase price for the BellSouth DCS transaction, to fund the initial interest payments on the 9 1/2% Notes and for general corporate purposes. Capital expenditures were $127.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 1999, of which $0.6 million were for CCIC, $43.2 million were for Crown, $1.1 million were for Crown Atlantic and $82.7 million were for CTI. The Company anticipates that it will build, through the end of 1999, between 900 and 1,200 towers at an aggregate cost of between $170.0 million and $220.0 million. The Company also expects that the capital expenditure requirements related to the roll-out of digital broadcast transmission in the United Kingdom will be approximately (Pounds)40.0 million ($63.1 million). In addition to capital expenditures in connection with build-to-suits, the Company expects to apply a significant amount of capital to finance the remaining cash portion of the consideration being paid in connection with the recent transactions. In connection with Crown Atlantic, the Company issued approximately 15.6 million shares of its common stock and contributed $250.0 million in cash to Crown Atlantic. Crown Atlantic borrowed approximately $180.0 million under the Crown Atlantic Credit Facility, following which Crown Atlantic made a $380.0 million cash distribution to BAM. In connection with the BellSouth transaction, through August 3, 1999, the Company has issued approximately 2.6 million shares of its common stock and paid BellSouth $130.1 million in cash. The Company expects to (i) issue an additional 6.5 million shares of its common stock and (ii) use a portion of the net proceeds from the Offerings to finance the remaining $299.9 million cash purchase price for this transaction. In connection with the Powertel acquisition, the Company paid Powertel $261.5 million in cash on June 1, 1999. The Company expects to use a portion of the net proceeds from the Offerings to finance the remaining $13.5 million cash purchase price for this transaction. In connection with the BellSouth DCS transaction, the Company paid BellSouth DCS $183.8 million in cash on August 3, 1999. The Company expects to use a portion of the net proceeds from the sale of the 11 1/4% Discount Notes and the 9 1/2% Notes to finance the remaining $133.2 million cash purchase price for this transaction. The Company expects that the completion of the recent transactions and the execution of its new tower build, or build-to-suit program, will have a material impact on its liquidity. The Company expects that once integrated, these transactions will have a positive impact on liquidity, but will require some period of time to offset the initial adverse impact on liquidity. In addition, the Company believes that as new towers become operational and tenants are added, they should result in a long-term increase in liquidity. 22

To fund the execution of the Company's business strategy, including the recent transactions described above and the construction of new towers that the Company has agreed to build, the Company and its subsidiaries expect to use the net proceeds from the Offerings, the net proceeds from the sale of the 11 1/4% Discount Notes and the 9 1/2% Notes, the borrowings available under the Senior Credit Facility, the borrowings available under the CTI Credit Facility, the borrowings available under the Crown Atlantic Credit Facility and the remaining net proceeds from the sale in 1997 of the 10 5/8% Discount Notes. The Company will have additional cash needs to fund its operations in the future. The Company may also have additional cash needs in the near-term if additional tower acquisitions or build-to-suit opportunities arise. Some of the opportunities that the Company is currently pursuing could require significant additional capital. In the event the Company does not otherwise have cash available, or borrowings under its credit facilities have otherwise been utilized, when cash needs arise, the Company would be forced to seek additional debt or equity financing or to forego the opportunity. In the event the Company determines to seek additional debt or equity financing, there can be no assurance that any such financing will be available, on commercially acceptable terms or at all, or permitted by the terms of the Company's existing indebtedness. As of August 1, 1999, (i) the Company's subsidiaries had approximately $4.0 million of unused borrowing availability under the Senior Credit Facility; (ii) CTI had unused borrowing availability under the CTI Credit Facility of approximately (Pounds)90.0 million ($141.9 million); and (iii) Crown Atlantic had approximately $4.0 million of unused borrowing availability under the Crown Atlantic Credit Facility. The Company's various credit facilities require its subsidiaries to maintain certain financial covenants and place restrictions on the ability of the Company's subsidiaries to, among other things, incur debt and liens, pay dividends, make capital expenditures, undertake transactions with affiliates and make investments. These facilities also limit the ability of the borrowing subsidiaries to pay dividends to the Company. If the Company is unable to refinance its subsidiary debt or renegotiate the terms of such debt, it may not be able to meet its debt service requirements, including interest payments on the notes, in the future. The 9% Notes and the 9 1/2% Notes will require annual cash interest payments of approximately $16.2 million and $11.9 million, respectively. Prior to November 15, 2002, May 15, 2004 and August 1, 2004, the interest expense on the 10 3/8% Discount Notes, the 10 3/8% Discount Notes and the 11 1/4% Discount Notes, respectively, will be comprised solely of the amortization of original issue discount. Thereafter, the 10 5/8% Discount Notes, the 10 3/8% Discount Notes and the 11 1/4% Discount Notes will require annual cash interest payments of approximately $26.7 million, $51.9 million and $29.3 million, respectively. Prior to December 15, 2003, the Company does not expect to pay cash dividends on the Exchangeable Preferred Stock or, if issued, cash interest on the exchange debentures. Thereafter, assuming all dividends or interest have been paid-in-kind, the Exchangeable Preferred Stock or, if issued, the exchange debentures will require annual cash dividend or interest payments of approximately $47.8 million. Annual cash interest payments on the CTI Bonds are (Pounds)11.25 million ($17.7 million). In addition, the Senior Credit Facility, the CTI Credit Facility and the Crown Atlantic Credit Facility will require periodic interest payments on amounts borrowed thereunder. As a holding company, the Company will require distributions or dividends from its subsidiaries, or will be forced to use capital raised in debt and equity offerings, to fund its debt obligations, including interest payments on the cash-pay notes and eventually the 10 5/8% Discount Notes, the 10 5/8% Discount Notes and the 11 1/4% Discount Notes. As described above, the terms of the indebtedness of the Company's subsidiaries significantly limit such subsidiaries' ability to distribute cash to the Company. As a result, the Company will be required to apply a portion of the net proceeds from the recent debt offerings to fund interest payments on the cash-pay notes. If the Company does not retain sufficient funds from the offerings or any future financing, it may not be able to make its interest payments on the cash-pay notes. The Company's ability to make scheduled payments of principal of, or to pay interest on, its debt obligations, and its ability to refinance any such debt obligations, will depend on its future performance, which, to a certain extent, is subject to general economic, financial, competitive, legislative, regulatory and other factors that are beyond its control. The Company anticipates that it may need to refinance all or a portion of its indebtedness (including the 10 5/8% Discount Notes and the CTI Bonds) on or prior to its scheduled maturity. 23

There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to effect any required refinancings of its indebtedness on commercially reasonable terms or at all. REPORTING REQUIREMENTS UNDER THE INDENTURES GOVERNING THE COMPANY'S DEBT SECURITIES (THE "INDENTURES") AND THE CERTIFICATE OF DESIGNATIONS GOVERNING THE COMPANY'S 12 3/4% SENIOR EXCHANGEABLE PREFERRED STOCK (THE "CERTIFICATE") The following information (as such capitalized terms are defined in the Indentures and the Certificate) is presented solely as a requirement of the Indentures and the Certificate; such information is not intended as an alternative measure of financial position, operating results or cash flow from operations (as determined in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles). Furthermore, the Company's measure of the following information may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies. The Company has designated Crown Atlantic as an Unrestricted Subsidiary. Summarized financial information for (i) the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries and (ii) the Company's Unrestricted Subsidiaries is as follows: June 30, 1999 ----------------------------------------------------------- Company and Restricted Unrestricted Consolidation Consolidated Subsidiaries Subsidiaries Eliminations Total ------------ ------------ -------------- ------------ (In thousands of dollars) Cash and cash equivalents $ 641,483 $ 64,441 $ -- $ 705,924 Other current assets 29,325 32,226 -- 61,551 Property and equipment, net 564,339 1,051,307 -- 1,615,646 Investments in Unrestricted Subsidiaries 989,506 -- (989,506) -- Goodwill and other intangible assets, net 139,157 469,643 -- 608,800 Other assets, net 32,777 4,396 -- 37,173 ---------- ---------- --------- ---------- $2,396,587 $1,622,013 $(989,506) $3,029,094 ========== ========== ========= ========== Current liabilities $ 10,717 $ 75,122 $ -- $ 85,839 Long-term debt 733,462 461,219 -- 1,194,681 Other liabilities 1,925 44,066 -- 45,991 Minority interests -- 52,100 -- 52,100 Redeemable preferred stock 214,085 -- -- 214,085 Stockholders' equity 1,436,398 989,506 (989,506) 1,436,398 ---------- ---------- --------- ---------- $2,396,587 $1,622,013 $(989,506) $3,029,094 ========== ========== ========= ========== 24

Three Months Ended June 30, 1999 Six Months Ended June 30, 1999 --------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------- Company and Company and Restricted Unrestricted Consolidated Restricted Unrestricted Consolidated Subsidiaries Subsidiaries Total Subsidiaries Subsidiaries Total ------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- ------------- ------------------- (In thousands of dollars) Net revenues $ 17,793 $ 59,734 $ 77,527 $ 30,047 $102,589 $132,636 Costs of operations (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) 6,617 28,115 34,732 11,342 48,899 60,241 General and administrative 6,790 2,448 9,238 13,414 4,128 17,542 Corporate development 1,411 655 2,066 2,252 688 2,940 Restructuring charges -- -- -- 1,814 -- 1,814 Non-cash compensation charges 341 163 504 724 447 1,171 Depreciation and amortization 6,092 23,771 29,863 10,609 38,910 49,519 -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- Operating income (loss) (3,458) 4,582 1,124 (10,108) 9,517 (591) Interest and other income (expense) 949 3,590 4,539 (1,379) 6,258 4,879 Interest expense and amortization of deferred financing costs (15,643) (10,913) (26,556) (21,390) (16,452) (37,842) Provision for income taxes (70) -- (70) (197) -- (197) Minority interests -- 113 113 -- (572) (572) Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle for costs of start-up activities -- -- -- (2,414) -- (2,414) -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- Net loss $(18,222) $ (2,628) $(20,850) $(35,488) $ (1,249) $(36,737) ======== ======== ======== ======== ======== ======== Tower Cash Flow and Adjusted Consolidated Cash Flow for the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries is as follows under (i) the indenture governing the 10 5/8% Senior Discount Notes and the Certificate (the "1997 and 1998 Securities") and (ii) the indentures governing the 10 3/8% Discount Notes and the 9% Notes (the "1999 Securities"): 1997 and 1998 1999 Securities Securities -------------- ----------- (In thousands of dollars) Tower Cash Flow, for the three months ended June 30, 1999 $ 5,553 $ 5,553 ======== ======== Consolidated Cash Flow, for the twelve months ended June 30, 1999 $ 5,868 $ 10,723 Less: Tower Cash Flow, for the twelve months ended June 30, 1999 (17,079) (17,079) Plus: four times Tower Cash Flow, for the three months ended June 30, 1999 22,212 22,212 -------- -------- Adjusted Consolidated Cash Flow, for the twelve months ended June 30, 1999 $ 11,001 $ 15,856 ======== ======== IMPACT OF RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS In April 1998, the Accounting Standards Executive Committee of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants issued Statement of Position 98-5, Reporting on the Costs of Start-Up Activities ("SOP 98-5"). SOP 98-5 requires that costs of start-up activities be charged to expense as incurred and broadly defines such costs. The Company has deferred certain costs incurred in connection with potential business initiatives and 25

new geographic markets, and SOP 98-5 requires that such deferred costs be charged to results of operations upon its adoption. SOP 98-5 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 1998. The Company has adopted the requirements of SOP 98-5 as of January 1, 1999. The cumulative effect of the change in accounting principle for the adoption of SOP 98-5 resulted in a charge to results of operations for $2,414,000 in the Company's financial statements for the three months ended March 31, 1999. In June 1998, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities ("SFAS 133"). SFAS 133 requires that derivative instruments be recognized as either assets or liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet based on their fair values. Changes in the fair values of such derivative instruments will be recorded either in results of operations or in other comprehensive income, depending on the intended use of the derivative instrument. The initial application of SFAS 133 will be reported as the effect of a change in accounting principle. SFAS 133, as amended, is effective for all fiscal quarters of fiscal years beginning after June 15, 2000. The Company will adopt the requirements of SFAS 133 in its financial statements for the three months ending March 31, 2001. The Company has not yet determined the effect that the adoption of SFAS 133 will have on its consolidated financial statements. YEAR 2000 COMPLIANCE The year 2000 problem is the result of computer programs having been written using two digits (rather than four) to define the applicable year. Any of our computer programs that have date-sensitive software may recognize a date using "00" as 1900 rather than the year 2000, or may not recognize the date at all. This could result in a system failure or miscalculations causing disruption of operations including, among other things, a temporary inability to process transactions, send invoices, or engage in similar normal business activities. In 1997 we established a year 2000 project to ensure that the issue received appropriate priority and that necessary resources were made available. This project includes the replacement of our worldwide business computer systems with systems that use programs primarily from J.D. Edwards, Inc. The new systems are expected to make approximately 90% of our business computer systems year 2000 compliant and are in production today. Remaining business software programs, including those supplied by vendors, will be made year 2000 compliant through the year 2000 project or they will be retired. None of our other information technology projects has been delayed due to the implementation of the year 2000 project. Our year 2000 project is divided into the following phases: (1) inventorying year 2000 items; (2) assigning priorities to identified items; (3) assessing the year 2000 compliance of items determined to be material to us; (4) repairing or replacing material items that are determined not to be year 2000 compliant; (5) testing material items; and (6) designing and implementing contingency and business continuation plans for each organization and company location. We have completed the inventory, priority assessment and compliance assessment phases. We are now continuing with the testing phase of the year 2000 project. All critical broadcast equipment and non-information technology related equipment has been tested and is either year 2000 compliant or has been designated as year 2000 ready. A year 2000 ready designation implies the equipment or system will function without adverse effects beyond year 2000 but may not be aware of the century. All critical information technology systems have been designated year 2000 compliant or are scheduled to be retired or remediated by September 1999. The testing phase is ongoing as hardware or system software is remediated, upgraded or replaced. Testing as well as remediation is scheduled for completion in September 1999. The final phase of our year 2000 project, contingency planning, will be completed and tested to the extent possible by September 1999. We have expended approximately $7.5 million on the year 2000 project through June 30, 1999, of which approximately $6.8 million related to the implementation of the J.D. Edwards Systems and related hardware. Funds for the year 2000 project are provided from a separate budget of approximately $0.4 million for all remaining items. 26

The failure to correct a material year 2000 problem could result in an interruption in, or a failure of, certain normal business activities or operations. Such failures could materially and adversely affect our results of operations, liquidity and financial condition. Due to the general uncertainty inherent in the year 2000 problem, resulting in part from the uncertainty of the year 2000 readiness of third-party suppliers and customers, we are unable to determine at this time whether the consequences of year 2000 failures will have a material impact on our results of operations, liquidity or financial condition. The year 2000 project is expected to significantly reduce our level of uncertainty about the year 2000 problem and, in particular, about the year 2000 compliance and readiness of our material business partners. We believe that, with the implementation of new business systems and completion of the project as scheduled, the possibility of significant interruptions of normal operations should be reduced. ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK The Company, as a result of its international operating, investing and financing activities, is exposed to market risks, which include changes in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates which may adversely affect its results of operations and financial position. In seeking to minimize the risks and/or costs associated with such activities, the Company manages exposure to changes in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates. Certain financial instruments used to obtain capital are subject to market risks from fluctuations in market rates. The majority of our financial instruments, however, are long-term fixed interest rate notes and debentures. Therefore, fluctuations in market interest rates of 1% in 1999 would not have a material effect on the Company's consolidated financial results. The majority of our foreign currency transactions are denominated in the British pound sterling, which is the functional currency of CTI. As these contracts are denominated and settled in the functional currency, risks associated with currency fluctuations are minimized to foreign currency translation adjustments. The Company does not currently hedge against foreign currency translation risks and believes that foreign currency exchange risk is not significant to its operations. 27

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION ITEM 2. CHANGES IN SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS On March 31, 1999, the Company contributed via its wholly owned subsidiary, CCA Investment Corp. ("CCA"), 15,597,783 shares of common stock of the Company along with $250.0 million in cash to a joint venture ("Crown Atlantic") between CCA and Cellco Partnership, a Delaware general partnership doing business as Bell Atlantic Mobile ("BAM"), which owns and operates the wireless communication towers contributed by BAM to Crown Atlantic. The common stock contributed by CCA to Crown Atlantic was valued at $197.0 million for purposes of structuring the transaction. CCA has approximately a 61.5% membership interest in Crown Atlantic and BAM has approximately a 38.5% membership interest in Crown Atlantic along with a .001% interest in Crown Atlantic's operating subsidiary. BAM contributed 1,322 towers along with related assets and liabilities to Crown Atlantic plus the ecomomic benefit of 136 towers and was distributed $380.0 million in cash. BAM has entered into a global lease for space on the towers contributed to Crown Atlantic. Crown Atlantic has also entered into a build-to suit agreement with BAM as to 500 towers for the BAM wireless communication business and has a right of first refusal on the Company's next 300 build-to- suit tower opportunities not affiliated with BAM within the region of the contributed towers. The stock was issued and contributed in an exempt transaction pursuant to Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Act"). On June 15, 1999, the Company issued 5,520,605 shares of common stock to Digital Future Investments B.V. ("DFI"), a subsidiary of TeleDiffusion de France International S.A. ("TDF"), pursuant to preemptive rights contained in the Governance Agreement between the Company, TDF and DFI. DFI acquired 5,395,539 shares at $12.63 per share pursuant to its preemptive right relating to the Company's joint venture with BAM which closed on March 31, 1999. The additional 125,066 shares were issued to DFI at $13.00 per share pursuant to its preemptive right relating to the acquisition of Millennium Communications Limited by CTI in October 1998. The shares were issued in an exempt transaction pursuant to Section 4(2) of the Act. On July 20, 1999, the Company issued 8,351,791 shares of common stock to DFI pursuant to its preemptive rights relating to the Company's public offering of common stock in May 1999. The shares were acquired at a price of $16.80. The shares were issued in an exempt transaction pursuant to Section 4(2) of the Act. The Company has also issued 2,597,540 shares of common stock to TeleAggregation Group Inc. ("BellSouth"), an affiliate of BellSouth Corporation, pursuant to four closings relating to the Agreement to Sublease ("Agreement of Sublease") dated June 1, 1999 among BellSouth Mobility Inc., BellSouth Telecommunications, Inc., the transferring entities named therein, the Company and Crown Castle South Inc. (a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company). The transactions pursuant to the Agreement of Sublease will involve a series of closings with approximately 30% of the consideration being Company common stock. The Company contemplates that up to 9.1 million shares of Company common stock will be issued to BellSouth pursuant to the Agreement of Sublease. BellSouth was issued 1,104,814 shares on June 1, 1999, 235,694 shares on June 16, 1999, 1,163,737 shares on July 1, 1999 and 93,295 shares on August 3, 1999. The shares were issued in an exempt transaction pursuant to Section 4(2) of the Act. ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS The annual meeting of the stockholders of the Company was held on May 25, 1999, at which meeting the stockholders voted to re-elect its Class I Directors, ratified the appointment of KPMG LLP as independent auditors for 1999, and increased the number of authorized shares pursuant to the 1995 Stock Option Plan as Amended (increasing from 18,000,000 to 28,000,000). The voting results for each is listed below. 28

RE-ELECTION OF CLASS I DIRECTORS Carl Ferenbach - 73,131,826 votes for and 129,575 votes withheld. Jeffrey H. Schutz - 69,070,689 votes for and 4,190,712 votes withheld. Robert F. McKenzie - 73,131,871 votes for and 129,530 votes withheld. Note: Class A Common stockholders are not authorized to vote on Class I Directors. RATIFICATION OF APPOINTMENT OF KPMG LLP AS INDEPENDENT AUDITORS FOR 1999 84,556,399 votes for, 3,590 votes against and 41,412 votes abstaining. INCREASE THE NUMBER OF AUTHORIZED SHARES PURSUANT TO 1995 STOCK OPTION PLAN AS AMENDED (INCREASING FROM 18,000,000 TO 28,000,000) 75,783,034 votes for, 6,896,262 votes against and 49,712 votes abstaining. ITEM 6. EXHIBITS AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K (A) EXHIBITS: 4.1 Indenture dated as of August 3, 1999 between Crown Castle International Corp., as Issuer of 9 1/2% Senior Notes due 2011, and United States Trust Company of New York, as Trustee (including exhibits) 4.2 Indenture dated as of August 3, 1999 between Crown Castle International Corp., as Issuer of 11 1/4% Senior Discount Notes due 2011, and United States Trust Company of New York, as Trustee (including exhibits) 11.1 Computation of Net Loss Per Common Share 27.1 Financial Data Schedule (B) REPORTS ON FORM 8-K: The Registrant filed a Current Report on Form 8-K dated June 9, 1999 and filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") on June 9, 1999 reporting (i) under Item 2 thereof the acquisition of towers from Powertel; (ii) under Item 5 thereof the first closing under the BellSouth transaction; and (iii) under Item 7 thereof that certain financial statements for Powertel and certain pro forma financial statements for the Company would be filed separately when available. The Registrant filed a Current Report on Form 8-K/A dated June 9, 1999 and filed with the SEC on July 23, 1999 reporting under Item 7 thereof certain financial statements for Powertel and certain pro forma financial statements for the Company. The Registrant filed a Current Report on Form 8-K dated July 12, 1999 and filed with the SEC on July 13, 1999 reporting under Item 5 thereof the execution of a letter agreement with BellSouth DCS for the Sublease of its towers. The Registrant filed a Current Report on Form 8-K dated July 22, 1999 and filed with the SEC on July 22, 1999 reporting under Item 5 thereof the exercise of preemptive rights to purchase shares of the Company's common stock by TeleDiffusion de France International S.A. 29

SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized. CROWN CASTLE INTERNATIONAL CORP. Date: August 12, 1999 By: /s/ CHARLES C. GREEN, III -------------------------------------------- Charles C. Green, III Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) Date: August 12, 1999 By: /s/ WESLEY D. CUNNINGHAM -------------------------------------------- Wesley D. Cunningham Senior Vice President, Corporate Controller and Chief Accounting Officer (Principal Accounting Officer) 30

EXHIBIT 4.1 ================================================================================ EXECUTION COPY CROWN CASTLE INTERNATIONAL CORP. ISSUER 9 1/2% SENIOR NOTES DUE 2011 ---------------------------- INDENTURE Dated as of August 3, 1999 ---------------------------- United States Trust Company of New York Trustee ---------------------------- ================================================================================

CROSS-REFERENCE TABLE* Trust Indenture Act Section Indenture Section 310(a)(1)...................................................................... 7.10 (a)(2)...................................................................... 7.10 (a)(3)...................................................................... N.A. (a)(4)...................................................................... N.A. (a)(5)...................................................................... 7.10 (b)......................................................................... 7.10 (c)......................................................................... N.A. 311(a)......................................................................... 7.11 (b)......................................................................... 7.11 (c)......................................................................... N.A. 312(a)......................................................................... 2.05 (b)......................................................................... 11.03 (c)......................................................................... 11.03 313(a)......................................................................... 7.06 (b)(1)...................................................................... N.A. (b)(2)...................................................................... 7.07 (c)......................................................................... 7.06;11.02 (d)......................................................................... 7.06 314(a)......................................................................... 4.03;11.02 (b)......................................................................... N.A. (c)(1)...................................................................... 11.04 (c)(2)...................................................................... 11.04 (c)(3)...................................................................... N.A. (d)......................................................................... N.A. (e)......................................................................... 11.05 (f)......................................................................... N.A. 315(a)......................................................................... 7.01 (b)......................................................................... 7.05,11.02 (c)......................................................................... 7.01 (d)......................................................................... 7.01 (e)......................................................................... 6.11 316(a)(last sentence).......................................................... 2.09 (a)(1)(A)................................................................... 6.05 (a)(1)(B)................................................................... 6.04 (a)(2)...................................................................... N.A. (b)......................................................................... 6.07 (c)......................................................................... 2.12 317(a)(1)...................................................................... 6.08 (a)(2)...................................................................... 6.09 (b)......................................................................... 2.04 318(a)......................................................................... 11.01 (b)......................................................................... N.A. (c)......................................................................... 11.01 N.A. means not applicable. * This Cross Reference Table is not part of the Indenture.

TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ARTICLE 1 DEFINITIONS AND INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE Section 1.01. Definitions.............................................. 1 Section 1.02. Other Definitions........................................ 21 Section 1.03. Incorporation by Reference of Trust Indenture Act........ 21 Section 1.04. Rules of Construction.................................... 22 ARTICLE 2 THE NOTES Section 2.01. Form and Dating.......................................... 22 Section 2.02. Execution and Authentication............................. 23 Section 2.03. Registrar and Paying Agent............................... 23 Section 2.04. Paying Agent to Hold Money in Trust...................... 24 Section 2.05. Holder Lists............................................. 24 Section 2.06. Transfer and Exchange.................................... 24 Section 2.07. Replacement Notes........................................ 35 Section 2.08. Outstanding Notes........................................ 35 Section 2.09. Treasury Notes........................................... 35 Section 2.10. Temporary Notes.......................................... 35 Section 2.11. Cancellation............................................. 36 Section 2.12. Defaulted Interest....................................... 36 ARTICLE 3 REDEMPTION AND PREPAYMENT Section 3.01. Notices to Trustee....................................... 36 Section 3.02. Selection of Notes to Be Redeemed........................ 36 Section 3.03. Notice of Redemption..................................... 37 Section 3.04. Effect of Notice of Redemption........................... 38 Section 3.05. Deposit of Redemption Price.............................. 38 Section 3.06. Notes Redeemed in Part................................... 38 Section 3.07. Optional Redemption...................................... 38 Section 3.08. Mandatory Redemption..................................... 39 Section 3.09. Offer to Purchase by Application of Excess Proceeds...... 39 ARTICLE 4 COVENANTS Section 4.01. Payment of Notes......................................... 41 Section 4.02. Maintenance of Office or Agency.......................... 41 Section 4.03. Reports.................................................. 42 Section 4.04. Compliance Certificate................................... 42 Section 4.05. Taxes.................................................... 43 Section 4.06. Stay, Extension and Usury Laws........................... 43 Section 4.07. Restricted Payments...................................... 44 Section 4.08. Dividend and Other Payment Restrictions Affecting Subsidiaries............................................ 47 Section 4.09. Incurrence of Indebtedness and Issuance of Preferred Stock................................................... 49 Section 4.10. Asset Sales.............................................. 52 Section 4.11. Transactions with Affiliates............................. 53 Section 4.12. Liens.................................................... 54 Section 4.13. Business Activities...................................... 54 Section 4.14. Corporate Existence...................................... 54 i

Section 4.15. Offer to Repurchase Upon Change of Control............... 55 Section 4.16. Sale and Leaseback Transactions.......................... 56 Section 4.17. Limitation on Issuances and Sales of Capital Stock of Restricted Subsidiaries................................. 57 Section 4.18. Limitation on Issuances of Guarantees of Indebtedness.... 57 ARTICLE 5 SUCCESSORS Section 5.01. Merger, Consolidation, or Sale of Assets................. 58 Section 5.02. Successor Corporation Substituted........................ 59 ARTICLE 6 DEFAULTS AND REMEDIES Section 6.01. Events of Default........................................ 59 Section 6.02. Acceleration............................................. 60 Section 6.03. Other Remedies........................................... 61 Section 6.04. Waiver of Past Defaults.................................. 61 Section 6.05. Control by Majority...................................... 61 Section 6.06. Limitation on Suits...................................... 61 Section 6.07. Rights of Holders of Notes to Receive Payment............ 62 Section 6.08. Collection Suit by Trustee............................... 62 Section 6.09. Trustee May File Proofs of Claim......................... 62 Section 6.10. Priorities............................................... 63 Section 6.11. Undertaking for Costs.................................... 63 ARTICLE 7 TRUSTEE Section 7.01. Duties of Trustee........................................ 63 Section 7.02. Rights of Trustee........................................ 64 Section 7.03. Individual Rights of Trustee............................. 65 Section 7.04. Trustee's Disclaimer..................................... 65 Section 7.05. Notice of Defaults....................................... 65 Section 7.06. Reports by Trustee to Holders of the Notes............... 65 Section 7.07. Compensation and Indemnity............................... 66 Section 7.08. Replacement of Trustee................................... 66 Section 7.09. Successor Trustee by Merger, etc......................... 67 Section 7.10. Eligibility; Disqualification............................ 67 Section 7.11. Preferential Collection of Claims Against Company........ 68 ARTICLE 8 LEGAL DEFEASANCE AND COVENANT DEFEASANCE Section 8.01. Option to Effect Legal Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance.............................................. 68 Section 8.02. Legal Defeasance and Discharge........................... 68 Section 8.03. Covenant Defeasance...................................... 69 Section 8.04. Conditions to Legal or Covenant Defeasance............... 69 Section 8.05. Deposited Money and Government Securities to be Held in Trust; Other Miscellaneous Provisions................ 70 Section 8.06. Repayment to Company..................................... 71 Section 8.07. Reinstatement............................................ 71 ARTICLE 9 AMENDMENT, SUPPLEMENT AND WAIVER Section 9.01. Without Consent of Holders of Notes...................... 71 Section 9.02. With Consent of Holders of Notes......................... 72 Section 9.03. Compliance with Trust Indenture Act...................... 74 ii

Section 9.04. Revocation and Effect of Consents........................ 74 Section 9.05. Notation on or Exchange of Notes......................... 74 Section 9.06. Trustee to Sign Amendments, etc.......................... 74 ARTICLE 10 NOTE GUARANTEES Section 10.01. Guarantee............................................... 74 Section 10.02. Limitation on Guarantor Liability....................... 75 Section 10.03. Execution and Delivery of Note Guarantee................ 76 Section 10.04. Guarantors May Consolidate, etc., on Certain Terms...... 76 Section 10.05. Releases Following Sale of Assets....................... 77 ARTICLE 11 MISCELLANEOUS Section 11.01. Trust Indenture Act Controls............................ 77 Section 11.02. Notices................................................. 77 Section 11.03. Communication by Holders of Notes with Other Holders of Notes............................................... 79 Section 11.04. Certificate and Opinion as to Conditions Precedent...... 79 Section 11.05. Statements Required in Certificate or Opinion........... 79 Section 11.06. Rules by Trustee and Agents............................. 79 Section 11.07. No Personal Liability of Directors, Officers, Employees and Stockholders....................................... 80 Section 11.08. Governing Law........................................... 80 Section 11.09. No Adverse Interpretation of Other Agreements........... 80 Section 11.10. Successors.............................................. 80 Section 11.11. Severability............................................ 80 Section 11.12. Counterpart Originals................................... 80 Section 11.13. Table of Contents, Headings, etc........................ 80 EXHIBITS Exhibit A FORM OF NOTE Exhibit B FORM OF CERTIFICATE OF TRANSFER Exhibit C FORM OF CERTIFICATE OF EXCHANGE Exhibit D FORM OF CERTIFICATE FROM ACQUIRING INSTITUTIONAL ACCREDITED INVESTOR Exhibit E FORM OF NOTATION OF GUARANTEE Exhibit F FORM OF SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURE TO BE DELIVERED BY SUBSEQUENT GUARANTORS iii

INDENTURE dated as of August 3, 1999 between Crown Castle International Corp., a Delaware corporation (the "Company"), and United States Trust Company of New York, as trustee (the "Trustee"). The Company and the Trustee agree as follows for the benefit of each other and for the equal and ratable benefit of the Holders of the 9 1/2% Senior Discount Notes due 2011 (each, a "Note", and, collectively, the "Notes"): ARTICLE 1 DEFINITIONS AND INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE Section 1.01. Definitions. "9% Senior Notes" means the Company's 9% Senior Notes due 2011. "10-3/8% Senior Discount Notes" means the Company's 10-3/8% Senior Discount Notes due 2011. "144A Global Note" means a global note substantially in the form of Exhibit A hereto bearing the Global Note Legend and the Private Placement Legend and deposited with or on behalf of, and registered in the name of, the Depositary or its nominee that will be issued in a denomination equal to the outstanding principal amount of the Notes sold in reliance on Rule 144A. "Acquired Debt" means, with respect to any specified Person: (1) Indebtedness of any other Person existing at the time such other Person is merged with or into or became a Subsidiary of such specified Person, including, without limitation, Indebtedness incurred in connection with, or in contemplation of, such other Person merging with or into or becoming a Subsidiary of such specified Person; and (2) Indebtedness secured by a Lien encumbering any asset acquired by such specified Person. "Additional Notes" means up to $75.00 million in aggregate principal amount of Notes issued under this Indenture, in accordance with Sections 2.02 and 4.09 hereof. "Adjusted Consolidated Cash Flow" means, as of any date of determination, the sum of: (1) the Consolidated Cash Flow of the Company for the four most recent full fiscal quarters ending immediately prior to such date for which internal financial statements are available, less the Company's Tower Cash Flow for such four-quarter period; plus (2) the product of four times the Company's Tower Cash Flow for the most recent fiscal quarter for which internal financial statements are available. For purposes of making the computation referred to above: (1) acquisitions that have been made by the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries, including through mergers or consolidations and including any related financing transactions, during the reference period or subsequent to such reference period and on or prior to the

calculation date shall be deemed to have occurred on the first day of the reference period and Consolidated Cash Flow for such reference period shall be calculated without giving effect to clause (2) of the proviso set forth in the definition of Consolidated Net Income; (2) the Consolidated Cash Flow attributable to discontinued operations, as determined in accordance with GAAP, and operations or businesses disposed of prior to the calculation date, shall be excluded; and (3) the corporate development expense of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries calculated in a manner consistent with the audited financial statements of the Company included in the Offering Circular shall be added to Consolidated Cash Flow to the extent it was included in computing Consolidated Net Income. "Affiliate" of any specified Person means any other Person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with such specified Person. For purposes of this definition, "control" (including, with correlative meanings, the terms "controlling," "controlled by" and "under common control with"), as used with respect to any Person, shall mean the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management or policies of such Person, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by agreement or otherwise; provided that beneficial ownership of 10% or more of the Voting Stock of a Person shall be deemed to be control. "Agent" means any Registrar, Paying Agent or co-registrar. "Applicable Procedures" means, with respect to any transfer or exchange of or for beneficial interests in any Global Note, the rules and procedures of the Depositary, Euroclear and Cedel that apply to such transfer or exchange. "Asset Sale" means: (1) the sale, lease, conveyance or other disposition of any assets or rights (including, without limitation, by way of a sale and leaseback); provided that the sale, lease, conveyance or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company and its Subsidiaries taken as a whole will be governed by the Section 4.15 and Article 5 hereof and not by Section 4.10 hereof; and (2) the issue or sale by the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries of Equity Interests of any of the Company's Subsidiaries (other than directors' qualifying shares or shares required by applicable law to be held by a Person other than the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary), in the case of either clause (1) or (2), whether in a single transaction or a series of related transactions: (a) that have a fair market value in excess of $1.0 million; or (b) for net proceeds in excess of $1.0 million. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the following items shall not be deemed to be Asset Sales: (1) a transfer of assets by the Company to a Restricted Subsidiary or by a Restricted Subsidiary to the Company or to another Restricted Subsidiary; (2) an issuance of Equity Interests by a Subsidiary to the Company or to another Restricted Subsidiary; 2

(3) a transfer or issuance of Equity Interests of an Unrestricted Subsidiary to an Unrestricted Subsidiary; provided, however, that such transfer or issuance does not result in a decrease in the percentage of ownership of the voting securities of such transferee Unrestricted Subsidiary that are collectively held by the Company and its Subsidiaries; (4) a Restricted Payment that is permitted by Section 4.07 hereof; (5) grants of leases or licenses in the ordinary course of business; and (6) disposals of Cash Equivalents. "Attributable Debt" in respect of a sale and leaseback transaction means, at the time of determination, the present value (discounted at the rate of interest implicit in such transaction, determined in accordance with GAAP) of the obligation of the lessee for net rental payments during the remaining term of the lease included in such sale and leaseback transaction (including any period for which such lease has been extended or may, at the option of the lessor, be extended). "Bankruptcy Law" means Title 11, U.S. Code or any similar federal or state law for the relief of debtors. "Board of Directors" means the Board of Directors of the Company, or any authorized committee of the Board of Directors. "Broker-Dealer" means any broker or dealer registered under the Exchange Act. "Business Day" means any day other than a Legal Holiday. "Capital Lease Obligation" means, at the time any determination thereof is to be made, the amount of the liability in respect of a capital lease that would at such time be required to be capitalized on a balance sheet in accordance with GAAP. "Capital Stock" means: (1) in the case of a corporation, corporate stock; (2) in the case of an association or business entity, any and all shares, interests, participations, rights or other equivalents (however designated) of corporate stock; (3) in the case of a partnership or limited liability company, partnership or membership interests (whether general or limited); and (4) any other interest or participation that confers on a Person the right to receive a share of the profits and losses of, or distributions of assets of, the issuing Person. "Cash Equivalents" means: (1) United States dollars; (2) securities issued or directly and fully guaranteed or insured by the United States government or any agency or instrumentality thereof (provided that the full faith and credit of the United 3

States is pledged in support thereof) having maturities of not more than six months from the date of acquisition; (3) certificates of deposit and eurodollar time deposits with maturities of six months or less from the date of acquisition, bankers' acceptances with maturities not exceeding six months and overnight bank deposits, in each case with any lender party to the Senior Credit Facility or with any domestic commercial bank having capital and surplus in excess of $500.0 million and a Thompson Bank Watch Rating of "B" or better; (4) repurchase obligations with a term of not more than seven days for underlying securities of the types described in clauses (2) and (3) above entered into with any financial institution meeting the qualifications specified in clause (3) above; (5) commercial paper having the highest rating obtainable from Moody's Investors Service, Inc. or Standard & Poor's Ratings Group and in each case maturing within six months after the date of acquisition; and (6) money market funds at least 95% of the assets of which constitute Cash Equivalents of the kinds described in clauses (1)-(5) of this definition. "CCAIC" means CCA Investment Corp., which is an indirect wholly owned Subsidiary of the Company and was formed to hold the Company's Equity Interests in Crown Atlantic Holding Company LLC. "Cedel" means Cedel Bank, S.A. "Change of Control" means the occurrence of any of the following: (1) the sale, lease, transfer, conveyance or other disposition (other than by way of merger or consolidation), in one or a series of related transactions, of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries, taken as a whole to any "person" (as such term is used in Section 13(d)(3) of the Exchange Act) other than a Principal or a Related Party of a Principal; (2) the adoption of a plan relating to the liquidation or dissolution of the Company; (3) the consummation of any transaction (including, without limitation, any merger or consolidation) the result of which is that any "person" (as defined above), other than the Principals and their Related Parties, becomes the "beneficial owner" (as such term is defined in Rule 13d-3 and Rule 13d-5 under the Exchange Act, except that a person shall be deemed to have "beneficial ownership" of all securities that such person has the right to acquire, whether such right is currently exercisable or is exercisable only upon the occurrence of a subsequent condition), directly or indirectly, of more than 50% of the Voting Stock of the Company (measured by voting power rather than number of shares); provided that transfers of Equity Interests in the Company between or among the beneficial owners of the Company's Equity Interests and/or Equity Interests in CTSH, in each case as of the date hereof, will not be deemed to cause a Change of Control under this clause (3) so long as no single Person together with its Affiliates acquires a beneficial interest in more of the Voting 4

Stock of the Company than is at the time collectively beneficially owned by the Principals and their Related Parties; (4) the first day on which a majority of the members of the Board of Directors are not Continuing Directors; or (5) the Company consolidates with, or merges with or into, any Person, or any Person consolidates with, or merges with or into, the Company, in any such event pursuant to a transaction in which any of the outstanding Voting Stock of the Company is converted into or exchanged for cash, securities or other property, other than any such transaction where: (a) the Voting Stock of the Company outstanding immediately prior to such transaction is converted into or exchanged for Voting Stock (other than Disqualified Stock) of the surviving or transferee Person constituting a majority of the outstanding shares of such Voting Stock of such surviving or transferee Person (immediately after giving effect to such issuance); or (b) the Principals and their Related Parties own a majority of such outstanding shares after such transaction. "Company" means Crown Castle International Corp., and any and all successors thereto. "Completed Tower" means any wireless transmission tower owned or managed by the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries that, as of any date of determination: (1) has at least one wireless communications or broadcast tenant that has executed a definitive lease with the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries, which lease is producing revenue with respect to the tower as of the date of determination; and (2) has capacity for at least two tenants in addition to the tenant referred to in clause (1) of this definition. "Consolidated Cash Flow" means, with respect to any Person for any period, the Consolidated Net Income of such Person for such period; plus (1) provision for taxes based on income or profits of such Person and its Restricted Subsidiaries for such period, to the extent that such provision for taxes was included in computing such Consolidated Net Income; plus (2) consolidated interest expense of such Person and its Restricted Subsidiaries for such period, whether paid or accrued and whether or not capitalized (including, without limitation, amortization of debt issuance costs and original issue discount, non-cash interest payments, the interest component of any deferred payment obligations, the interest component of all payments associated with Capital Lease Obligations, commissions, discounts and other fees and charges incurred in respect of letters of credit or bankers' acceptance financings, and net payments (if any) pursuant to Hedging Obligations), to the extent that any such expense was deducted in computing such Consolidated Net Income; plus 5

(3) depreciation, amortization (including amortization of goodwill and other intangibles and other non-cash expenses (excluding any such non- cash expense to the extent that it represents an accrual of or reserve for cash expenses in any future period) of such Person and its Restricted Subsidiaries for such period to the extent that such depreciation, amortization and other non-cash expenses were deducted in computing such Consolidated Net Income; minus (4) non-cash items increasing such Consolidated Net Income for such period (excluding any items that were accrued in the ordinary course of business), in each case on a consolidated basis and determined in accordance with GAAP. "Consolidated Indebtedness" means, with respect to any Person as of any date of determination, the sum, without duplication, of (1) the total amount of Indebtedness of such Person and its Restricted Subsidiaries; plus (2) the total amount of Indebtedness of any other Person, to the extent that such Indebtedness has been Guaranteed by the referent Person or one or more of its Restricted Subsidiaries; plus (3) the aggregate liquidation value of all Disqualified Stock of such Person and all preferred stock of Restricted Subsidiaries of such Person, in each case, determined on a consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP. "Consolidated Interest Expense" means, with respect to any Person for any period: (1) the consolidated interest expense of such Person and its Restricted Subsidiaries for such period determined in accordance with GAAP, whether paid or accrued and whether or not capitalized (including, without limitation, amortization of debt issuance costs and original issue discount, non-cash interest payments, the interest component of any deferred payment obligations, the interest component of all payments associated with Capital Lease Obligations, imputed interest with respect to Attributable Debt, commissions, discounts and other fees and charges incurred in respect of letter of credit or bankers' acceptance financings, and net payments, if any, pursuant to Hedging Obligations); plus (2) all preferred stock dividends paid or accrued in respect of the Company's and its Restricted Subsidiaries' preferred stock to Persons other than the Company or a Wholly Owned Restricted Subsidiary of the Company other than preferred stock dividends paid by the Company in shares of preferred stock that is not Disqualified Stock. "Consolidated Net Income" means, with respect to any Person for any period, the aggregate of the Net Income of such Person and its Restricted Subsidiaries for such period, on a consolidated basis, determined in accordance with GAAP; provided that (1) the Net Income (but not loss) of any Person other than the Company that is not a Restricted Subsidiary or that is accounted for by the equity method of accounting shall be included only 6

to the extent of the amount of dividends or distributions paid in cash to the referent Person or a Restricted Subsidiary thereof; (2) the Net Income of any Person acquired in a pooling of interests transaction for any period prior to the date of such acquisition shall be excluded; (3) the cumulative effect of a change in accounting principles shall be excluded; and (4) the Net Income (but not loss) of any Unrestricted Subsidiary shall be excluded whether or not distributed to the Company or one of its Restricted Subsidiaries. "Consolidated Tangible Assets" means, with respect to the Company, the total consolidated assets of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries, less the total intangible assets of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries, as shown on the most recent internal consolidated balance sheet of the Company and such Restricted Subsidiaries calculated on a consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP. "Continuing Directors" means, as of any date of determination, any member of the Board of Directors who: (1) was a member of such Board of Directors on the date hereof; (2) was nominated for election or elected to such Board of Directors with the approval of a majority of the Continuing Directors who were members of such Board of Directors at the time of such nomination or election; or (3) is a designee of a Principal or was nominated by a Principal. "Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee" shall be at the address of the Trustee specified in Section 11.02 hereof or such other address as to which the Trustee may give notice to the Company. "Credit Facilities" means one or more debt facilities (including, without limitation, the Senior Credit Facility) or commercial paper facilities with banks or other institutional lenders providing for revolving credit loans, term loans, receivables financing (including through the sale of receivables to such lenders or to special purpose entities formed to borrow from such lenders against such receivables) or letters of credit, in each case, as amended, restated, modified, renewed, refunded, replaced or refinanced in whole or in part from time to time. "Crown Transaction Agreements" means, collectively: (1) the Crown Memorandum of Understanding among the Company, Robert A. Crown and Barbara A. Crown, dated as of July 2, 1998; (2) the Crown Services Agreement between the Company and Robert A. Crown, dated as of July 2, 1998; and (3) the Registration Rights Crown Side Letter Agreement, among the Company, Robert A. Crown and Barbara A. Crown, dated as of August 18, 1998. 7

"CTI" means Castle Transmission International Limited. "CTI Operating Agreement" means the memorandum of understanding among the Company, CTSH, CTI and TdF, dated as of August 21, 1998, relating to the development of certain business opportunities outside of the United States and the provision of certain business support and technical services in connection therewith. "CTI Services Agreement" means the amended and restated services agreement between CTI and TdF, dated as of August 21, 1998, relating to the provision of certain services to CTI. "CTSH" means Crown Transmission Services (Holdings) Ltd and its successors. "CTSH Shareholders' Agreement" means the agreement entered into by the Company, CTSH and TdF, dated as of August 21, 1998, to govern the relationship between the Company and Tdf as shareholders of CTSH. "Custodian" means the Trustee, as Custodian with respect to the Notes in global form, or any successor entity thereto. "Debt to Adjusted Consolidated Cash Flow Ratio" means, as of any date of determination, the ratio of: (1) the Consolidated Indebtedness of the Company as of such date to (2) the Adjusted Consolidated Cash Flow of the Company as of such date. "Default" means any event that is, or with the passage of time or the giving of notice or both would be, an Event of Default. "Definitive Note" means a certificated Note registered in the name of the Holder thereof and issued in accordance with Section 2.06 hereof, substantially in the form of Exhibit A hereto except that such Note shall not bear the Global Note Legend and shall not have the "Schedule of Exchanges of Interests in the Global Note" attached thereto. "Depositary" means, with respect to the Notes issuable or issued in whole or in part in global form, the Person specified in Section 2.03 hereof as the Depositary with respect to the Notes, and any and all successors thereto appointed as depositary hereunder and having become such pursuant to the applicable provision of this Indenture. "Disqualified Stock" means any Capital Stock that, by its terms (or by the terms of any security into which it is convertible or for which it is exchangeable, in each case, at the option of the holder thereof), or upon the happening of any event, matures or is mandatorily redeemable, pursuant to a sinking fund obligation or otherwise, or redeemable at the option of the holder thereof, in whole or in part, on or prior to the date that is 91 days after the date on which the Notes mature; provided, however, that any Capital Stock that would constitute Disqualified Stock solely because the holders thereof have the right to require the Company to repurchase such Capital Stock upon the occurrence of a Change of Control or an Asset Sale shall not constitute Disqualified Stock if the terms of such Capital Stock 8

provide that the Company may not repurchase or redeem any such Capital Stock pursuant to such provisions unless such repurchase or redemption complies with Section 4.07 hereof. "Eligible Indebtedness" means any Indebtedness other than: (1) Indebtedness in the form of, or represented by, bonds or other securities or any guarantee thereof; and (2) Indebtedness that is, or may be, quoted, listed or purchased and sold on any stock exchange, automated trading system or over-the-counter or other securities market (including, without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing, the market for securities eligible for resale pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act). "Equity Interests" means Capital Stock and all warrants, options or other rights to acquire Capital Stock (but excluding any debt security that is convertible into, or exchangeable for, Capital Stock). "Euroclear" means Morgan Guaranty Trust Company of New York, Brussels office, as operator of the Euroclear system. "Exchange Act" means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. "Exchange Notes" means the Notes issued in the Exchange Offer pursuant to Section 2.06(f) hereof. "Exchange Offer" has the meaning set forth in the Registration Rights Agreement. "Exchange Offer Registration Statement" has the meaning set forth in the Registration Rights Agreement. "Existing Indebtedness" means Indebtedness of the Company and its Subsidiaries (other than Indebtedness under the Senior Credit Facility) in existence on the date hereof, until such amounts are repaid. "GAAP" means generally accepted accounting principles set forth in the opinions and pronouncements of the Accounting Principles Board of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and statements and pronouncements of the Financial Accounting Standards Board or in such other statements by such other entity as have been approved by a significant segment of the accounting profession, which are in effect on the date hereof. "Global Note Legend" means the legend set forth in Section 2.06(f), which is required to be placed on all Global Notes issued under this Indenture. "Global Notes" means, individually and collectively, each of the Restricted Global Notes and the Unrestricted Global Notes, substantially in the form of Exhibit A hereto issued in accordance with Section 2.01, 2.06(b)(iv), 2.06(d)(ii) or 2.06(f) hereof. 9

"Governance Agreement" means the agreement among the Company, TdF and its affiliates, dated as of August 21, 1998, to provide for certain rights and obligations of the Company, TdF and its affiliates with respect to the management of the Company. "Government Securities" means direct obligations of, or obligations guaranteed by, the United States of America, and the payment for which the United States pledges its full faith and credit. "Guarantee" means a guarantee (other than by endorsement of negotiable instruments for collection in the ordinary course of business), direct or indirect, in any manner (including, without limitation, by way of a pledge of assets or through letters of credit or reimbursement agreements in respect thereof), of all or any part of any Indebtedness. The term "Guarantor" shall mean any Person Guaranteeing any obligation. "Hedging Obligations" means, with respect to any Person, the obligations of such Person under: (1) interest rate swap agreements, interest rate cap agreements and interest rate collar agreements; and (2) other agreements or arrangements designed to protect such Person against fluctuations in interest rates or currency exchange rates. "Holder" means a Person in whose name a Note is registered. "IAI Global Note" means the Global Note substantially in the form of Exhibit A hereto bearing the Global Note Legend and the Private Placement Legend and deposited with or on behalf of and registered in the name of the Depositary or its nominee that will be issued in a denomination equal to the outstanding principal amount of the Notes sold to Institutional Accredited Investors. "Indebtedness" means, with respect to any Person, any indebtedness of such Person, whether or not contingent, in respect of borrowed money or evidenced by bonds, notes, debentures or similar instruments or letters of credit (or reimbursement agreements in respect thereof) or banker's acceptances or representing Capital Lease Obligations or the balance deferred and unpaid of the purchase price of any property or representing any Hedging Obligations, except any such balance that constitutes an accrued expense or trade payable, if and to the extent any of the foregoing indebtedness (other than letters of credit and Hedging Obligations) would appear as a liability upon a balance sheet of such Person prepared in accordance with GAAP, as well as all Indebtedness of others secured by a Lien on any asset of such Person whether or not such Indebtedness is assumed by such Person (the amount of such Indebtedness as of any date being deemed to be the lesser of the value of such property or assets as of such date or the principal amount of such Indebtedness of such other Person so secured) and, to the extent not otherwise included, the Guarantee by such Person of any Indebtedness of any other Person. The amount of any Indebtedness outstanding as of any date shall be: (1) the accreted value thereof, in the case of any Indebtedness issued with original issue discount; and (2) the principal amount thereof, together with any interest thereon that is more than 30 days past due, in the case of any other Indebtedness. 10

"Indenture" means this Indenture, as amended or supplemented from time to time. "Indirect Participant" means a Person who holds a beneficial interest in a Global Note through a Participant. "Institutional Accredited Investor" means an institution that is an "accredited investor" as defined in Rule 501(a)(1), (2), (3) or (7) under the Securities Act, who are not also QIBs. "Investments" means, with respect to any Person, all investments by such Person in other Persons (including Affiliates) in the forms of direct or indirect loans (including guarantees of Indebtedness or other obligations), advances or capital contributions (excluding commission, travel and similar advances to officers and employees made in the ordinary course of business), purchases or other acquisitions for consideration of Indebtedness, Equity Interests or other securities, together with all items that are or would be classified as investments on a balance sheet prepared in accordance with GAAP. If the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary of the Company sells or otherwise disposes of any Equity Interests of any direct or indirect Subsidiary of the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary of the Company issues any of its Equity Interests such that, in each case, after giving effect to any such sale or disposition, such Person is no longer a Restricted Subsidiary of the Company, the Company shall be deemed to have made an Investment on the date of any such sale or disposition equal to the fair market value of the Equity Interests of such Subsidiary not sold or disposed of in an amount determined as provided in the final paragraph of Section 4.07 hereof. "Legal Holiday" means a Saturday, a Sunday or a day on which banking institutions in the City of New York or at a place of payment are authorized by law, regulation or executive order to remain closed. If a payment date is a Legal Holiday at a place of payment, payment may be made at that place on the next succeeding day that is not a Legal Holiday, and no interest shall accrue on such payment for the intervening period. "Lien" means, with respect to any asset, any mortgage, lien, pledge, charge, security interest or encumbrance of any kind in respect of such asset, whether or not filed, recorded or otherwise perfected under applicable law (including any conditional sale or other title retention agreement, any lease in the nature thereof, any option or other agreement to sell or give a security interest in and any filing of or agreement to give any financing statement under the Uniform Commercial Code (or equivalent statutes) of any jurisdiction). "Net Income" means, with respect to any Person, the net income (loss) of such Person, determined in accordance with GAAP and before any reduction in respect of preferred stock dividends, excluding, however: (1) any gain or loss, together with any related provision for taxes on such gain or loss, realized in connection with: (a) any Asset Sale (including, without limitation, dispositions pursuant to sale and leaseback transactions); or (b) the disposition of any securities by such Person or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries or the extinguishment of any Indebtedness of such Person or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries; and 11

(2) any extraordinary gain or loss, together with any related provision for taxes on such extraordinary gain or loss. "Net Proceeds" means the aggregate cash proceeds received by the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries in respect of any Asset Sale (including, without limitation, any cash received upon the sale or other disposition of any non-cash consideration received in any Asset Sale), net of: (1) the direct costs relating to such Asset Sale (including, without limitation, legal, accounting and investment banking fees, and sales commissions) and any relocation expenses incurred as a result thereof; (2) taxes paid or payable as a result thereof (after taking into account any available tax credits or deductions and any tax sharing arrangements); (3) amounts required to be applied to the repayment of Indebtedness (other than Indebtedness under a Credit Facility) secured by a Lien on the asset or assets that were the subject of such Asset Sale; (4) all distributions and other payments required to be made to minority interest holders in Restricted Subsidiaries as a result of such Asset Sale; (5) the deduction of appropriate amounts provided by the seller as a reserve in accordance with GAAP against any liabilities associated with the assets disposed of in such Asset Sale and retained by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary after such Asset Sale; and (6) without duplication, any reserves that Board of Directors determines in good faith should be made in respect of the sale price of such asset or assets for post closing adjustments; provided that in the case of any reversal of any reserve referred to in clause (5) or (6) above, the amount so reversed shall be deemed to be Net Proceeds from an Asset Sale as of the date of such reversal. "Non-Recourse Debt" means Indebtedness: (1) as to which neither the Company nor any of its Restricted Subsidiaries: (a) provides credit support of any kind (including any undertaking, agreement or instrument that would constitute Indebtedness); (b) is directly or indirectly liable (as a guarantor or otherwise); or (c) constitutes the lender; (2) no default with respect to which (including any rights that the holders thereof may have to take enforcement action against an Unrestricted Subsidiary) would permit (upon notice, lapse of time or both) any holder of any other Indebtedness of the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries to declare a default on such other Indebtedness or cause the payment thereof to be accelerated or payable prior to its stated maturity; and 12

(3) as to which the lenders have been notified in writing that they will not have any recourse to the stock or assets of the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries (except that this clause (3) will not apply to any Indebtedness incurred by CTSH and its Subsidiaries prior to the date CTSH became a Subsidiary). "Notes" has the meaning assigned to it in the preamble to this Indenture. "Obligations" means any principal, interest, penalties, fees, indemnifications, reimbursements, damages and other liabilities payable under the documentation governing any Indebtedness. "Offering" means the offering of the Notes by the Company. "Offering Circular" means the offering circular, dated July 27, 1999, relating to the offering of the Notes, including all amendments and all materials incorporated by reference in such Offering Circular. "Officer" means, with respect to any Person, the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the President, the Chief Operating Officer, the Chief Financial Officer, the Treasurer, any Assistant Treasurer, the Controller, the Secretary or any Vice-President of such Person. "Officers' Certificate" means a certificate signed on behalf of the Company by two Officers of the Company, one of whom must be the principal executive officer, the principal financial officer, the treasurer or the principal accounting officer of the Company, that meets the requirements of Section 11.04 hereof. "Opinion of Counsel" means an opinion from legal counsel who is reasonably acceptable to the Trustee, that meets the requirements of Section 11.04 hereof. The counsel may be an employee of or counsel to the Company, any Subsidiary of the Company or the Trustee. "Participant" means, with respect to the Depositary, Euroclear or Cedel, a Person who has an account with the Depositary, Euroclear or Cedel, respectively (and, with respect to DTC, shall include Euroclear and Cedel). "Permitted Business" means any business conducted by the Company, its Restricted Subsidiaries or CTSH and its Subsidiaries on the date hereof and any other business related, ancillary or complementary to any such business. "Permitted Investments" means: (1) any Investment in the Company or in a Restricted Subsidiary of the Company; (2) any Investment in Cash Equivalents; (3) any Investment by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary of the Company in a Person, if as a result of such Investment: (a) such Person becomes a Restricted Subsidiary of the Company; or 13

(b) such Person is merged, consolidated or amalgamated with or into, or transfers or conveys substantially all of its assets to, or is liquidated into, the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary of the Company; (4) any Restricted Investment made as a result of the receipt of non-cash consideration from an Asset Sale that was made pursuant to and in compliance with Section 4.10 hereof; (5) any acquisition of assets solely in exchange for the issuance of Equity Interests (other than Disqualified Stock) of the Company; (6) receivables created in the ordinary course of business; (7) loans or advances to employees made in the ordinary course of business not to exceed $2.0 million at any one time outstanding; (8) securities and other assets received in settlement of trade debts or other claims arising in the ordinary course of business; (9) purchases of additional Equity Interests in CTSH for cash pursuant to the governance agreement as the same is in effect on the date of the Senior Discount Notes Indenture for aggregate cash consideration not to exceed $20.0 million since the beginning of the quarter during which the Senior Discount Notes Indenture was executed; (10) the Investment of up to an aggregate of $100.0 million (each such Investment being measured as of the date made and without giving effect to subsequent changes in value); and (11) other Investments in Permitted Businesses not to exceed an amount equal to $10.0 million plus 10% of the Company's Consolidated Tangible Assets at any one time outstanding (each such Investment being measured as of the date made and without giving effect to subsequent changes in value). "Permitted Liens" means: (1) Liens securing Eligible Indebtedness of the Company under one or more Credit Facilities that was permitted by the terms hereof to be incurred; (2) Liens securing any Indebtedness of any of the Company's Restricted Subsidiaries that was permitted by the terms hereof to be incurred; (3) Liens in favor of the Company; (4) Liens existing on the date hereof; (5) Liens for taxes, assessments or governmental charges or claims that are not yet delinquent or that are being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings promptly instituted and diligently concluded; provided that any reserve or other appropriate provision as shall be required in conformity with GAAP shall have been made therefor; 14

(6) Liens securing Indebtedness permitted to be incurred under clause (5) of the second paragraph of Section 4.09 hereof; and (7) Liens incurred in the ordinary course of business of the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary of the Company with respect to obligations that do not exceed $5.0 million at any one time outstanding and that: (a) are not incurred in connection with the borrowing of money or the obtaining of advances or credit (other than trade credit in the ordinary course of business); and (b) do not in the aggregate materially detract from the value of the property or materially impair the use thereof in the operation of business by the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary. "Permitted Refinancing Indebtedness" means any Indebtedness of the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries issued in exchange for, or the net proceeds of which are used to extend, refinance, renew, replace, defease or refund, other Indebtedness of the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries (other than intercompany Indebtedness); provided that: (1) the principal amount (or initial accreted value, if applicable) of such Permitted Refinancing Indebtedness does not exceed the principal amount of (or accreted value, if applicable), plus accrued interest on, the Indebtedness so extended, refinanced, renewed, replaced, defeased or refunded (plus the amount of expenses and prepayment premiums incurred in connection therewith); (2) such Permitted Refinancing Indebtedness has a final maturity date later than the final maturity date of, and has a Weighted Average Life to Maturity equal to or greater than the Weighted Average Life to Maturity of, the Indebtedness being extended, refinanced, renewed, replaced, defeased or refunded; (3) if the Indebtedness being extended, refinanced, renewed, replaced, defeased or refunded is subordinated in right of payment to the Notes, such Permitted Refinancing Indebtedness is subordinated in right of payment to the Notes on terms at least as favorable to the Holders of Notes as those contained in the documentation governing the Indebtedness being extended, refinanced, renewed, replaced, defeased or refunded; and (4) such Indebtedness is incurred either by the Company or by the Restricted Subsidiary who is the obligor on the Indebtedness being extended, refinanced, renewed, replaced, defeased or refunded. "Person" means any individual, corporation, partnership, joint venture, association, joint-stock company, trust, unincorporated organization or government or agency or political subdivision thereof (including any subdivision or ongoing business of any such entity or substantially all of the assets of any such entity, subdivision or business). "Principals" means Berkshire Fund III, Limited Partnership; Berkshire Fund IV, Limited Partnership; Berkshire Investors LLC; Berkshire Partners LLC; Centenial Fund IV, L.P.; Centenial Fund 15

V, L.P.; Centenial Entrepreneurs Fund V, L.P.; Nassau Capital Partners II, L.P.; NAS Partners I, L.L.C., and TdF and any Related Party of the foregoing. "Private Placement Legend" means the legend set forth in Section 2.06(g)(i) to be placed on all Notes issued under this Indenture except where otherwise permitted by the provisions of this Indenture. "Public Equity Offering" means an underwritten primary public offering of common stock of the Company pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act. "QIB" means a "qualified institutional buyer" as defined in Rule 144A. "Registration Rights Agreement" means that certain Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of the date hereof, among the Company and the several purchasers named therein, as the same may be amended, modified or supplemented from time to time, and, with respect to any Additional Notes, one or more registration rights agreements between the Company and the other parties thereto, as such agreements may be amended, modified or supplemented from time to time, relating to the rights given by the Company to the purchasers of Additional Notes, to register such Additional Notes under the Securities Act. "Regulation S" means Regulation S promulgated under the Securities Act. "Regulation S Global Note" means a global Note bearing the Private Placement Legend and deposited with or on behalf of the Depositary and registered in the name of the Depositary or its nominee, issued in a denomination equal to the outstanding principal amount of the Notes initially sold in reliance on Rule 903 or Regulation S. "Related Party" with respect to any Principal means: (1) any controlling stockholder, 80% (or more) owned Subsidiary of such Principal; or (2) any trust, corporation, partnership or other entity, the beneficiaries, stockholders, members, partners, owners or Persons beneficially holding an 80% or more controlling interest of which consist of such Principal and/or such other Persons referred to in the immediately preceding clause (1). "Responsible Officer" with respect to the Trustee, means any officer within the Corporate Trust Administration of the Trustee (or any successor group of the Trustee) or any other officer of the Trustee customarily performing functions similar to those performed by any of the above designated officers and also means, with respect to a particular corporate trust matter, any other officer to whom such matter is referred because of his knowledge of and familiarity with the particular subject. "Restricted Definitive Note" means a Definitive Note bearing the Private Placement Legend. "Restricted Global Note" means a Global Note bearing the Private Placement Legend. "Restricted Investment" means an Investment other than a Permitted Investment. 16

"Restricted Subsidiary" of a Person means any Subsidiary of the referent Person that is not an Unrestricted Subsidiary. "Rights Agreement" means the agreement between the Company and ChaseMellon Shareholders Services, L.L.C., as rights agent, dated as of August 21, 1998, relating to the dividend declared by the Company consisting of the right to purchase 1/100th of a share of the Company's Series A Participating Cumulative Preferred Stock, par value $.01 per share. "Rule 144A" means Rule 144A promulgated under the Securities Act. "Rule 903" means Rule 903 promulgated under the Securities Act. "Rule 904" means Rule 904 promulgated under the Securities Act. "SEC" means the Securities and Exchange Commission. "Securities Act" means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. "Senior Credit Facility" means that certain Amended and Restated Loan Agreement, dated as of July 10, 1998, by and among Key Corporate Capital Inc. and PNC Bank, National Association, as arrangers and agents for the financial institutions listed therein, and Crown Communication Inc. and Crown Castle International Corp. de Puerto Rico, including any related notes, guarantees, collateral documents, instruments and agreements executed in connection therewith, and in each case as amended, modified, renewed, refunded, replaced or refinanced from time to time. "Senior Discount Note Indenture" means that certain indenture, dated as of May 17, 1999, between the Company and the United States Trust Company of New York, as trustee, governing the Company's 10-3/8% Senior Discount Notes. "Shelf Registration Statement" means the Shelf Registration Statement as defined in the Registration Rights Agreement. "Significant Subsidiary" means, with respect to any Person, any Restricted Subsidiary of such Person that would be a "significant subsidiary" of such Person as defined in Article 1, Rule 1-02 of Regulation S-X, promulgated pursuant to the Act, as such Regulation is in effect on the date hereof, except that all references to "10 percent" in Rule 1-02(w)(1), (2) and (3) shall mean "5 percent" and that all Unrestricted Subsidiaries of the Company shall be excluded from all calculations under Rule 1-02(w). "Special Interest" means all Special Interest (as defined in the Registration Rights Agreement) then owing pursuant to Section 2(c) of the Registration Rights Agreement. "Stated Maturity" means, with respect to any installment of interest or principal on any series of Indebtedness, the date on which such payment of interest or principal was scheduled to be paid in the original documentation governing such Indebtedness, and shall not include any contingent obligations to repay, redeem or repurchase any such interest or principal prior to the date originally scheduled for the payment thereof. 17

"Stockholders' Agreement" means the agreement among the Company and certain stockholders of the Company, dated as of August 21, 1998, to provide for certain rights and obligations of the Company and such stockholders with respect to the governance of the Company and such stockholders' shares of Common Stock and/or Class A Common Stock of the Company. "Strategic Equity Investment" means a cash contribution to the common equity capital of the Company or a purchase from the Company of common Equity Interests (other than Disqualified Stock), in either case by or from a Strategic Equity Investor and for aggregate cash consideration of at least $50.0 million. "Strategic Equity Investor" means a Person engaged in a Permitted Business whose Total Equity Market Capitalization exceeds $1.0 billion. "Subsidiary" means, with respect to any Person: (1) any corporation, association or other business entity of which more than 50% of the total voting power of shares of Capital Stock entitled (without regard to the occurrence of any contingency) to vote in the election of directors, managers or trustees thereof is at the time owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by such Person or one or more of the other Subsidiaries of that Person (or a combination thereof); and (2) any partnership: (a) the sole general partner or the managing general partner of which is such Person or a Subsidiary of such Person; or (b) the only general partners of which are such Person or of one or more Subsidiaries of such Person (or any combination thereof). "TdF" means TeleDiffusion de France International S.A. "TIA" means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 (15 U.S.C. (S)(S) 77aaa-77bbbb) as in effect on the date on which this Indenture is qualified under the TIA. "Total Equity Market Capitalization" of any Person means, as of any day of determination, the sum of: (1) the product of: (a) the aggregate number of outstanding primary shares of common stock of such Person on such day (which shall not include any options or warrants on, or securities convertible or exchangeable into, shares of common stock of such person); multiplied by (b) the average closing price of such common stock listed on a national securities exchange or the Nasdaq National Market System over the 20 consecutive business days immediately preceding such day; plus 18

(2) the liquidation value of any outstanding shares of preferred stock of such Person on such day. "Tower Asset Exchange" means any transaction in which the Company or one of its Restricted Subsidiaries exchanges assets for Tower Assets and/or cash or Cash Equivalents where the fair market value (evidenced by a resolution of the Board of Directors set forth in an Officers' Certificate delivered to the Trustee) of the Tower Assets and cash or Cash Equivalents received by the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries in such exchange is at least equal to the fair market value of the assets disposed of in such exchange. "Tower Assets" means wireless transmission towers and related assets that are located on the site of a transmission tower. "Tower Cash Flow" means, for any period, the Consolidated Cash Flow of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries for such period that is directly attributable to site rental revenue or license fees paid to lease or sublease space on communication sites owned or leased by the Company, all determined on a consolidated basis and in accordance with GAAP. Tower Cash Flow will not include revenue or expenses attributable to non-site rental services provided by the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries to lessees of communication sites or revenues derived from the sale of assets. "Trustee" means the party named as such above until a successor replaces it in accordance with the applicable provisions of this Indenture and thereafter means the successor serving hereunder. "Unrestricted Global Note" means a permanent global Note substantially in The form of Exhibit A attached hereto that bears the Global Note Legend and that has the "Schedule of Exchanges of Interests in the Global Note" attached thereto, and that is deposited with or on behalf of and registered in the name of the Depositary, representing a series of Notes that do not bear the Private Placement Legend. "Unrestricted Definitive Note" means one or more Definitive Notes that do not bear and are not required to bear the Private Placement Legend. "Unrestricted Subsidiary" means any Subsidiary of the Company that is designated by the Board of Directors as an Unrestricted Subsidiary pursuant to a board resolution; but only to the extent that such Subsidiary: (1) has no Indebtedness other than Non-Recourse Debt; (2) is not party to any agreement, contract, arrangement or understanding with the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary of the Company unless the terms of any such agreement, contract, arrangement or understanding are no less favorable to the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary than those that might be obtained at the time from Persons who are not Affiliates of the Company; (3) is a Person with respect to which neither the Company nor any of its Restricted Subsidiaries has any direct or indirect obligation: (a) to subscribe for additional Equity Interests; or 19

(b) to maintain or preserve such Person's financial condition or to cause such Person to achieve any specified levels of operating results; (4) has not guaranteed or otherwise directly or indirectly provided credit support for any Indebtedness of the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries; and (5) has at least one director on its Board of Directors that is not a director or executive officer of the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries and has at least one executive officer that is not a director or executive officer of the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries. Any such designation by the Board of Directors shall be evidenced to the Trustee by filing with the trustee a certified copy of the board resolution giving effect to such designation and an Officers' Certificate certifying that such designation complied with the foregoing conditions and was permitted by Section 4.07 hereof. If, at any time, any Unrestricted Subsidiary would fail to meet the foregoing requirements as an Unrestricted Subsidiary, it shall thereafter cease to be an Unrestricted Subsidiary for purposes of this Indenture, and any Indebtedness of that Subsidiary shall be deemed to be incurred by a Restricted Subsidiary of the Company as of such date (and, if such Indebtedness is not permitted to be incurred as of such date under Section 4.09 hereof, the Company shall be in default of Section 4.09 hereof). The Board of Directors may at any time designate any Unrestricted Subsidiary to be a Restricted Subsidiary; provided that the designation shall be deemed to be an incurrence of Indebtedness by a Restricted Subsidiary of the Company of any outstanding Indebtedness of such Unrestricted Subsidiary and the designation shall only be permitted if (1) such Indebtedness is permitted under Section 4.09 hereof, calculated on a pro forma basis as if such designation had occurred at the beginning of the four-quarter reference period and (2) no Default would occur or be in existence following such designation. "U.S. Person" means a U.S. person as defined in Rule 902(o) under the Securities Act. "Voting Stock" of any Person as of any date means the Capital Stock of such Person that is at the time entitled to vote in the election of the board of directors of such Person. "Weighted Average Life to Maturity" means, when applied to any Indebtedness at any date, the number of years obtained by dividing: (1) the sum of the products obtained by multiplying: (a) the amount of each then remaining installment, sinking fund, serial maturity or other required payments of principal, including payment at final maturity, in respect thereof; by (b) the number of years (calculated to the nearest one-twelfth) that will elapse between such date and the making of such payment; by (2) the then outstanding principal amount of such Indebtedness. "Wholly Owned Restricted Subsidiary" of any Person means a Restricted Subsidiary of such Person all of the outstanding Capital Stock or other ownership interests of which (other than directors' qualifying shares) shall at the time be owned by such Person or by one or more Wholly Owned 20

Restricted Subsidiaries of such Person or by such Person and one or more Wholly Owned Restricted Subsidiaries of such Person. Section 1.02. Other Definitions. Defined in Term Section - ---- ------- "Affiliate Transaction".......................................... 4.11 "Asset Sale"..................................................... 4.10 "Asset Sale Offer"............................................... 3.09 "Authentication Order"........................................... 2.02 "Change of Control Offer"........................................ 4.15 "Change of Control Payment"...................................... 4.15 "Change of Control Payment Date"................................. 4.15 "Covenant Defeasance"............................................ 8.03 "Event of Default"............................................... 6.01 "Excess Proceeds"................................................ 4.10 "incur".......................................................... 4.09 "Legal Defeasance"............................................... 8.02 "Offer Amount"................................................... 3.09 "Offer Period"................................................... 3.09 "Paying Agent"................................................... 2.03 "Payment Default"................................................ 6.01 "Permitted Debt"................................................. 4.09 "Purchase Date".................................................. 3.09 "Registrar"...................................................... 2.03 "Restricted Payments"............................................ 4.07 Section 1.03. Incorporation by Reference of Trust Indenture Act. Whenever this Indenture refers to a provision of the TIA, the provision is incorporated by reference in and made a part of this Indenture. The following TIA terms used in this Indenture have the following meanings: "indenture securities" means the Notes; "indenture security Holder" means a Holder of a Note; "indenture to be qualified" means this Indenture; "indenture trustee" or "institutional trustee" means the Trustee; and "obligor" on the Notes means the Company and any successor obligor upon the Notes. All other terms used in this Indenture that are defined by the TIA, defined by the TIA's reference to another statute or defined by SEC rule under the TIA have the meanings so assigned to them. 21

Section 1.04. Rules of Construction. Unless the context otherwise requires: (a) a term has the meaning assigned to it; (b) an accounting term not otherwise defined has the meaning assigned to it in accordance with GAAP; (c) "or" is not exclusive; (d) words in the singular include the plural, and in the plural include the singular; (e) provisions apply to successive events and transactions; and (f) references to sections of or rules under the Securities Act shall be deemed to include substitute, replacement or successor sections or rules adopted by the SEC from time to time. ARTICLE 2 THE NOTES Section 2.01. Form and Dating. (a) General. The Notes and the Trustee's certificate of authentication shall be substantially in the form of Exhibit A hereto. The Notes may have notations, legends or endorsements required by law, stock exchange rule or usage. Each Note shall be dated the date of its authentication. The Notes shall be in denominations of $1,000 and integral multiples thereof. The terms and provisions contained in the Notes shall constitute, and are hereby expressly made, a part of this Indenture and the Company and the Trustee, by their execution and delivery of this Indenture, expressly agree to such terms and provisions and to be bound thereby. However, to the extent any provision of any Note conflicts with the express provisions of this Indenture, the provisions of this Indenture shall govern and be controlling. (b) Global Notes. Notes issued in global form shall be substantially in the form of Exhibit A attached hereto (including the Global Note Legend thereon and the "Schedule of Exchanges of Interests in the Global Note" attached thereto). Notes issued in definitive form shall be substantially in the form of Exhibit A attached hereto (but without the Global Note Legend thereon and without the "Schedule of Exchanges of Interests in the Global Note" attached thereto). Each Global Note shall represent such of the outstanding Notes as shall be specified therein and each shall provide that it shall represent the aggregate principal amount of outstanding Notes from time to time endorsed thereon and that the aggregate principal amount of outstanding Notes represented thereby may from time to time be reduced or increased, as appropriate, to reflect exchanges and redemptions. Any endorsement of a Global Note to reflect the amount of any increase or decrease in the aggregate principal amount of outstanding Notes represented thereby shall be made by the Trustee or the Custodian, at the direction of the Trustee, in accordance with instructions given by the Holder thereof as required by Section 2.06 hereof. 22

(c) Euroclear and Cedel Procedures Applicable. The provisions of the "Operating Procedures of the Euroclear System" and "Terms and Conditions Governing Use of Euroclear" and the "General Terms and Conditions of Cedel Bank" and "Customer Handbook" of Cedel Bank shall be applicable to transfers of beneficial interests in Global Notes that are held by Participants through Euroclear or Cedel Bank. Section 2.02. Execution and Authentication. Two Officers shall sign the Notes for the Company by manual or facsimile signature. If an Officer whose signature is on a Note no longer holds that office at the time a Note is authenticated, the Note shall nevertheless be valid. A Note shall not be valid until authenticated by the manual signature of the Trustee. The signature shall be conclusive evidence that the Note has been authenticated under this Indenture. The Trustee shall, upon a written order of the Company signed by two Officers (an "Authentication Order"), authenticate Notes for original issue up to the aggregate principal amount stated in paragraph 4 of the Notes. The aggregate principal amount of Notes outstanding at any time may not exceed such amount except as provided in Section 2.08 hereof. The Trustee may appoint an authenticating agent acceptable to the Company to authenticate Notes. An authenticating agent may authenticate Notes whenever the Trustee may do so. Each reference in this Indenture to authentication by the Trustee includes authentication by such agent. An authenticating agent has the same rights as an Agent to deal with Holders or an Affiliate of the Company. Section 2.03. Registrar and Paying Agent. The Company shall maintain an office or agency where Notes may be presented for registration of transfer or for exchange ("Registrar") and an office or agency where Notes may be presented for payment ("Paying Agent"). The Registrar shall keep a register of the Notes and of their transfer and exchange. The Company may appoint one or more co-registrars and one or more additional paying agents. The term "Registrar" includes any co-registrar and the term "Paying Agent" includes any additional paying agent. The Company may change any Paying Agent or Registrar without notice to any Holder. The Company shall notify the Trustee in writing of the name and address of any Agent not a party to this Indenture. If the Company fails to appoint or maintain another entity as Registrar or Paying Agent, the Trustee shall act as such. The Company or any of its Subsidiaries may act as Paying Agent or Registrar. The Company initially appoints The Depository Trust Company ("DTC") to act as Depositary with respect to the Global Notes. The Company initially appoints the Trustee to act as the Registrar and Paying Agent and to act as Custodian with respect to the Global Notes. 23

Section 2.04. Paying Agent to Hold Money in Trust. The Company shall require each Paying Agent other than the Trustee to agree in writing that the Paying Agent will hold in trust for the benefit of the Holders or the Trustee all money held by the Paying Agent for the payment of principal of, or premium or Special Interest, if any, or interest on the Notes, and will notify the Trustee of any default by the Company in making any such payment. While any such default continues, the Trustee may require a Paying Agent to pay all money held by it to the Trustee. The Company at any time may require a Paying Agent to pay all money held by it to the Trustee. Upon payment over to the Trustee, the Paying Agent (if other than the Company or a Subsidiary) shall have no further liability for the money. If the Company or a Subsidiary acts as Paying Agent, it shall segregate and hold in a separate trust fund for the benefit of the Holders all money held by it as Paying Agent. Upon any bankruptcy or reorganization proceedings relating to the Company, the Trustee shall serve as Paying Agent for the Notes. Section 2.05. Holder Lists. The Trustee shall preserve in as current a form as is reasonably practicable the most recent list available to it of the names and addresses of all Holders and shall otherwise comply with TIA (S) 312(a). If the Trustee is not the Registrar, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee at least seven Business Days before each interest payment date and at such other times as the Trustee may request in writing, a list in such form and as of such date as the Trustee may reasonably require of the names and addresses of the Holders of Notes, and the Company shall otherwise comply with TIA (S) 312(a). Section 2.06. Transfer and Exchange. (a) Transfer and Exchange of Global Notes. A Global Note may not be transferred as a whole except by the Depositary to a nominee of the Depositary, by a nominee of the Depositary to the Depositary or to another nominee of the Depositary, or by the Depositary or any such nominee to a successor Depositary or a nominee of such successor Depositary. All Global Notes will be exchanged by the Company for Definitive Notes if (i) the Company delivers to the Trustee notice from the Depositary that it is unwilling or unable to continue to act as Depositary or that it is no longer a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act and, in either case, a successor Depositary is not appointed by the Company within 120 days after the date of such notice from the Depositary or (ii) the Company in its sole discretion determines that the Global Notes (in whole but not in part) should be exchanged for Definitive Notes and delivers a written notice to such effect to the Trustee. Upon the occurrence of either of the preceding events in (i) or (ii) above, Definitive Notes shall be issued in such names as the Depositary shall instruct the Trustee. Global Notes also may be exchanged or replaced, in whole or in part, as provided in Sections 2.07 and 2.10 hereof. Every Note authenticated and delivered in exchange for, or in lieu of, a Global Note or any portion thereof, pursuant to this Section 2.06, or Section 2.07 or 2.10 hereof, shall be authenticated and delivered in the form of, and shall be, a Global Note. A Global Note may not be exchanged for another Note other than as provided in this Section 2.06(a); however, beneficial interests in a Global Note may be transferred and exchanged as provided in Section 2.06(b), (c) or (f) hereof. (b) Transfer and Exchange of Beneficial Interests in the Global Notes. The transfer and exchange of beneficial interests in the Global Notes shall be effected through the Depositary, in accordance with the provisions of this Indenture and the Applicable Procedures. Transfers of beneficial 24

interests in the Global Notes also shall require compliance with either subparagraph (i) or (ii) below, as applicable, as well as one or more of the other following subparagraphs, as applicable: (i) Transfer of Beneficial Interests in the Same Global Note. Beneficial interests in any Restricted Global Note may be transferred to Persons who take delivery thereof in the form of a beneficial interest in the same Restricted Global Note in accordance with the transfer restrictions set forth in the Private Placement Legend. Beneficial interests in any Unrestricted Global Note may be transferred to Persons who take delivery thereof in the form of a beneficial interest in an Unrestricted Global Note. No written orders or instructions shall be required to be delivered to the Registrar to effect the transfers described in this Section 2.06(b)(i). (ii) All Other Transfers and Exchanges of Beneficial Interests in Global Notes. In connection with all transfers and exchanges of beneficial interests that are not subject to Section 2.06(b)(i) above, the transferor of such beneficial interest must deliver to the Registrar either (A) (1) a written order from a Participant or an Indirect Participant given to the Depositary in accordance with the Applicable Procedures directing the Depositary to credit or cause to be credited a beneficial interest in another Global Note in an amount equal to the beneficial interest to be transferred or exchanged and (2) instructions given in accordance with the Applicable Procedures containing information regarding the Participant account to be credited with such increase or (B) (1) a written order from a Participant or an Indirect Participant given to the Depositary in accordance with the Applicable Procedures directing the Depositary to cause to be issued a Definitive Note in an amount equal to the beneficial interest to be transferred or exchanged and (2) instructions given by the Depositary to the Registrar containing information regarding the Person in whose name such Definitive Note shall be registered to effect the transfer or exchange referred to in (1) above. Upon satisfaction of all of the requirements for transfer or exchange of beneficial interests in Global Notes contained in this Indenture and the Notes or otherwise applicable under the Securities Act, the Trustee shall adjust the principal amount of the relevant Global Note(s) pursuant to Section 2.06(g) hereof. (iii) Transfer of Beneficial Interests to Another Restricted Global Note. A beneficial interest in any Restricted Global Note may be transferred to a Person who takes delivery thereof in the form of a beneficial interest in another Restricted Global Note if the transfer complies with the requirements of Section 2.06(b)(ii) above and the Registrar receives the following: (A) if the transferee will take delivery in the form of a beneficial interest in the 144A Global Note, then the transferor must deliver a certificate in the form of Exhibit B hereto, including the certifications in item (1) thereof; (B) if the transferee will take delivery in the form of a beneficial interest in the Regulation S Global Note, then the transferor must deliver a certificate in the form of Exhibit B hereto, including the certifications in item (2) thereof; and (C) if the transferee will take delivery in the form of a beneficial interest in the IAI Global Note, then the transferor must deliver a certificate in the form of Exhibit B hereto, including the certifications and certificates and Opinion of Counsel required by item (3) thereof, if applicable. 25

(iv) Transfer and Exchange of Beneficial Interests in a Restricted Global Note for Beneficial Interests in the Unrestricted Global Note. A beneficial interest in any Restricted Global Note may be exchanged by any holder thereof for a beneficial interest in an Unrestricted Global Note or transferred to a Person who takes delivery thereof in the form of a beneficial interest in an Unrestricted Global Note if the exchange or transfer complies with the requirements of Section 2.06(b)(ii) above and: (A) such exchange or transfer is effected pursuant to the Exchange Offer in accordance with the Registration Rights Agreement and the holder of the beneficial interest to be transferred, in the case of an exchange, or the transferee, in the case of a transfer, certifies in the applicable Letter of Transmittal that it is not (1) a broker-dealer, (2) a Person participating in the distribution of the Exchange Notes or (3) a Person who is an affiliate (as defined in Rule 144) of the Company; (B) such transfer is effected pursuant to the Shelf Registration Statement in accordance with the Registration Rights Agreement; (C) such transfer is effected by a Broker-Dealer pursuant to the Exchange Offer Registration Statement in accordance with the Registration Rights Agreement; or (D) the Registrar receives the following: (1) if the holder of such beneficial interest in a Restricted Global Note proposes to exchange such beneficial interest for a beneficial interest in an Unrestricted Global Note, a certificate from such holder in the form of Exhibit C hereto, including the certifications in item (1)(a) thereof; or (2) if the holder of such beneficial interest in a Restricted Global Note proposes to transfer such beneficial interest to a Person who shall take delivery thereof in the form of a beneficial interest in an Unrestricted Global Note, a certificate from such holder in the form of Exhibit B hereto, including the certifications in item (4) thereof; and, in each such case set forth in this subparagraph (D), if the Registrar so requests or if the Applicable Procedures so require, an Opinion of Counsel in form reasonably acceptable to the Registrar to the effect that such exchange or transfer is in compliance with the Securities Act and that the restrictions on transfer contained herein and in the Private Placement Legend are no longer required in order to maintain compliance with the Securities Act. If any such transfer is effected pursuant to subparagraph (B) or (D) above at a time when an Unrestricted Global Note has not yet been issued, the Company shall issue and, upon receipt of an Authentication Order in accordance with Section 2.02 hereof, the Trustee shall authenticate one or more Unrestricted Global Notes in an aggregate principal amount equal to the aggregate principal amount of beneficial interests transferred pursuant to subparagraph (B) or (D) above. Beneficial interests in an Unrestricted Global Note cannot be exchanged for, or transferred to Persons who take delivery thereof in the form of, a beneficial interest in a Restricted Global Note. 26

(c) Transfer or Exchange of Beneficial Interests for Definitive Notes. (i) Beneficial Interests in Restricted Global Notes to Restricted Definitive Notes. If any holder of a beneficial interest in a Restricted Global Note proposes to exchange such beneficial interest for a Restricted Definitive Note or to transfer such beneficial interest to a Person who takes delivery thereof in the form of a Restricted Definitive Note, then, upon receipt by the Registrar of the following documentation: (A) if the holder of such beneficial interest in a Restricted Global Note proposes to exchange such beneficial interest for a Restricted Definitive Note, a certificate from such holder in the form of Exhibit C hereto, including the certifications in item (2)(a) thereof; (B) if such beneficial interest is being transferred to a QIB in accordance with Rule 144A under the Securities Act, a certificate to the effect set forth in Exhibit B hereto, including the certifications in item (1) thereof; (C) if such beneficial interest is being transferred to a Non-U.S. Person in an offshore transaction in accordance with Rule 903 or Rule 904 under the Securities Act, a certificate to the effect set forth in Exhibit B hereto, including the certifications in item (2) thereof; (D) if such beneficial interest is being transferred pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act in accordance with Rule 144 under the Securities Act, a certificate to the effect set forth in Exhibit B hereto, including the certifications in item (3)(a) thereof; (E) if such beneficial interest is being transferred to an Institutional Accredited Investor in reliance on an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act other than those listed in subparagraphs (B) through (D) above, a certificate to the effect set forth in Exhibit B hereto, including the certifications, certificates and Opinion of Counsel required by item (3) thereof, if applicable; (F) if such beneficial interest is being transferred to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, a certificate to the effect set forth in Exhibit B hereto, including the certifications in item (3)(b) thereof; or (G) if such beneficial interest is being transferred pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act, a certificate to the effect set forth in Exhibit B hereto, including the certifications in item (3)(c) thereof, the Trustee shall cause the aggregate principal amount of the applicable Global Note to be reduced accordingly pursuant to Section 2.06(h) hereof, and the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver to the Person designated in the instructions a Definitive Note in the appropriate principal amount. Any Definitive Note issued in exchange for a beneficial interest in a Restricted Global Note pursuant to this Section 2.06(c) shall be registered in such name or names and in such authorized denomination or denominations as the holder of such beneficial interest shall instruct the Registrar through instructions from the Depositary and the Participant or Indirect Participant. The Trustee shall deliver such Definitive Notes to the Persons in whose names such 27

Notes are so registered. Any Definitive Note issued in exchange for a beneficial interest in a Restricted Global Note pursuant to this Section 2.06(c)(i) shall bear the Private Placement Legend and shall be subject to all restrictions on transfer contained therein. (ii) Beneficial Interests in Restricted Global Notes to Unrestricted Definitive Notes. A holder of a beneficial interest in a Restricted Global Note may exchange such beneficial interest for an Unrestricted Definitive Note or may transfer such beneficial interest to a Person who takes delivery thereof in the form of an Unrestricted Definitive Note only if: (A) such exchange or transfer is effected pursuant to the Exchange Offer in accordance with the Registration Rights Agreement and the holder of such beneficial interest, in the case of an exchange, or the transferee, in the case of a transfer, certifies in the applicable Letter of Transmittal that it is not (1) a broker-dealer, (2) a Person participating in the distribution of the Exchange Notes or (3) a Person who is an affiliate (as defined in Rule 144) of the Company; (B) such transfer is effected pursuant to the Shelf Registration Statement in accordance with the Registration Rights Agreement; (C) such transfer is effected by a Broker-Dealer pursuant to the Exchange Offer Registration Statement in accordance with the Registration Rights Agreement; or (D) the Registrar receives the following: (1) if the holder of such beneficial interest in a Restricted Global Note proposes to exchange such beneficial interest for a Definitive Note that does not bear the Private Placement Legend, a certificate from such holder in the form of Exhibit C hereto, including the certifications in item (1)(b) thereof; or (2) if the holder of such beneficial interest in a Restricted Global Note proposes to transfer such beneficial interest to a Person who shall take delivery thereof in the form of a Definitive Note that does not bear the Private Placement Legend, a certificate from such holder in the form of Exhibit B hereto, including the certifications in item (4) thereof; and, in each such case set forth in this subparagraph (D), if the Registrar so requests or if the Applicable Procedures so require, an Opinion of Counsel in form reasonably acceptable to the Registrar to the effect that such exchange or transfer is in compliance with the Securities Act and that the restrictions on transfer contained herein and in the Private Placement Legend are no longer required in order to maintain compliance with the Securities Act. (iii) Beneficial Interests in Unrestricted Global Notes to Unrestricted Definitive Notes. If any holder of a beneficial interest in an Unrestricted Global Note proposes to exchange such beneficial interest for a Definitive Note or to transfer such beneficial interest to a Person who takes delivery thereof in the form of a Definitive Note, then, upon satisfaction of the conditions set forth in Section 2.06(b)(ii) hereof, the Trustee shall cause the aggregate principal amount of the applicable Global Note to be reduced accordingly pursuant to Section 2.06(h) hereof, and the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver to the Person designated in the 28

instructions a Definitive Note in the appropriate principal amount. Any Definitive Note issued in exchange for a beneficial interest pursuant to this Section 2.06(c)(iii) shall be registered in such name or names and in such authorized denomination or denominations as the holder of such beneficial interest shall instruct the Registrar through instructions from the Depositary and the Participant or Indirect Participant. The Trustee shall deliver such Definitive Notes to the Persons in whose names such Notes are so registered. Any Definitive Note issued in exchange for a beneficial interest pursuant to this Section 2.06(c)(iii) shall not bear the Private Placement Legend. (d) Transfer and Exchange of Definitive Notes for Beneficial Interests in Global Notes. (i) Restricted Definitive Notes to Beneficial Interests in Restricted Global Notes. If any Holder of a Restricted Definitive Note proposes to exchange such Note for a beneficial interest in a Restricted Global Note or to transfer such Restricted Definitive Notes to a Person who takes delivery thereof in the form of a beneficial interest in a Restricted Global Note, then, upon receipt by the Registrar of the following documentation: (A) if the Holder of such Restricted Definitive Note proposes to exchange such Note for a beneficial interest in a Restricted Global Note, a certificate from such Holder in the form of Exhibit C hereto, including the certifications in item (2)(b) thereof; (B) if such Restricted Definitive Note is being transferred to a QIB in accordance with Rule 144A under the Securities Act, a certificate to the effect set forth in Exhibit B hereto, including the certifications in item (1) thereof; (C) if such Restricted Definitive Note is being transferred to a Non-U.S. Person in an offshore transaction in accordance with Rule 903 or Rule 904 under the Securities Act, a certificate to the effect set forth in Exhibit B hereto, including the certifications in item (2) thereof; (D) if such Restricted Definitive Note is being transferred pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act in accordance with Rule 144 under the Securities Act, a certificate to the effect set forth in Exhibit B hereto, including the certifications in item (3)(a) thereof; (E) if such Restricted Definitive Note is being transferred to an Institutional Accredited Investor in reliance on an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act other than those listed in subparagraphs (B) through (D) above, a certificate to the effect set forth in Exhibit B hereto, including the certifications, certificates and Opinion of Counsel required by item (3) thereof, if applicable; (F) if such Restricted Definitive Note is being transferred to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, a certificate to the effect set forth in Exhibit B hereto, including the certifications in item (3)(b) thereof; or (G) if such Restricted Definitive Note is being transferred pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act, a certificate to the effect set forth in Exhibit B hereto, including the certifications in item (3)(c) thereof, 29

the Trustee shall cancel the Restricted Definitive Note, increase or cause to be increased the aggregate principal amount of, in the case of clause (A) above, the appropriate Restricted Global Note, in the case of clause (B) above, the 144A Global Note, in the case of clause (C) above, the Regulation S Global Note, and in all other cases, the IAI Global Note. (ii) Restricted Definitive Notes to Beneficial Interests in Unrestricted Global Notes. A Holder of a Restricted Definitive Note may exchange such Note for a beneficial interest in an Unrestricted Global Note or transfer such Restricted Definitive Note to a Person who takes delivery thereof in the form of a beneficial interest in an Unrestricted Global Note only if: (A) such exchange or transfer is effected pursuant to the Exchange Offer in accordance with the Registration Rights Agreement and the Holder, in the case of an exchange, or the transferee, in the case of a transfer, certifies in the applicable Letter of Transmittal that it is not (1) a broker-dealer, (2) a Person participating in the distribution of the Exchange Notes or (3) a Person who is an affiliate (as defined in Rule 144) of the Company; (B) such transfer is effected pursuant to the Shelf Registration Statement in accordance with the Registration Rights Agreement; (C) such transfer is effected by a Broker-Dealer pursuant to the Exchange Offer Registration Statement in accordance with the Registration Rights Agreement; or (D) the Registrar receives the following: (1) if the Holder of such Definitive Notes proposes to exchange such Notes for a beneficial interest in the Unrestricted Global Note, a certificate from such Holder in the form of Exhibit C hereto, including the certifications in item (1)(c) thereof; or (2) if the Holder of such Definitive Notes proposes to transfer such Notes to a Person who shall take delivery thereof in the form of a beneficial interest in the Unrestricted Global Note, a certificate from such Holder in the form of Exhibit B hereto, including the certifications in item (4) thereof; and, in each such case set forth in this subparagraph (D), if the Registrar so requests or if the Applicable Procedures so require, an Opinion of Counsel in form reasonably acceptable to the Registrar to the effect that such exchange or transfer is in compliance with the Securities Act and that the restrictions on transfer contained herein and in the Private Placement Legend are no longer required in order to maintain compliance with the Securities Act. Upon satisfaction of the conditions of any of the subparagraphs in this Section 2.06(d)(ii), the Trustee shall cancel the Definitive Notes and increase or cause to be increased the aggregate principal amount of the Unrestricted Global Note. (iii) Unrestricted Definitive Notes to Beneficial Interests in Unrestricted Global Notes. A Holder of an Unrestricted Definitive Note may exchange such Note for a beneficial interest in an Unrestricted Global Note or transfer such Definitive Notes to a Person who takes delivery thereof in the form of a beneficial interest in an Unrestricted Global Note at any time. Upon receipt of a request for such an exchange or transfer, the Trustee shall cancel the applicable Unrestricted 30

Definitive Note and increase or cause to be increased the aggregate principal amount of one of the Unrestricted Global Notes. If any such exchange or transfer from a Definitive Note to a beneficial interest is effected pursuant to subparagraphs (ii)(B), (ii)(D) or (iii) above at a time when an Unrestricted Global Note has not yet been issued, the Company shall issue and, upon receipt of an Authentication Order in accordance with Section 2.02 hereof, the Trustee shall authenticate one or more Unrestricted Global Notes in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of Definitive Notes so transferred. (e) Transfer and Exchange of Definitive Notes for Definitive Notes. Upon request by a Holder of Definitive Notes and such Holder's compliance with the provisions of this Section 2.06(e), the Registrar shall register the transfer or exchange of Definitive Notes. Prior to such registration of transfer or exchange, the requesting Holder shall present or surrender to the Registrar the Definitive Notes duly endorsed or accompanied by a written instruction of transfer in form satisfactory to the Registrar duly executed by such Holder or by its attorney, duly authorized in writing. In addition, the requesting Holder shall provide any additional certifications, documents and information, as applicable, required pursuant to the following provisions of this Section 2.06(e). (i) Restricted Definitive Notes to Restricted Definitive Notes. Any Restricted Definitive Note may be transferred to and registered in the name of Persons who take delivery thereof in the form of a Restricted Definitive Note if the Registrar receives the following: (A) if the transfer will be made pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act, then the transferor must deliver a certificate in the form of Exhibit B hereto, including the certifications in item (1) thereof; (B) if the transfer will be made pursuant to Rule 903 or Rule 904, then the transferor must deliver a certificate in the form of Exhibit B hereto, including the certifications in item (2) thereof; and (C) if the transfer will be made pursuant to any other exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act, then the transferor must deliver a certificate in the form of Exhibit B hereto, including the certifications, certificates and Opinion of Counsel required by item (3) thereof, if applicable. (ii) Restricted Definitive Notes to Unrestricted Definitive Notes. Any Restricted Definitive Note may be exchanged by the Holder thereof for an Unrestricted Definitive Note or transferred to a Person or Persons who take delivery thereof in the form of an Unrestricted Definitive Note if: (A) such exchange or transfer is effected pursuant to the Exchange Offer in accordance with the Registration Rights Agreement and the Holder, in the case of an exchange, or the transferee, in the case of a transfer, certifies in the applicable Letter of Transmittal that it is not (1) a broker-dealer, (2) a Person participating in the distribution of the Exchange Notes or (3) a Person who is an affiliate (as defined in Rule 144) of the Company; 31

(B) any such transfer is effected pursuant to the Shelf Registration Statement in accordance with the Registration Rights Agreement; (C) any such transfer is effected by a Broker-Dealer pursuant to the Exchange Offer Registration Statement in accordance with the Registration Rights Agreement; or (D) the Registrar receives the following: (1) if the Holder of such Restricted Definitive Notes proposes to exchange such Notes for an Unrestricted Definitive Note, a certificate from such Holder in the form of Exhibit C hereto, including the certifications in item (1)(d) thereof; or (2) if the Holder of such Restricted Definitive Notes proposes to transfer such Notes to a Person who shall take delivery thereof in the form of an Unrestricted Definitive Note, a certificate from such Holder in the form of Exhibit B hereto, including the certifications in item (4) thereof; and, in each such case set forth in this subparagraph (D), if the Registrar so requests, an Opinion of Counsel in form reasonably acceptable to the Company to the effect that such exchange or transfer is in compliance with the Securities Act and that the restrictions on transfer contained herein and in the Private Placement Legend are no longer required in order to maintain compliance with the Securities Act. (iii) Unrestricted Definitive Notes to Unrestricted Definitive Notes. A Holder of Unrestricted Definitive Notes may transfer such Notes to a Person who takes delivery thereof in the form of an Unrestricted Definitive Note. Upon receipt of a request to register such a transfer, the Registrar shall register the Unrestricted Definitive Notes pursuant to the instructions from the Holder thereof. (f) Exchange Offer. Upon the occurrence of the Exchange Offer in accordance with the Registration Rights Agreement, the Company shall issue and, upon receipt of an Authentication Order in accordance with Section 2.02, the Trustee shall authenticate (i) one or more Unrestricted Global Notes in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of the beneficial interests in the Restricted Global Notes tendered for acceptance by Persons that certify in the applicable Letters of Transmittal that (x) they are not broker- dealers, (y) they are not participating in a distribution of the Exchange Notes and (z) they are not affiliates (as defined in Rule 144) of the Company, and accepted for exchange in the Exchange Offer and (ii) Definitive Notes in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of the Restricted Definitive Notes accepted for exchange in the Exchange Offer. Concurrently with the issuance of such Notes, the Trustee shall cause the aggregate principal amount of the applicable Restricted Global Notes to be reduced accordingly, and the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver to the Persons designated by the Holders of Definitive Notes so accepted Definitive Notes in the appropriate principal amount. (g) Legends. The following legends shall appear on the face of all Global Notes and Definitive Notes issues under this Indenture unless specifically stated otherwise in the applicable provisions of this Indenture. (i) Private Placement Legend. 32

(A) Except as permitted by subparagraph (B) below, each Global Note and each Definitive Note (and all Notes issued in exchange therefor or substitution thereof) shall bear the legend in substantially the following form: "THE NOTES EVIDENCED HEREBY HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE UNITED STATES SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 (THE "SECURITIES ACT") AND MAY NOT BE OFFERED, SOLD, PLEDGED OR OTHERWISE TRANSFERRED EXCEPT (A)(1) TO A PERSON WHO THE SELLER REASONABLY BELIEVES IS A QUALIFIED INSTITUTIONAL BUYER WITHIN THE MEANING OF RULE 144A UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT PURCHASING FOR ITS OWN ACCOUNT FOR THE ACCOUNT OF A QUALIFIED INSTITUTIONAL BUYER IN A TRANSACTION MEETING THE REQUIREMENTS OF RULE 144A, (2) IN AN OFFSHORE TRANSACTION COMPLYING WITH RULE 903 OR RULE 904 OF REGULATION S UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT, (3) TO AN INSTITUTIONAL ACCREDITED INVESTOR IN A TRANSACTION EXEMPT FROM THE REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES ACT, (4) PURSUANT TO AN EXEMPTION FROM REGISTRATION UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT PROVIDED BY RULE 144 THEREUNDER (IF AVAILABLE) OR (5) PURSUANT TO AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT AND (B) IN ACCORDANCE WITH ALL APPLICABLE SECURITIES LAW OF THE STATES OF THE UNITED STATES." (B) Notwithstanding the foregoing, any Global Note or Definitive Note issued pursuant to subparagraphs (b)(iv), (c)(ii), (c)(iii), (d)(ii), (d)(iii), (e)(ii), (e)(iii) or (f) to this Section 2.06 (and all Notes issued in exchange therefor or substitution thereof) shall not bear the Private Placement Legend. (ii) Global Note Legend. Each Global Note shall bear a legend in substantially the following form: "THIS GLOBAL NOTE IS HELD BY THE DEPOSITARY (AS DEFINED IN THE INDENTURE GOVERNING THIS NOTE) OR ITS NOMINEE IN CUSTODY FOR THE BENEFIT OF THE BENEFICIAL OWNERS HEREOF, AND IS NOT TRANSFERABLE TO ANY PERSON UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCES EXCEPT THAT (I) THE TRUSTEE MAY MAKE SUCH NOTATIONS HEREON AS MAY BE REQUIRED PURSUANT TO SECTION 2.06 OF THE INDENTURE, (II) THIS GLOBAL NOTE MAY BE EXCHANGED IN WHOLE BUT NOT IN PART PURSUANT TO SECTION 2.06(a) OF THE INDENTURE, (III) THIS GLOBAL NOTE MAY BE DELIVERED TO THE TRUSTEE FOR CANCELLATION PURSUANT TO SECTION 2.11 OF THE INDENTURE AND (IV) THIS GLOBAL NOTE MAY BE TRANSFERRED TO A SUCCESSOR DEPOSITARY WITH THE PRIOR WRITTEN CONSENT OF CROWN CASTLE INTERNATIONAL CORP." (h) Cancellation and/or Adjustment of Global Notes. At such time as all beneficial interests in a particular Global Note have been exchanged for Definitive Notes or a particular Global Note has been redeemed, repurchased or canceled in whole and not in part, each such Global Note shall be returned to or retained and canceled by the Trustee in accordance with Section 2.11 hereof. At any time prior to such cancellation, if any beneficial interest in a Global Note is exchanged for or transferred to a Person who will take delivery thereof in the form of a beneficial interest in another Global Note or for Definitive Notes, the principal amount of Notes represented by such Global Note shall be reduced accordingly and an endorsement shall be made on such Global Note by the Trustee or by the Depositary 33

at the direction of the Trustee to reflect such reduction; and if the beneficial interest is being exchanged for or transferred to a Person who will take delivery thereof in the form of a beneficial interest in another Global Note, such other Global Note shall be increased accordingly and an endorsement shall be made on such Global Note by the Trustee or by the Depositary at the direction of the Trustee to reflect such increase. (i) General Provisions Relating to Transfers and Exchanges. (i) To permit registrations of transfers and exchanges, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate Global Notes and Definitive Notes upon the Company's order or at the Registrar's request. (ii) No service charge shall be made to a holder of a beneficial interest in a Global Note or to a Holder of a Definitive Note for any registration of transfer or exchange, but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any transfer tax or similar governmental charge payable in connection therewith (other than any such transfer taxes or similar governmental charge payable upon exchange or transfer pursuant to Sections 2.10, 3.06, 3.09, 4.10, 4.15 and 9.05 hereof). (iii) The Registrar shall not be required to register the transfer of or exchange any Note selected for redemption in whole or in part, except the unredeemed portion of any Note being redeemed in part. (iv) All Global Notes and Definitive Notes issued upon any registration of transfer or exchange of Global Notes or Definitive Notes shall be the valid obligations of the Company, evidencing the same debt, and entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture, as the Global Notes or Definitive Notes surrendered upon such registration of transfer or exchange. (v) The Company shall not be required (A) to issue, to register the transfer of or to exchange any Notes during a period beginning at the opening of business 15 days before the day of any selection of Notes for redemption under Section 3.02 hereof and ending at the close of business on the day of selection, (B) to register the transfer of or to exchange any Note so selected for redemption in whole or in part, except the unredeemed portion of any Note being redeemed in part or (C) to register the transfer of or to exchange a Note between a record date and the next succeeding Interest Payment Date. (vi) Prior to due presentment for the registration of a transfer of any Note, the Trustee, any Agent and the Company may deem and treat the Person in whose name any Note is registered as the absolute owner of such Note for the purpose of receiving payment of principal of and interest on such Notes and for all other purposes, and none of the Trustee, any Agent or the Company shall be affected by notice to the contrary. (vii) The Trustee shall authenticate Global Notes and Definitive Notes in accordance with the provisions of Section 2.02 hereof. (viii) All certifications, certificates and Opinions of Counsel required to be submitted to the Registrar pursuant to this Section 2.06 to effect a registration of transfer or exchange may be submitted by facsimile. 34

Section 2.07. Replacement Notes. If any mutilated Note is surrendered to the Trustee or the Company and the Trustee receives evidence to its satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of any Note, the Company shall issue and the Trustee, upon receipt of an Authentication Order, shall authenticate a replacement Note if the Trustee's requirements are met. If required by the Trustee or the Company, an indemnity bond must be supplied by the Holder that is sufficient in the judgment of the Trustee and the Company to protect the Company, the Trustee, any Agent and any authenticating agent from any loss that any of them may suffer if a Note is replaced. The Company may charge for its expenses in replacing a Note. Every replacement Note is an additional obligation of the Company and shall be entitled to all of the benefits of this Indenture equally and proportionately with all other Notes duly issued hereunder. Section 2.08. Outstanding Notes. The Notes outstanding at any time are all the Notes authenticated by the Trustee except for those canceled by it, those delivered to it for cancellation, those reductions in the interest in a Global Note effected by the Trustee in accordance with the provisions hereof, and those described in this Section as not outstanding. Except as set forth in Section 2.09 hereof, a Note does not cease to be outstanding because the Company or an Affiliate of the Company holds the Note; however, Notes held by the Company or a Subsidiary of the Company shall not be deemed to be outstanding for purposes of Section 3.07(b) hereof. If a Note is replaced pursuant to Section 2.07 hereof, it ceases to be outstanding unless the Trustee receives proof satisfactory to it that the replaced Note is held by a bona fide purchaser. If the principal amount of any Note is considered paid under Section 4.01 hereof, it ceases to be outstanding and interest on it ceases to accrue. If the Paying Agent (other than the Company, a Subsidiary or an Affiliate of any thereof) holds, on a redemption date or maturity date, money sufficient to pay Notes payable on that date, then on and after that date such Notes shall be deemed to be no longer outstanding and shall cease to accrue interest. Section 2.09. Treasury Notes. In determining whether the Holders of the required principal amount of Notes have concurred in any direction, waiver or consent, Notes owned by the Company, or by any Person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with the Company, shall be considered as though not outstanding, except that for the purposes of determining whether the Trustee shall be protected in relying on any such direction, waiver or consent, only Notes that the Trustee knows are so owned shall be so disregarded. Section 2.10. Temporary Notes. Until certificates representing Notes are ready for delivery, the Company may prepare and the Trustee, upon receipt of an Authentication Order, shall authenticate temporary Notes. Temporary Notes shall be substantially in the form of certificated Notes but may have variations that the Company 35

considers appropriate for temporary Notes and as shall be reasonably acceptable to the Trustee. Without unreasonable delay, the Company shall prepare and the Trustee shall authenticate definitive Notes in exchange for temporary Notes. Holders of temporary Notes shall be entitled to all of the benefits of this Indenture. Section 2.11. Cancellation. The Company at any time may deliver Notes to the Trustee for cancellation. The Registrar and Paying Agent shall forward to the Trustee any Notes surrendered to them for registration of transfer, exchange or payment. The Trustee and no one else shall cancel all Notes surrendered for registration of transfer, exchange, payment, replacement or cancellation and shall destroy canceled Notes (subject to the record retention requirement of the Exchange Act). Certification of the destruction of all canceled Notes shall be delivered to the Company. The Company may not issue new Notes to replace Notes that it has paid or that have been delivered to the Trustee for cancellation. Section 2.12. Defaulted Interest. If the Company defaults in a payment of interest on the Notes, it shall pay the defaulted interest in any lawful manner, plus, to the extent lawful, interest payable on the defaulted interest, to the Persons who are Holders on a subsequent special record date, in each case at the rate provided in the Notes and in Section 4.01 hereof. The Company shall notify the Trustee in writing of the amount of defaulted interest proposed to be paid on each Note and the date of the proposed payment. The Company shall fix or cause to be fixed each such special record date and payment date, provided that no such special record date shall be less than 10 days prior to the related payment date for such defaulted interest. At least 15 days before the special record date, the Company (or, upon the written request of the Company, the Trustee in the name and at the expense of the Company) shall mail or cause to be mailed to Holders a notice that states the special record date, the related payment date and the amount of such interest to be paid. ARTICLE 3 REDEMPTION AND PREPAYMENT Section 3.01. Notices to Trustee. If the Company elects to redeem Notes pursuant to the optional redemption provisions of Section 3.07 hereof, it shall furnish to the Trustee, at least 30 days but not more than 60 days before a redemption date, an Officers' Certificate setting forth (1) the clause of this Indenture pursuant to which the redemption shall occur, (2) the redemption date, (3) the principal amount of Notes to be redeemed and (4) the redemption price (expressed as a percentage of the principal amount). Section 3.02. Selection of Notes to Be Redeemed. If less than all of the Notes are to be redeemed or purchased in an offer to purchase at any time, the Trustee shall select the Notes to be redeemed as follows: 36

(1) if the Notes are listed on any national securities exchange, in compliance with the requirements of the principal national securities exchange, if any, on which the Notes are listed; or (2) if the Notes are not listed on any national securities exchange, on a pro rata basis, by lot or by such other method as the Trustee shall deem fair and appropriate. No Notes of $1,000 of principal amount or less will be redeemed in part. Except as provided in the preceding sentence, provisions of this Indenture that apply to Notes called for redemption also apply to portions of Notes called for redemption. Notices of redemption will be mailed by first class mail at least 30 but not more than 60 days before the redemption date to each Holder of Notes to be redeemed at its registered address. Notices of redemption may not be conditional. If any Note is to be redeemed in part only, the notice of redemption that relates to such Note shall state the portion of the principal amount of that Note to be redeemed. A new Note in principal amount equal to the unredeemed portion of the original Note presented for redemption will be issued in the name of the Holder thereof upon cancellation of the original Note. Notes called for redemption become due on the date fixed for redemption. On and after the redemption date, interest ceases to accrue on Notes or portions of them called for redemption. Section 3.03. Notice of Redemption. Subject to the provisions of Section 3.09 hereof, at least 30 days but not more than 60 days before a redemption date, the Company shall mail or cause to be mailed, by first class mail, a notice of redemption to each Holder whose Notes are to be redeemed at its registered address. The notice shall identify the Notes to be redeemed and shall state: (1) the redemption date; (2) the redemption price; (3) if any Note is being redeemed in part, the portion of the principal amount of such Note to be redeemed and that, after the redemption date upon surrender of such Note, a new Note or Notes in principal amount equal to the unredeemed portion shall be issued upon cancellation of the original Note; (4) the name and address of the Paying Agent; (5) that Notes called for redemption must be surrendered to the Paying Agent to collect the redemption price; (6) that, unless the Company defaults in making such redemption payment, interest on Notes called for redemption ceases to accrue on and after the redemption date; (7) the paragraph of the Notes and/or Section of this Indenture pursuant to which the Notes called for redemption are being redeemed; and (8) that no representation is made as to the correctness or accuracy of the CUSIP number, if any, listed in such notice or printed on the Notes. 37

At the Company's request, the Trustee shall give the notice of redemption in the Company's name and at its expense; provided, however, that the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee, at least 45 days prior to the redemption date, an Officers' Certificate requesting that the Trustee give such notice and setting forth the information to be stated in such notice as provided in the preceding paragraph. Section 3.04. Effect of Notice of Redemption. Once notice of redemption is mailed in accordance with Section 3.03 hereof, Notes called for redemption become irrevocably due and payable on the redemption date at the redemption price. A notice of redemption may not be conditional. Section 3.05. Deposit of Redemption Price. One Business Day prior to the redemption date, the Company shall deposit with the Trustee or with the Paying Agent money sufficient to pay the redemption price of and accrued interest and Special Interest on all Notes, if any, to be redeemed on that date. The Trustee or the Paying Agent shall promptly return to the Company any money deposited with the Trustee or the Paying Agent by the Company in excess of the amounts necessary to pay the redemption price of, and accrued interest and Special Interest, if any, on all Notes to be redeemed. If the Company complies with the provisions of the preceding paragraph, on and after the redemption date, interest shall cease to accrue on the Notes or the portions of the Notes called for redemption. If a Note is redeemed on or after an interest record date but on or prior to the related interest payment date, then any accrued and unpaid interest shall be paid to the Person in whose name such Note was registered at the close of business on such record date. If any Note called for redemption shall not be so paid upon surrender for redemption because of the failure of the Company to comply with the preceding paragraph, interest shall be paid on the unpaid principal, from the redemption date until such principal is paid, and, to the extent lawful, on any interest not paid on such unpaid principal, in each case at the rate provided in the Notes and in Section 4.01 hereof. Section 3.06. Notes Redeemed in Part. Upon surrender of a Note that is redeemed in part, the Company shall issue and, upon the Company's written request, the Trustee shall authenticate for the Holder at the expense of the Company a new Note equal in principal amount to the unredeemed portion of the Note surrendered. Section 3.07. Optional Redemption. (a) Except as provided in clause (b) of this Section 3.07, the Notes will not be redeemable at the Company's option prior to August 1, 2004. On or after August 1, 2004, the Company may redeem all or a part of the Notes upon not less than 30 nor more than 60 days' notice, at the redemption prices (expressed as percentages of principal amount) set forth below plus accrued and unpaid interest and Special Interest, if any, on the Notes redeemed to the applicable redemption date (subject to the right of Holders of record on the relevant record date to receive interest due on the relevant interest payment date), if redeemed during the twelve-month period beginning on August 1 of the years indicated below: 38

Year Percentage - ---- ---------- 2004................................................. 104.750% 2005................................................. 103.167% 2006................................................. 101.583% 2007 and thereafter.................................. 100.000% (b) Notwithstanding the provisions of clause (a) of this Section 3.07, at any time during the first 36 months after the date of the original issuance of the Notes, the Company may on any one or more occasions redeem up to 35% of the aggregate principal amount of the Notes originally issued at a redemption price equal to 109.50% of the aggregate principal amount of the Notes to be redeemed on the redemption date with the net cash proceeds of one or more Public Equity Offerings and/or Strategic Equity Investments provided that: (1) at least 65% of the aggregate principal amount of the Notes originally issued remains outstanding immediately after the occurrence of such redemption (excluding Notes held by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries); and (2) the redemption occurs within 60 days of the date of the closing of such Public Equity Offering or Strategic Equity Investment. (c) Any redemption pursuant to this Section 3.07 shall be made pursuant to the provisions of Section 3.01 through 3.06 hereof. Section 3.08. Mandatory Redemption. The Company shall not be required to make mandatory redemption or sinking fund payments with respect to the Notes. Section 3.09. Offer to Purchase by Application of Excess Proceeds. In the event that, pursuant to Section 4.10 hereof, the Company shall be required to commence an offer to all Holders to purchase Notes (an "Asset Sale Offer"), it shall follow the procedures specified below. The Asset Sale Offer shall remain open for a period of 20 Business Days following its commencement and no longer, except to the extent that a longer period is required by applicable law (the "Offer Period"). No later than five Business Days after the termination of the Offer Period (the "Purchase Date"), the Company shall purchase the aggregate principal amount (or accreted value, as applicable) of Notes and other senior Indebtedness of the Company required to be purchased pursuant to Section 4.10 hereof (on a pro rata basis if Notes and other senior Indebtedness of the Company tendered are in excess of the Excess Proceeds) (which maximum amount shall be the "Offer Amount") or, if less than the Offer Amount has been tendered, all Notes and other senior Indebtedness tendered in response to the Asset Sale Offer. Payment for any Notes so purchased shall be made in the same manner as interest payments are made. If the Purchase Date is on or after an interest record date and on or before the related interest payment date, any accrued and unpaid interest and Special Interest, if any, shall be paid to the Person in 39

whose name a Note is registered at the close of business on such record date, and no additional interest shall be payable to Holders who tender Notes pursuant to the Asset Sale Offer. Upon the commencement of an Asset Sale Offer, the Company shall send, by first class mail, a notice to the Trustee and each of the Holders, with a copy to the Trustee. The notice shall contain all instructions and materials necessary to enable such Holders to tender Notes pursuant to the Asset Sale Offer. The Asset Sale Offer shall be made to all Holders. The notice, which shall govern the terms of the Asset Sale Offer, shall state: (a) that the Asset Sale Offer is being made pursuant to this Section 3.09 and Section 4.10 hereof and the length of time the Asset Sale Offer shall remain open; (b) the Offer Amount, the purchase price and the Purchase Date; (c) that any Note not tendered or accepted for payment shall continue to accrue interest; (d) that, unless the Company defaults in making such payment, any Note accepted for payment pursuant to the Asset Sale Offer shall cease to accrue interest after the Purchase Date; (e) that Holders electing to have a Note purchased pursuant to an Asset Sale Offer may elect to have Notes purchased in integral multiples of $1,000 only; (f) that Holders electing to have a Note purchased pursuant to any Asset Sale Offer shall be required to surrender the Note, with the form entitled "Option of Holder to Elect Purchase" on the reverse of the Note completed, or transfer by book-entry transfer, to the Company, a depositary, if appointed by the Company, or a Paying Agent at the address specified in the notice at least three days before the Purchase Date; (g) that Holders shall be entitled to withdraw their election if the Company, the depositary or the Paying Agent, as the case may be, receives, not later than the expiration of the Offer Period, a telegram, telex, facsimile transmission or letter setting forth the name of the Holder, the principal amount of the Note the Holder delivered for purchase and a statement that such Holder is withdrawing his election to have such Note purchased; (h) that, if the aggregate principal amount (or accreted value, as applicable) of Notes and other senior Indebtedness of the Company surrendered by Holders exceeds the Offer Amount, the Company shall select the Notes to be purchased on a pro rata basis (with such adjustments as may be deemed appropriate by the Company so that only Notes in denominations of $1,000, or integral multiples thereof, shall be purchased); and (i) that Holders whose Notes were purchased only in part shall be issued new Notes equal in principal amount to the unpurchased portion of the Notes surrendered (or transferred by book-entry transfer). On or before the Purchase Date, the Company shall, to the extent lawful, accept for payment, on a pro rata basis to the extent necessary, the Offer Amount of Notes or portions thereof tendered pursuant to the Asset Sale Offer, or if less than the Offer Amount has been tendered, all Notes and other senior Indebtedness tendered, and shall deliver to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate stating that such 40

Notes or portions thereof were accepted for payment by the Company in accordance with the terms of this Section 3.09. The Company, the Depositary or the Paying Agent, as the case may be, shall promptly (but in any case not later than five days after the Purchase Date) mail or deliver to each tendering Holder an amount equal to the purchase price of the Notes tendered by such Holder and accepted by the Company for purchase, and the Company shall promptly issue a new Note, and the Trustee, upon written request from the Company shall authenticate and mail or deliver such new Note to such Holder, in a principal amount equal to any unpurchased portion of the Note surrendered. Any Note not so accepted shall be promptly mailed or delivered by the Company to the Holder thereof. The Company shall publicly announce the results of the Asset Sale Offer on the Purchase Date. Other than as specifically provided in this Section 3.09, any purchase pursuant to this Section 3.09 shall be made pursuant to the provisions of Sections 3.01 through 3.06 hereof. ARTICLE 4 COVENANTS Section 4.01. Payment of Notes. The Company shall pay or cause to be paid the principal of, premium and Special Interest, if any, and interest on the Notes on the dates and in the manner provided in the Notes. Principal, premium and Special Interest, if any, and interest shall be considered paid on the date due if the Paying Agent, if other than the Company or a Subsidiary thereof, holds as of 10:00 a.m. Eastern Time on the due date money deposited by the Company in immediately available funds and designated for and sufficient to pay all principal, premium, and Special Interest if any, and interest then due. The Company shall pay interest (including post-petition interest in any proceeding under any Bankruptcy Law) on overdue principal at the rate equal to 1% per annum in excess of the then applicable interest rate on the Notes to the extent lawful; it shall pay interest (including post-petition interest in any proceeding under any Bankruptcy Law) on overdue installments of interest (without regard to any applicable grace period) at the same rate to the extent lawful. Section 4.02. Maintenance of Office or Agency. The Company shall maintain in the Borough of Manhattan, the City of New York, an office or agency (which may be an office of the Trustee or an affiliate of the Trustee, Registrar or co-registrar) where Notes may be surrendered for registration of transfer or for exchange and where notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Notes and this Indenture may be served. The Company shall give prompt written notice to the Trustee of the location, and any change in the location, of such office or agency. If at any time the Company shall fail to maintain any such required office or agency or shall fail to furnish the Trustee with the address thereof, such presentations, surrenders, notices and demands may be made or served at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee. The Company may also from time to time designate one or more other offices or agencies where the Notes may be presented or surrendered for any or all such purposes and may from time to time rescind such designations; provided, however, that no such designation or rescission shall in any manner relieve the Company of its obligation to maintain an office or agency in the Borough of Manhattan, the 41

City of New York, for such purposes. The Company shall give prompt written notice to the Trustee of any such designation or rescission and of any change in the location of any such other office or agency. The Company hereby designates the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee as one such office or agency of the Company in accordance with Section 2.03 hereof. Section 4.03. Reports. Whether or not required by the SEC, so long as any Notes are outstanding, the Company shall furnish to the Holders of Notes: (1) all quarterly and annual financial information that would be required to be contained in a filing with the SEC on Forms 10-Q and 10-K if the Company were required to file such Forms, including a "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" that describes the financial condition and results of operations of the Company and its consolidated Subsidiaries (showing in reasonable detail, in the footnotes to the financial statements and in the "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" (in each case to the extent not prohibited by the SEC's rules and regulations): (a) the financial condition and results of operations of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries separate from the financial condition and results of operations of the Unrestricted Subsidiaries of the Company; and (b) the Tower Cash Flow for the most recently completed fiscal quarter and the Adjusted Consolidated Cash Flow for the most recently completed four-quarter period) and, with respect to the annual information only, a report thereon by the Company's certified independent accountants; and (2) all current reports that would be required to be filed with the SEC on Form 8-K if the Company were required to file such reports, in each case within the time periods specified in the Company's rules and regulations. In addition, whether or not required by the rules and regulations of the SEC, the Company shall file a copy of all such information and reports with the SEC for public availability within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and regulations (unless the SEC will not accept such a filing) and make such information available to securities analysts and prospective investors upon request. The Company shall at all times comply with TIA (S) 314(a). Section 4.04. Compliance Certificate. (1) The Company shall deliver to the Trustee, within 90 days after the end of each fiscal year, an Officers' Certificate stating that a review of the activities of the Company and its Subsidiaries during the preceding fiscal year has been made under the supervision of the signing Officers with a view to determining whether the Company has kept, observed, performed and fulfilled its obligations under this Indenture, and further stating, as to each such Officer signing such certificate, that to the best of his or her knowledge the Company has kept, observed, performed and fulfilled each and every covenant contained in this Indenture and is not in default 42

in the performance or observance of any of the terms, provisions and conditions of this Indenture (or, if a Default or Event of Default shall have occurred, describing all such Defaults or Events of Default of which he or she may have knowledge and what action the Company is taking or proposes to take with respect thereto) and that to the best of his or her knowledge no event has occurred and remains in existence by reason of which payments on account of the principal of or interest or Special Interest, if any, on the Notes is prohibited or if such event has occurred, a description of the event and what action the Company is taking or proposes to take with respect thereto. (2) So long as not contrary to the then current recommendations of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, the year-end financial statements delivered pursuant to Section 4.03(a) above shall be accompanied by a written statement of the Company's independent public accountants (who shall be a firm of established national reputation) that in making the examination necessary for certification of such financial statements, nothing has come to their attention that would lead them to believe that the Company has violated any provisions of Article 4 or Article 5 hereof or, if any such violation has occurred, specifying the nature and period of existence thereof, it being understood that such accountants shall not be liable directly or indirectly to any Person for any failure to obtain knowledge of any such violation. (3) The Company shall, so long as any of the Notes are outstanding, deliver to the Trustee, forthwith upon any Officer becoming aware of any Default or Event of Default, an Officers' Certificate specifying such Default or Event of Default and what action the Company is taking or proposes to take with respect thereto. (4) Immediately upon the occurrence of any event giving rise to the accrual of Special Interest or the cessation of such accrual, the Company shall give the Trustee notice thereof and of the event giving rise to such accrual or cessation (such notice to be contained in an Officer's Certificate) and prior to receipt of such Officer's Certificate the Trustee shall be entitled to assume that no such accrual has commenced or ceased, as the case may be. Section 4.05. Taxes. The Company shall pay, and shall cause each of its Subsidiaries to pay, prior to delinquency, all material taxes, assessments, and governmental levies except such as are contested in good faith and by appropriate proceedings or where the failure to effect such payment is not adverse in any material respect to the Holders of the Notes. Section 4.06. Stay, Extension and Usury Laws. The Company covenants (to the extent that it may lawfully do so) that it shall not at any time insist upon, plead, or in any manner whatsoever claim or take the benefit or advantage of, any stay, extension or usury law wherever enacted, now or at any time hereafter in force, that may affect the covenants or the performance of this Indenture; and the Company (to the extent that it may lawfully do so) hereby expressly waives all benefit or advantage of any such law, and covenants that it shall not, by resort to any such law, hinder, delay or impede the execution of any power herein granted to the Trustee, but shall suffer and permit the execution of every such power as though no such law has been enacted. 43

Section 4.07. Restricted Payments. The Company shall not, and shall not permit any of its Restricted Subsidiaries to, directly or indirectly: (1) declare or pay any dividend or make any other payment or distribution on account of the Company's or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries' Equity Interests (including, without limitation, any payment in connection with any merger or consolidation involving the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries) or to the direct or indirect holders of the Company's or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries' Equity Interests in their capacity as such (other than dividends or distributions payable in Equity Interests (other than Disqualified Stock) of the Company or to the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary of the Company); (2) purchase, redeem or otherwise acquire or retire for value (including without limitation, in connection with any merger or consolidation involving the Company) any Equity Interests of the Company or any direct or indirect parent of the Company (other than any such Equity Interests owned by the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries); (3) make any payment on or with respect to, or purchase, redeem, defease or otherwise acquire or retire for value any Indebtedness that is subordinated to the Notes, except a payment of interest or principal at Stated Maturity; or (4) make any Restricted Investment, (all such payments and other actions set forth in these clauses (1) through (4) above, including those occuring since the date of the Senior Discount Note Indenture, being collectively referred to as "Restricted Payments"), unless, at the time of and after giving effect to such Restricted Payment: (1) no Default has occurred and is continuing or would occur as a consequence of the Restricted Payment; and (2) the Company would have been permitted to incur at least $1.00 of additional Indebtedness pursuant to the Debt to Adjusted Consolidated Cash Flow Ratio test set forth in the first paragraph of Section 4.09 hereof; provided that the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries shall not be required to comply with this clause (2) in order to make any Restricted Investment; and (3) such Restricted Payment, together with the aggregate amount of all other Restricted Payments made by the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries after the date of the Senior Discount Note Indenture (excluding Restricted Payments permitted by clauses (2), (3) and (4) of the paragraph of exceptions below), is less than the sum, without duplication, of: (a) 100% of the Consolidated Cash Flow of the Company for the period (taken as one accounting period) from the beginning of the fiscal quarter during which the Senior Discount Note Indenture was executed to the end of the Company's most recently ended fiscal quarter for which internal financial statements are available at the time of such Restricted Payment (or, if the Consolidated Cash Flow for such period is a deficit, less 100% of the deficit), less 1.75 times the Consolidated Interest Expense of the 44

Company since the beginning of the fiscal quarter during which the Senior Discount Note Indenture was executed; plus (b) 100% of the aggregate net cash proceeds received by the Company since the beginning of the fiscal quarter during which the Senior Discount Note Indenture was executed as a contribution to its common equity capital or from the issue or sale of Equity Interests of the Company (other than Disqualified Stock and except to the extent such net cash proceeds are used to incur new Indebtedness outstanding pursuant to clause (11) of the second paragraph of Section 4.09 hereof) or from the issue or sale of Disqualified Stock or debt securities of the Company that have been converted into Equity Interests (other than Equity Interests (or Disqualified Stock or convertible debt securities) sold to a Subsidiary of the Company and other than Disqualified Stock or convertible debt securities that have been converted into Disqualified Stock); plus (c) to the extent that any Restricted Investment that was made after the date of the Senior Discount Note Indenture is sold for cash or otherwise liquidated or repaid for cash, the lesser of: (A) the cash return of capital with respect to the Restricted Investment (less the cost of disposition, if any), and (B) the initial amount of the Restricted Investment; plus (d) to the extent that any Unrestricted Subsidiary of the Company and all of its Subsidiaries are designated as Restricted Subsidiaries after the date hereof, the lesser of: (A) the fair market value of the Company's Investments in such Subsidiaries as of the date of such designation; or (B) the sum of: (x) the fair market value of the Company's Investments in such Subsidiaries as of the date on which such Subsidiaries were originally designated as Unrestricted Subsidiaries, and (y) the amount of any Investments made in such Subsidiaries subsequent to such designation (and treated as Restricted Payments) by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary; provided that: (i) in the event the Unrestricted Subsidiaries designated as Restricted Subsidiaries are CTSH and its Subsidiaries, the references in clauses (A) and (B) of this clause (d) to fair market value of the Company's Investments in such Subsidiaries shall mean the amount by which the fair market value of all such Investments exceeds 34.3% of the fair market value of CTSH and its Subsidiaries as a whole; and 45

(ii) in the event the Unrestricted Subsidiaries designated as Restricted Subsidiaries are CCAIC and its Subsidiaries, the references in clauses (A) and (B) of this clause (d) to fair market value of the Company's Investments in such Subsidiaries shall mean the amount by which the fair market value of all such Investments exceeds $250.0 million; plus (e) 50% of any dividends received by the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary after the date of the Senior Discount Note Indenture from an Unrestricted Subsidiary of the Company, to the extent that such dividends were not otherwise included in Consolidated Net Income of the Company for such period. The preceding provisions shall not prohibit: (1) the payment of any dividend within 60 days after the date of declaration of that dividend, if at said date of declaration such payment would have complied with the provisions of this Indenture; (2) the making of any Investment or the redemption, repurchase, retirement, defeasance or other acquisition of any subordinated Indebtedness or Equity Interests of the Company in exchange for, or out of the net cash proceeds from the sale since the beginning of the fiscal quarter during which the Senior Discount Note Indenture was executed (other than to a Subsidiary of the Company) of Equity Interests of the Company (other than any Disqualified Stock); provided that the net cash proceeds are not used to incur new Indebtedness pursuant to clause (11) of the second paragraph of Section 4.09 hereof); and provided further that, in each case, the amount of any net cash proceeds that are so utilized will be excluded from clause (3)(b) of the preceding paragraph; (3) the defeasance, redemption, repurchase or other acquisition of subordinated Indebtedness with the net cash proceeds from an incurrence of Permitted Refinancing Indebtedness; (4) the payment of any dividend by a Restricted Subsidiary of the Company to the holders of its Equity Interests on a pro rata basis; (5) the repurchase, redemption or other acquisition or retirement for value of any Equity Interests of the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary of the Company held by any member of the Company's (or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries') management pursuant to any management equity subscription agreement or stock option agreement in effect as of the date of the Senior Discount Note Indenture; provided that the aggregate price paid for all of the repurchased, redeemed, acquired or retired Equity Interests may not exceed (a) $500,000 in any twelve-month period and (b) $5.0 million in the aggregate; or (6) the payment of scheduled dividends on the Company's 12 3/4% Senior Exchangeable Preferred Stock due 2010, whether paid in cash or in kind through the issuance of additional shares of such preferred stock, all in accordance with the certificate of designations governing such preferred stock as in effect on the date of the Senior Discount Note Indenture. 46

The Board of Directors may designate any Restricted Subsidiary to be an Unrestricted Subsidiary if such designation would not cause a Default. For purposes of making such determination, all outstanding Investments by the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries (except to the extent repaid in cash) in the Subsidiary so designated will be deemed to be Restricted Payments at the time of the designation and will reduce the amount available for Restricted Payments under the first paragraph in this Section 4.07. All of those outstanding Investments will be deemed to constitute Investments in an amount equal to the fair market value of the Investments at the time of such designation. Such designation will only be permitted if the Restricted Payment would be permitted at the time and if the Restricted Subsidiary otherwise meets the definition of an Unrestricted Subsidiary. The Board of Directors may designate any Unrestricted Subsidiary to be a Restricted Subsidiary if the designation would not cause a Default. The amount of all Restricted Payments (other than cash) will be the fair market value on the date of the Restricted Payment of the assets or securities proposed to be transferred or issued by the Company or the applicable Restricted Subsidiary, as the case may be, pursuant to the Restricted Payment. The fair market value of any property, assets or Investments required by this covenant to be valued will be valued by the Board of Directors whose resolution with respect to the determination will be delivered to the Trustee. Section 4.08. Dividend and Other Payment Restrictions Affecting Subsidiaries. The Company shall not, and shall not permit any of its Restricted Subsidiaries to, directly or indirectly, create or otherwise cause or suffer to exist or become effective any encumbrance or restriction on the ability of any Restricted Subsidiary to: (1) pay dividends or make any other distributions to the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries on its Capital Stock or with respect to any other interest or participation in, or measured by, its profits; (2) pay any indebtedness owed to the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries; (3) make loans or advances to the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries; or (4) transfer any of its properties or assets to the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries. The preceding restrictions shall not apply to encumbrances or restrictions existing under or by reason of: (1) Existing Indebtedness as in effect on the date hereof, and any amendments, modifications, restatements, renewals, increases, supplements, refundings, replacements or refinancings thereof; provided that such amendments, modifications, restatements, renewals, increases, supplements, refundings, replacements or refinancings are no more restrictive, taken as a whole, with respect to such dividend and other payment restrictions than those contained in the applicable series of Existing Indebtedness as in effect on the date hereof; (2) Indebtedness of any Restricted Subsidiary under any Credit Facility that is permitted to be incurred pursuant to Section 4.09 hereof; provided that such Credit Facility and 47

Indebtedness contain only such encumbrances and restrictions on such Restricted Subsidiary's ability to engage in the activities set forth in clauses (1) through (4) of the preceding paragraph as are, at the time such Credit Facility is entered into or amended, modified, restated, renewed, increased, supplemented, refunded, replaced or refinanced, ordinary and customary for a Credit Facility of that type as determined in the good faith judgment of the Board of Directors (and evidenced in a board resolution), which determination shall be conclusively binding; (3) encumbrances and restrictions applicable to any Unrestricted Subsidiary, as the same are in effect as of the date on which the Subsidiary becomes a Restricted Subsidiary, and as the same may be amended, modified, restated, renewed, increased, supplemented, refunded, replaced or refinanced; provided that such amendments, modifications, restatements, renewals, increases, supplements, refundings, replacement or refinancings are no more restrictive, taken as a whole, with respect to the dividend and other payment restrictions than those contained in the applicable series of Indebtedness of such Subsidiary as in effect on the date on which such Subsidiary becomes a Restricted Subsidiary; (4) any Indebtedness incurred in compliance with Section 4.09 hereof or any agreement pursuant to which such Indebtedness is issued if the encumbrance or restriction applies only in the event of a payment default or default with respect to a financial covenant contained in the Indebtedness or agreement and the encumbrance or restriction is not materially more disadvantageous to the Holders of the Notes than is customary in comparable financings (as determined by the Company) and the Company determines that any such encumbrance or restriction will not materially affect the Company's ability to pay interest or principal on the Notes; (5) this Indenture; (6) applicable law; (7) any instrument governing Indebtedness or Capital Stock of a Person acquired by the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries as in effect at the time that Person is acquired by the Company (except to the extent the Indebtedness was incurred in connection with or in contemplation of the acquisition), which encumbrance or restriction is not applicable to any Person, or the properties or assets of any Person, other than the Person, or the property or assets of the Person, so acquired, provided that, in the case of Indebtedness, the Indebtedness was permitted by the terms hereof to be incurred; (8) customary non-assignment provisions in leases or licenses entered into in the ordinary course of business; (9) purchase money obligations for property acquired in the ordinary course of business that impose restrictions of the nature described in clause (5) in the second paragraph of Section 4.09 hereof on the property so acquired; (10) the provisions of agreements governing Indebtedness incurred pursuant to clause (4) of the second paragraph of Section 4.09 hereof; 48

(11) any agreement for the sale of a Restricted Subsidiary that restricts that Restricted Subsidiary pending its sale; (12) Permitted Refinancing Indebtedness, provided that the restrictions contained in the agreements governing the Permitted Refinancing Indebtedness are no more restrictive, taken as a whole, than those contained in the agreements governing the Indebtedness being refinanced; (13) Liens permitted to be incurred pursuant to the provisions of Section 4.12 hereof that limit the right of the debtor to transfer the assets subject to such Liens; (14) provisions with respect to the disposition or distribution of assets or property in joint venture agreements and other similar agreements; and (15) restrictions on cash or other deposits or net worth imposed by customers under contracts entered into in the ordinary course of business. Section 4.09. Incurrence of Indebtedness and Issuance of Preferred Stock. The Company shall not, and shall not permit any of its Restricted Subsidiaries to, directly or indirectly, create, incur, issue, assume, guarantee or otherwise become directly or indirectly liable, contingently or otherwise, with respect to (collectively, "incur") any Indebtedness (including Acquired Debt) and that the Company will not issue any Disqualified Stock and will not permit any of its Restricted Subsidiaries to issue any shares of preferred stock; provided that the Company may incur Indebtedness (including Acquired Debt) or issue shares of Disqualified Stock and the Company's Restricted Subsidiaries may incur Indebtedness (including Acquired Debt) or issue preferred stock if, in each case, the Company's Debt to Adjusted Consolidated Cash Flow Ratio at the time of incurrence of the Indebtedness or the issuance of the preferred stock, after giving pro forma effect to such incurrence or issuance as of such date and to the use of proceeds from such incurrence or issuance as if the same had occurred at the beginning of the most recently ended four full fiscal quarter period of the Company for which internal financial statements are available, would have been no greater than 7.5 to 1. The provisions of the first paragraph of this Section 4.09 shall not prohibit the incurrence of any of the following items of Indebtedness or to the issuance of any of the following items of Disqualified Stock or preferred stock (collectively, "Permitted Debt"): (1) the incurrence by the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries of Indebtedness under Credit Facilities in an aggregate principal amount (with letters of credit being deemed to have a principal amount equal to the maximum potential liability of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries thereunder) at any one time outstanding not to exceed the product of $150,000 times the number of Completed Towers on the date of such incurrence; (2) the incurrence by the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries of the Existing Indebtedness; (3) the incurrence by the Company of the Indebtedness represented by the 9% Senior Notes and the 10-3/8% Senior Discount Notes, each issued on the date of the Senior Discount Note Indenture; 49

(4) the issuance by the Company of additional shares of its 12 3/4% Senior Exchangeable Preferred Stock due 2010 solely for the purpose of paying dividends thereon and the incurrence by the Company of Indebtedness represented by the Company's 12 3/4% Senior Subordinated Exchange Debentures due 2010; (5) the incurrence by the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries of Indebtedness represented by Capital Lease Obligations, mortgage financings or purchase money obligations, in each case incurred for the purpose of financing all or any part of the purchase price or cost of construction or improvement of property, plant or equipment used in the business of the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary, in an aggregate principal amount, including all Permitted Refinancing Indebtedness incurred to refund, refinance or replace any other Indebtedness incurred pursuant to this clause (5), not to exceed $10.0 million at any one time outstanding; (6) the incurrence by the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries of Permitted Refinancing Indebtedness in exchange for, or the net proceeds of which are used to extend, refinance, renew, replace, defease or refund Indebtedness of the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries or Disqualified Stock of the Company (other than intercompany Indebtedness) that was permitted by this Indenture to be incurred under the first paragraph of this Section 4.09 or clauses (2), (3), (4), (5) or this clause (6) of this paragraph; (7) the incurrence by the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries of intercompany Indebtedness between or among the Company and any of its Restricted Subsidiaries; provided, however, that: (i) if the Company is the obligor on such Indebtedness, such Indebtedness is expressly subordinated to the prior payment in full in cash of all Obligations with respect to the Notes of such series and that: (ii)(A) any subsequent issuance or transfer of Equity Interests that results in any such Indebtedness being held by a Person other than the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary, and (B) any sale or other transfer of any such Indebtedness to a Person that is not either the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary, shall be deemed, in each case, to constitute an incurrence of the Indebtedness by the Company or the Restricted Subsidiary, as the case may be; (8) the incurrence by the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries of Hedging Obligations that are incurred for the purpose of fixing or hedging interest rate risk with respect to any floating rate Indebtedness that is permitted by the terms of this Indenture to be outstanding or currency exchange risk; (9) the guarantee by the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries of Indebtedness of the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary of the Company that was permitted to be incurred by another provision of this Indenture; 50

(10) the incurrence by the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries of Acquired Debt in connection with the acquisition of assets or a new Subsidiary and the incurrence by the Company's Restricted Subsidiaries of Indebtedness as a result of the designation of an Unrestricted Subsidiary as a Restricted Subsidiary; provided that, in the case of any such incurrence of Acquired Debt, such Acquired Debt was incurred by the prior owner of such assets or such Restricted Subsidiary prior to such acquisition by the Company or one of its Restricted Subsidiaries and was not incurred in connection with, or in contemplation of, the acquisition by the Company or one of its Restricted Subsidiaries; and provided further that, in the case of any incurrence pursuant to this clause (10), as a result of such acquisition by the Company or one of its Restricted Subsidiaries, the Company's Debt to Adjusted Consolidated Cash Flow Ratio at the time of incurrence of such Acquired Debt, after giving pro forma effect to such incurrence as if the same had occurred at the beginning of the most recently ended four full fiscal quarter period of the Company for which internal financial statements are available, would have been less than the Company's Debt to Adjusted Consolidated Cash Flow Ratio for the same period without giving pro forma effect to such incurrence; (11) the incurrence by the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries of Indebtedness or Disqualified Stock not to exceed, at any one time outstanding, the sum of: (i) 2.0 times the aggregate net cash proceeds, plus (ii) 1.0 times the fair market value of non-cash proceeds (evidenced by a resolution of the Board of Directors set forth in an Officers' Certificate delivered to the Trustee), in each case, from the issuance and sale, other than to a Subsidiary, of Equity Interests (other than Disqualified Stock) of the Company since the beginning of the fiscal quarter during which the Senior Discount Note Indenture was executed (less the amount of such proceeds used to make Restricted Payments as provided in clause (3)(b) of the first paragraph or clause (2) of the second paragraph of Section 4.07 hereof); and (12) the incurrence by the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries of additional Indebtedness and/or the issuance by the Company of Disqualified Stock in an aggregate principal amount, accreted value or liquidation preference, as applicable, at any time outstanding, not to exceed $25.0 million. In addition, the Company shall not: (1) incur any Indebtedness that is contractually subordinated in right of payment to any other Indebtedness of the Company unless such Indebtedness is also contractually subordinated in right of payment to the Notes on substantially identical terms; provided, however, that no Indebtedness of the Company will be deemed to be contractually subordinated in right of payment to any other Indebtedness of the Company solely by virtue of being unsecured; and (2) permit any of its Unrestricted Subsidiaries to incur any Indebtedness other than Non-Recourse Debt. For purposes of determining compliance with this Section 4.09, in the event that an item of Indebtedness meets the criteria of more than one of the categories of Permitted Debt described in clauses 51

(1) through (12) above or is entitled to be incurred pursuant to the first paragraph of this Section 4.09, the Company shall, in its sole discretion, classify (or later reclassify in whole or in part) such item of Indebtedness in any manner that complies with this Section 4.09. Accrual of interest, accretion or amortization of original issue discount and the payment of interest in the form of additional Indebtedness shall not be deemed to be an incurrence of Indebtedness for purposes of this Section 4.09. Indebtedness under Credit Facilities outstanding on the date hereof shall be deemed to have been incurred on such date in reliance on the exception provided by clause (1) of the definition of Permitted Debt. The Notes issued on the date hereof shall be deemed to have been incurred on such date in reliance on the exception provided by clause (11) of the definition of Permitted Debt and the exchange notes to be issued in exchange for the Notes shall be deemed to be a Permitted Refinancing under such clause (11). Section 4.10. Asset Sales. The Company shall not, and shall not permit any of its Restricted Subsidiaries to, consummate an Asset Sale unless: (1) the Company (or the Restricted Subsidiary, as the case may be) receives consideration at the time of the Asset Sale at least equal to the fair market value of the assets or Equity Interests issued or sold or otherwise disposed of; (2) fair market value is determined by the Board of Directors and evidenced by a resolution of the Board of Directors set forth in an Officers' Certificate delivered to the Trustee; and (3) except in the case of a Tower Asset Exchange, at least 75% of the consideration received in such Asset Sale by the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary is in the form of cash or Cash Equivalents. For purposes of this provision, each of the following shall be deemed to be cash: (a) any liabilities, as shown on the Company's or such Restricted Subsidiary's most recent balance sheet, of the Company's or any Restricted Subsidiary (other than contingent liabilities and liabilities that are by their terms subordinated to the Notes or any guarantee of the Notes) that are assumed by the transferee of any assets pursuant to a customary novation agreement that releases the Company or the Restricted Subsidiary from further liability; and (b) any securities, notes or other obligations received by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary from the transferee that are converted by the Company or the Restricted Subsidiary into cash within 20 days of the applicable Asset Sale, to the extent of the cash received in that conversion. Within 365 days after the receipt of any Net Proceeds from an Asset Sale, the Company or the Restricted Subsidiary may apply those Net Proceeds to: (1) reduce Indebtedness under a Credit Facility; (2) reduce other Indebtedness of any of the Restricted Subsidiaries; (3) the acquisition of all or substantially all the assets of a Permitted Business; (4) the acquisition of Voting Stock of a Permitted Business from a Person that is not a Subsidiary of the Company; provided that, after giving effect to the acquisition, the Company or its Restricted Subsidiary owns a majority of the Voting Stock of that business; or 52

(5) the making of a capital expenditure or the acquisition of other long- term assets that are used or useful in a Permitted Business. Pending the final application of any Net Proceeds, the Company may temporarily reduce revolving credit borrowings or otherwise invest the Net Proceeds in any manner that is not prohibited by this Indenture. Any Net Proceeds from Asset Sales that are not applied or invested as provided in the preceding paragraph shall be deemed to constitute "Excess Proceeds". When the aggregate amount of Excess Proceeds exceeds $10.0 million, the Company shall make an Asset Sale Offer to all Holders of Notes, and all holders of other senior Indebtedness of the Company containing provisions similar to those set forth in this Indenture with respect to offers to purchase or redeem with the proceeds of sales of assets, to purchase the maximum principal amount (or accreted value, as applicable) of Notes and such other senior Indebtedness of the Company that may be purchased out of the Excess Proceeds. The offer price in any Asset Sale Offer will be payable in cash and will be 100% of the principal amount of the Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest and Special Interest to the date of purchase, if any. In the case of any other senior Indebtedness, the offer price shall be 100% of the principal amount of the Indebtedness plus accrued and unpaid interest and Special Interest thereon, if any, to the date of purchase. Each Asset Sale Offer shall be made in accordance with the procedures set forth herein and the other senior Indebtedness of the Company. If any Excess Proceeds remain after consummation of an Asset Sale Offer, the Company may use the remaining Excess Proceeds for any purpose not otherwise prohibited by this Indenture. If the aggregate principal amount, as applicable, of Notes and the other senior Indebtedness of the Company tendered into the Asset Sale Offer exceeds the amount of Excess Proceeds, the Trustee shall select the Notes and such other senior Indebtedness to be purchased on a pro rata basis. Upon completion of the Asset Sale Offer, the amount of Excess Proceeds shall be reset at zero. Section 4.11. Transactions with Affiliates. The Company shall not, and shall not permit any of its Restricted Subsidiaries to, make any payment to, or sell, lease, transfer or otherwise dispose of any of its properties or assets to, or purchase any property or assets from, or enter into or make or amend any transaction, contract, agreement, understanding, loan, advance or guarantee with, or for the benefit of, any Affiliate (each of the foregoing, an "Affiliate Transaction"), unless: (1) such Affiliate Transaction is on terms that are no less favorable to the Company or the relevant Restricted Subsidiary than those that would have been obtained in a comparable transaction by the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary with an unrelated Person; and (2) the Company delivers to the Trustee: (a) with respect to any Affiliate Transaction or series of related Affiliate Transactions involving aggregate consideration in excess of $1.0 million, a resolution of the Board of Directors set forth in an Officers' Certificate certifying that the Affiliate Transaction complies with clause (1) above and that the Affiliate Transaction has been approved by a majority of the disinterested members of the Board of Directors; and (b) with respect to any Affiliate Transaction or series of related Affiliate Transactions involving aggregate consideration in excess of $10.0 million, an opinion to the Holders of the Notes as to the fairness of the Affiliate Transaction from a financial 53

point of view issued by an accounting, appraisal or investment banking firm of national standing. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the following items shall not be deemed Affiliate Transactions: (1) any employment arrangements with any executive officer of the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary that is entered into by the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries in the ordinary course of business and consistent with compensation arrangements of similarly situated executive officers at comparable companies engaged in Permitted Businesses; (2) transactions between or among the Company and/or its Restricted Subsidiaries; (3) payment of directors fees in an aggregate annual amount not to exceed $25,000 per Person; (4) Restricted Payments that are permitted under Section 4.07 hereof; (5) the issuance or sale of Equity Interests (other than Disqualified Stock) of the Company; and (6) transactions pursuant to the provisions of the Governance Agreement, the Rights Agreement, the Stockholders' Agreement, the CTSH Shareholders' Agreement, the CTI Services Agreement, the CTI Operating Agreement and the Crown Transition Agreements, as the same are in effect on the date hereof. Section 4.12. Liens. The Company shall not, and shall not permit any of its Restricted Subsidiaries to, directly or indirectly, create, incur, assume or suffer to exist any Lien securing Indebtedness or trade payables on any asset now owned or hereafter acquired, or any income or profits therefrom or assign or convey any right to receive income therefrom, except Permitted Liens. Section 4.13. Business Activities. The Company shall not, and shall not permit any Subsidiary to, engage in any business other than Permitted Businesses, except to the extent as would not be material to the Company and its Subsidiaries taken as a whole. Section 4.14. Corporate Existence. Subject to Article 5 hereof, the Company shall do or cause to be done all things necessary to preserve and keep in full force and effect: (1) its corporate existence, and the corporate, partnership or other existence of each of its Subsidiaries, in accordance with the respective organizational documents (as the same may be amended from time to time) of the Company or any such Subsidiary and 54

(2) the rights (charter and statutory), licenses and franchises of the Company and its Subsidiaries; provided, however, that the Company shall not be required to preserve any such right, license or franchise, or the corporate, partnership or other existence of any of its Subsidiaries, if the Board of Directors shall determine that the preservation thereof is no longer desirable in the conduct of the business of the Company and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, and that the loss thereof is not adverse in any material respect to the Holders of the Notes. Section 4.15. Offer to Repurchase Upon Change of Control. If a Change of Control occurs, the Company shall make an offer (a "Change of Control Offer") to each Holder to repurchase all or any part (equal to $1,000 or an integral multiple thereof) of each Holder's Notes at a purchase price, in cash, equal to of the aggregate principal amount of the Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest and Special Interest thereon, if any, (subject to the right of Holders of record on the relevant record date to receive interest due on the relevant interest payment date), to the date of purchase (the "Change of Control Payment"). Within 30 days following any Change of Control, the Company shall mail a notice to each Holder describing the transaction or transactions that constitute a change of control and stating: (1) that the Change of Control Offer is being made pursuant to this covenant and that all Notes tendered will be accepted for payment; (2) the purchase price and the purchase date, which shall be no earlier than 30 days and no later than 60 days from the date such notice is mailed (the "Change of Control Payment Date"); (3) that any Note not tendered will continue to accrue interest; (4) that, unless the Company defaults in the payment of the Change of Control Payment, all Notes accepted for payment pursuant to the Change of Control Offer shall cease to accrue interest after the Change of Control Payment Date; (5) that Holders electing to have any Notes purchased pursuant to a Change of Control Offer will be required to surrender the Notes, with the form entitled "Option of Holder to Elect Purchase" on the reverse of the Notes completed, to the Paying Agent at the address specified in the notice prior to the close of business on the third Business Day preceding the Change of Control Payment Date; (6) that Holders will be entitled to withdraw their election if the Paying Agent receives, not later than the close of business on the second Business Day preceding the Change of Control Payment Date, a telegram, telex, facsimile transmission or letter setting forth the name of the Holder, the principal amount of Notes delivered for purchase, and a statement that such Holder is withdrawing his election to have the Notes purchased; and (7) that Holders whose Notes are being purchased only in part will be issued new Notes equal in principal amount to the unpurchased portion of the Notes surrendered, which unpurchased portion must be equal to $1,000 in principal amount or an integral multiple thereof. 55

On the Change of Control Payment Date, the Company shall, to the extent lawful, (1) accept for payment all Notes or portions of the Notes properly tendered pursuant to the Change of Control Offer; (2) deposit with the Paying Agent an amount equal to the Change of Control Payment in respect of all Notes or portions of the Notes so tendered; and (3) deliver or cause to be delivered to the Trustee the Notes so accepted together with an Officers' Certificate stating the aggregate principal amount of Notes or portions thereof being purchased by the Company. The Paying Agent shall promptly mail to each Holder of Notes properly tendered payment in an amount equal to the purchase price for the Notes (the "Change of Control Payment"), and the Trustee shall promptly authenticate and mail (or cause to be transferred by book entry) to each Holder a new Note equal in principal amount to any unpurchased portion of the Notes surrendered by such Holder, if any; provided, that each such new Note shall be in a principal amount of $1,000 or an integral multiple thereof. The Company shall publicly announce the results of the Change of Control Offer on or as soon as practicable after the Change of Control Payment Date. The Change of Control provisions described above shall be applicable whether or not any other provisions of this Indenture are applicable. The Company shall comply with the requirements of Section 14(e) of the Exchange Act and any other securities laws or regulations to the extent those laws and regulations are applicable to any Change of Control Offer. If the provisions of any of the applicable securities laws or securities regulations conflict with the provisions of this Section 4.15, the Company shall comply with the applicable securities laws and regulations and shall not be deemed to have breached its obligations under this Section 4.15 by virtue of the compliance. The Company shall not be required to make a Change of Control Offer upon a Change of Control if a third party makes the Change of Control Offer in the manner, at the times and otherwise in compliance with the requirements set forth in this Indenture applicable to a Change of Control Offer made by the Company and purchases all Notes properly tendered and not withdrawn under such Change of Control Offer. The provisions under this Indenture relating to the Company's obligation to make an offer to repurchase the Notes as a result of a Change of Control may be waived or modified with the written consent of the Holders of a at least a majority in principal amount of the Notes then outstanding. Section 4.16. Sale and Leaseback Transactions. The Company shall not, and shall not permit any of its Restricted Subsidiaries to, enter into any sale and leaseback transaction; provided, however, that the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries may enter into a sale and leaseback transaction if: (1) the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary, as applicable, could have: (a) incurred Indebtedness in an amount equal to the Attributable Debt relating to such sale and leaseback transaction pursuant to the Debt to Adjusted Consolidated Cash Flow Ratio test set forth in the first paragraph of Section 4.09 hereof; or (b) incurred a Lien to secure such Indebtedness pursuant to the provisions of Section 4.12 hereof; 56

(2) the gross cash proceeds of such sale and leaseback transaction are at least equal to the fair market value (as determined in good faith by the Board of Directors) of the property that is the subject of the sale and leaseback transaction; and (3) the transfer of assets in the sale and leaseback transaction is permitted by, and the Company applies the proceeds of such transaction in compliance with, Section 4.10 hereof. Section 4.17. Limitation on Issuances and Sales of Capital Stock of Restricted Subsidiaries. The Company: (1) shall not, and shall not permit any of its Restricted Subsidiaries to, transfer, convey, sell, lease or otherwise dispose of any Equity Interests in any Restricted Subsidiary of the Company to any Person (other than the Company or a Wholly Owned Restricted Subsidiary of the Company); and (2) shall not permit any of its Restricted Subsidiaries to issue any of its Equity Interests (other than, if necessary, shares of its Capital Stock constituting directors' qualifying shares) to any Person other than to the Company or a Wholly Owned Restricted Subsidiary of the Company, unless, in each such case: (a) as a result of such transfer, conveyance, sale, lease or other disposition or issuance, such Restricted Subsidiary no longer constitutes a Subsidiary; and (b) the cash Net Proceeds from such transfer, conveyance, sale, lease or other disposition or issuance are applied in accordance with Section 4.10 hereof. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the issuance or sale of shares of Capital Stock of any Restricted Subsidiary of the Company will not violate the provisions of the immediately preceding sentence if such shares are issued or sold in connection with (x) the formation or capitalization of a Restricted Subsidiary or (y) a single transaction or a series of substantially contemporaneous transactions whereby such Restricted Subsidiary becomes a Restricted Subsidiary of the Company by reason of the acquisition of securities or assets from another Person. Section 4.18. Limitation on Issuances of Guarantees of Indebtedness. The Company shall not permit any Restricted Subsidiary, directly or indirectly, to Guarantee or pledge any assets to secure the payment of any other Indebtedness of the Company unless such Subsidiary simultaneously executes and delivers a supplemental indenture to this Indenture governing the Notes providing for the Guarantee of the payment of the Notes by such Subsidiary, which Guarantee shall be senior to or pari passu with such Subsidiary's Guarantee of or pledge to secure such other Indebtedness. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any Guarantee by a Subsidiary of the Notes shall provide by its terms that it shall be automatically and unconditionally released and discharged upon any sale, exchange or transfer, to any Person other than a Subsidiary of the Company, of all of the Company's stock in, or all or substantially all the assets of, such Subsidiary, which sale, exchange or transfer is made in compliance with the applicable provisions of this Indenture. The form of such Guarantee is attached as Exhibit C hereto. 57

ARTICLE 5 SUCCESSORS Section 5.01. Merger, Consolidation, or Sale of Assets. The Company shall not: (1) consolidate or merge with or into (whether or not the Company is the surviving corporation); or (2) sell, assign, transfer, lease, convey or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of its properties or assets in one or more related transactions, to another corporation, Person or entity, unless: (a) either (A) the Company is the surviving corporation; or (B) the entity or the Person formed by or surviving any such consolidation or merger (if other than the Company) or to which the sale, assignment, transfer, lease, conveyance or other disposition shall have been made is a corporation organized or existing under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia; (b) the entity or Person formed by or surviving any such consolidation or merger (if other than the Company) or the entity or Person to which the sale, assignment, transfer, lease, conveyance or other disposition shall have been made assumes all the Obligations of the Company under the Notes and this Indenture pursuant to a supplemental indenture in a form reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee; (c) immediately after such transaction no Default exists; and (d) except in the case of (A) a merger of the Company with or into a Wholly Owned Restricted Subsidiary of the Company and (B) a merger entered into solely for the purpose of reincorporating the Company in another jurisdiction: (x) in the case of a merger or consolidation in which the Company is the surviving corporation, the Company's Debt to Adjusted Consolidated Cash Flow Ratio at the time of the transaction, after giving pro forma effect to the transaction as of such date for balance sheet purposes and as if the transaction had occurred at the beginning of the most recently ended four full fiscal quarter period of the Company for which internal financial statements are available for income statement purposes, would have been less than the Company's Debt to Adjusted Consolidated Cash Flow Ratio for the same period without giving pro forma effect to such transaction, or (y) in the case of any other such transaction, the Debt to Adjusted Consolidated Cash Flow of the entity or Person formed by or surviving any such consolidation or merger (if other than the Company), or to which the sale, assignment, transfer, lease, conveyance or other disposition shall have been made, at the time of the transaction, after giving pro forma effect to the transaction as of such date for balance sheet purposes and as if such transaction had occurred at the beginning of the most recently ended four full fiscal quarter period of such entity or Person for which internal financial statements are available for income statement purposes, would have been less than the Company's Debt to Adjusted Consolidated Cash Flow Ratio for the same period without giving pro forma effect to such transaction; provided that for purposes of determining the Debt to Adjusted Consolidated Cash Flow Ratio of any entity or Person for purposes of this clause (d) the entity or Person will be substituted for the Company in 58

the definition of Debt to Adjusted Consolidated Cash Flow Ratio and the defined terms included therein under Section 4.09 hereof. Section 5.02. Successor Corporation Substituted. Upon any consolidation or merger, or any sale, assignment, transfer, lease, conveyance or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company in accordance with Section 5.01 hereof, the successor corporation formed by such consolidation or into or with which the Company is merged or to which such sale, assignment, transfer, lease, conveyance or other disposition is made shall succeed to, and be substituted for (so that from and after the date of such consolidation, merger, sale, lease, conveyance or other disposition, the provisions of this Indenture referring to the "Company" shall refer instead to the successor corporation and not to the Company), and may exercise every right and power of the Company under this Indenture with the same effect as if such successor Person had been named as the Company herein; provided, however, that the predecessor Company shall not be relieved from the obligation to pay the principal of and interest on the Notes except in the case of a sale of all of the Company's assets that meets the requirements of Section 5.01 hereof. ARTICLE 6 DEFAULTS AND REMEDIES Section 6.01. Events of Default. Each of the following constitutes an Event of Default: (1) default for 30 days in the payment when due of interest on the Notes; (2) default in payment when due of the principal of or premium or Special Interest, if any, on the Notes; (3) failure by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries to comply with the provisions described under Article 5 hereof or failure by CCIC to consummate a Change of Control Offer or Asset Sale Offer in accordance with the provisions of this Indenture; (4) failure by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries for 30 days after notice by the Trustee or the Holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Notes then outstanding voting as a single class, to comply with any of its other agreements in the Indenture or the Notes; (5) default under any mortgage, indenture or instrument under which there may be issued or by which there may be secured or evidenced any Indebtedness for money borrowed by the Company or any of its Significant Subsidiaries (or the payment of which is guaranteed by the Company or any of its Significant Subsidiaries) whether such Indebtedness or guarantee now exists, or is created after the date of this Indenture, which default: (a) is caused by a failure to pay principal of or premium or Special Interest, if any, or interest on the Indebtedness prior to the expiration of the grace period provided in such Indebtedness on the date of the default (a "Payment Default"); or (b) results in the acceleration of the Indebtedness prior to its express maturity and, in each case, the principal amount of any such Indebtedness, together with the principal amount of 59

any other such Indebtedness under which there has been a Payment Default or the maturity of which has been so accelerated, aggregates $20.0 million or more; (6) failure by the Company or any of its Significant Subsidiaries to pay final judgments aggregating in excess of $20.0 million, which judgments are not paid, discharged or stayed for a period of 60 days; or (7) the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries pursuant to or within the meaning of Bankruptcy Law: (a) commences a voluntary case, (b) consents to the entry of an order for relief against it in an involuntary case, (c) consents to the appointment of a Custodian of it or for all or substantially all of its property, (d) makes a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors, or (e) generally is not paying its debts as they become due; or (8) a court of competent jurisdiction enters an order or decree under any Bankruptcy Law that: (a) is for relief against the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries in an involuntary case; (b) appoints a Custodian of the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries or for all or substantially all of the property of the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries; or (c) orders the liquidation of the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries; and the order or decree remains unstayed and in effect for 60 consecutive days. Section 6.02. Acceleration. If any Event of Default occurs and is continuing, the Trustee or the Holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the then outstanding Notes may declare all the Notes to be due and payable immediately. Upon any such declaration, the principal of, and accrued and unpaid interest if any, on such Notes shall become due and payable immediately. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if an Event of Default specified in clause (7) or (8) of Section 6.01 hereof occurs with respect to the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries, all outstanding Notes shall be due and payable immediately without further action or notice. The Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the then outstanding Notes by written notice to the Trustee may on behalf of all of the Holders rescind an acceleration and its consequences if the rescission would not conflict with any judgment or decree and if all existing Events of Default (except nonpayment of principal, interest or premium that has become due solely because of the acceleration) have been cured or waived. 60

Section 6.03. Other Remedies. If an Event of Default occurs and is continuing, the Trustee may pursue any available remedy to collect the payment of principal of, premium or Special Interest, if any, and interest on the Notes or to enforce the performance of any provision of the Notes or this Indenture. The Trustee may maintain a proceeding even if it does not possess any of the Notes or does not produce any of them in the proceeding. A delay or omission by the Trustee or any Holder of a Note in exercising any right or remedy accruing upon an Event of Default shall not impair the right or remedy or constitute a waiver of or acquiescence in the Event of Default. All remedies are cumulative to the extent permitted by law. Section 6.04. Waiver of Past Defaults. Holders of not less than a majority in aggregate principal amount of the then outstanding Notes by notice to the Trustee may on behalf of the Holders of all of the Notes waive an existing Default or Event of Default and its consequences hereunder, except a continuing Default or Event of Default in the payment of the principal of, premium or Special Interest, if any, or interest on, the Notes (including in connection with an offer to purchase) (provided, however, that the Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the then outstanding Notes may rescind an acceleration and its consequences, including any related payment default that resulted from such acceleration). Upon any such waiver, such Default shall cease to exist, and any Event of Default arising therefrom shall be deemed to have been cured for every purpose of this Indenture; but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or other Default or impair any right consequent thereon. Section 6.05. Control by Majority. Holders of a majority in principal amount of the then outstanding Notes may direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for exercising any remedy available to the Trustee or exercising any trust or power conferred on it. However, the Trustee may refuse to follow any direction that conflicts with law or this Indenture that the Trustee determines may be unduly prejudicial to the rights of other Holders of Notes or that may involve the Trustee in personal liability. Section 6.06. Limitation on Suits. A Holder of a Note may pursue a remedy with respect to this Indenture or the Notes only if: (1) the Holder of a Note gives to the Trustee written notice of a continuing Event of Default; (2) the Holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the then outstanding Notes make a written request to the Trustee to pursue the remedy; (3) such Holder of a Note or Holders of Notes offer and, if requested, provide to the Trustee indemnity satisfactory to the Trustee against any loss, liability or expense; (4) the Trustee does not comply with the request within 60 days after receipt of the request and the offer and, if requested, the provision of indemnity; and 61

(5) during such 60-day period the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the then outstanding Notes do not give the Trustee a direction inconsistent with the request. A Holder of a Note may not use this Indenture to prejudice the rights of another Holder of a Note or to obtain a preference or priority over another Holder of a Note. Section 6.07. Rights of Holders of Notes to Receive Payment. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Indenture, the right of any Holder of a Note to receive payment of principal of, premium and Special Interest, if any, and interest on the Note, on or after the respective due dates expressed in the Note (including in connection with an offer to purchase), or to bring suit for the enforcement of any such payment on or after such respective dates, shall not be impaired or affected without the consent of such Holder. Section 6.08. Collection Suit by Trustee. If an Event of Default specified in Section 6.01(a) or (b) occurs and is continuing, the Trustee is authorized to recover judgment in its own name and as trustee of an express trust against the Company for the whole amount of principal of, premium or Special Interest, if any, and interest remaining unpaid on the Notes and interest on overdue principal and, to the extent lawful, interest and such further amount as shall be sufficient to cover the costs and expenses of collection, including the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel. Section 6.09. Trustee May File Proofs of Claim. The Trustee is authorized to file such proofs of claim and other papers or documents as may be necessary or advisable in order to have the claims of the Trustee (including any claim for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel) and the Holders of the Notes allowed in any judicial proceedings relative to the Company (or any other obligor upon the Notes), its creditors or its property and shall be entitled and empowered to collect, receive and distribute any money or other property payable or deliverable on any such claims and any Custodian in any such judicial proceeding is hereby authorized by each Holder to make such payments to the Trustee, and in the event that the Trustee shall consent to the making of such payments directly to the Holders, to pay to the Trustee any amount due to it for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, and any other amounts due the Trustee under Section 7.07 hereof. To the extent that the payment of any such compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, and any other amounts due the Trustee under Section 7.07 hereof out of the estate in any such proceeding, shall be denied for any reason, payment of the same shall be secured by a Lien on, and shall be paid out of, any and all distributions, dividends, money, securities and other properties that the Holders may be entitled to receive in such proceeding whether in liquidation or under any plan of reorganization or arrangement or otherwise. Nothing herein contained shall be deemed to authorize the Trustee to authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Holder any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the Notes or the rights of any Holder, or to authorize the Trustee to vote in respect of the claim of any Holder in any such proceeding. 62

Section 6.10. Priorities. If the Trustee collects any money pursuant to this Article, it shall pay out the money in the following order: First: to the Trustee, its agents and attorneys for amounts due under Section 7.07 hereof, including payment of all compensation, expense and liabilities incurred, and all advances made, by the Trustee and the costs and expenses of collection; Second: to Holders of Notes for amounts due and unpaid on the Notes for principal, premium and Special Interest, if any, and interest, ratably, without preference or priority of any kind, according to the amounts due and payable on the Notes for principal, premium and Special Interest, if any and interest, respectively; and Third: to the Company or to such party as a court of competent jurisdiction shall direct. The Trustee may fix a record date and payment date for any payment to Holders of Notes pursuant to this Section 6.10. Section 6.11. Undertaking for Costs. In any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under this Indenture or in any suit against the Trustee for any action taken or omitted by it as a Trustee, a court in its discretion may require the filing by any party litigant in the suit of an undertaking to pay the costs of the suit, and the court in its discretion may assess reasonable costs, including reasonable attorneys' fees, against any party litigant in the suit, having due regard to the merits and good faith of the claims or defenses made by the party litigant. This Section does not apply to a suit by the Trustee, a suit by a Holder of a Note pursuant to Section 6.07 hereof, or a suit by Holders of more than 10% in principal amount of the then outstanding Notes. ARTICLE 7 TRUSTEE Section 7.01. Duties of Trustee. (a) If an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the Trustee shall exercise such of the rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture, and use the same degree of care and skill in its exercise, as a prudent person would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct of such person's own affairs. (b) Except during the continuance of an Event of Default: (i) the duties of the Trustee shall be determined solely by the express provisions of this Indenture and the Trustee need perform only those duties that are specifically set forth in this Indenture and no others, and no implied covenants or obligations shall be read into this Indenture against the Trustee; and 63

(ii) in the absence of bad faith on its part, the Trustee may conclusively rely, as to the truth of the statements and the correctness of the opinions expressed therein, upon certificates or opinions furnished to the Trustee and conforming to the requirements of this Indenture. However, the Trustee shall examine the certificates and opinions to determine whether or not they conform to the requirements of this Indenture. (c) The Trustee may not be relieved from liabilities for its own negligent action, its own negligent failure to act, or its own willful misconduct, except that: (i) this paragraph does not limit the effect of paragraph (b) of this Section; (ii) the Trustee shall not be liable for any error of judgment made in good faith by a Responsible Officer, unless it is proved that the Trustee was negligent in ascertaining the pertinent facts; and (iii) the Trustee shall not be liable with respect to any action it takes or omits to take in good faith in accordance with a direction received by it pursuant to Section 6.05 hereof. (d) Whether or not therein expressly so provided, every provision of this Indenture that in any way relates to the Trustee is subject to paragraphs (a), (b), and (c) of this Section. (e) No provision of this Indenture shall require the Trustee to expend or risk its own funds or incur any liability. The Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any of its rights and powers under this Indenture at the request of any Holders, unless such Holder shall have offered to the Trustee security and indemnity satisfactory to it against any loss, liability or expense. (f) The Trustee shall not be liable for interest on any money received by it except as the Trustee may agree in writing with the Company. Money held in trust by the Trustee need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law. Section 7.02. Rights of Trustee. (a) The Trustee may conclusively rely upon any document believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper Person. The Trustee need not investigate any fact or matter stated in the document. (b) Before the Trustee acts or refrains from acting, it may require an Officers' Certificate or an Opinion of Counsel or both. The Trustee shall not be liable for any action it takes or omits to take in good faith in reliance on such Officers' Certificate or Opinion of Counsel. The Trustee may consult with counsel and the written and oral advice of such counsel or any Opinion of Counsel shall be full and complete authorization and protection from liability in respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted by it hereunder in good faith and in reliance thereon. (c) The Trustee may act through its attorneys and agents and shall not be responsible for the misconduct or negligence of any agent appointed with due care. (d) The Trustee shall not be liable for any action it takes or omits to take in good faith that it believes to be authorized or within the rights or powers conferred upon it by this Indenture. 64

(e) Unless otherwise specifically provided in this Indenture, any demand, request, direction or notice from the Company shall be sufficient if signed by an Officer of the Company. (f) The Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any of the rights or powers vested in it by this Indenture at the request or direction of any of the Holders unless such Holders shall have offered to the Trustee reasonable security or indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities that might be incurred by it in compliance with such request or direction. Section 7.03. Individual Rights of Trustee. The Trustee in its individual or any other capacity may become the owner or pledgee of Notes and may otherwise deal with the Company or any Affiliate of the Company with the same rights it would have if it were not Trustee. However, in the event that the Trustee acquires any conflicting interest it must eliminate such conflict within 90 days, apply to the SEC for permission to continue as trustee or resign. Any Agent may do the same with like rights and duties. The Trustee is also subject to Sections 7.10 and 7.11 hereof. Section 7.04. Trustee's Disclaimer. The Trustee shall not be responsible for and makes no representation as to the validity or adequacy of this Indenture or the Notes, it shall not be accountable for the Company's use of the proceeds from the Notes or any money paid to the Company or upon the Company's direction under any provision of this Indenture, it shall not be responsible for the use or application of any money received by any Paying Agent other than the Trustee, and it shall not be responsible for any statement or recital herein or any statement in the Notes or any other document in connection with the sale of the Notes or pursuant to this Indenture other than its certificate of authentication. Section 7.05. Notice of Defaults. If a Default or Event of Default occurs and is continuing and if it is known to the Trustee, the Trustee shall mail to Holders of Notes a notice of the Default or Event of Default within 90 days after it occurs. Except in the case of a Default or Event of Default in payment of principal of, premium and Special Interest, if any, or interest on any Note, the Trustee may withhold the notice if and so long as a committee of its Responsible Officers in good faith determines that withholding the notice is in the interests of the Holders of the Notes. Section 7.06. Reports by Trustee to Holders of the Notes. Within 60 days after each August 1 beginning with the August 1 following the date of this Indenture, and for so long as Notes remain outstanding, the Trustee shall mail to the Holders of the Notes a brief report dated as of such reporting date that complies with TIA (S) 313(a) (but if no event described in TIA (S) 313(a) has occurred within the twelve months preceding the reporting date, no report need be transmitted). The Trustee also shall comply with TIA (S) 313(b). The Trustee shall also transmit by mail all reports as required by TIA (S) 313(c). A copy of each report at the time of its mailing to the Holders of Notes shall be mailed to the Company and filed with the SEC and each stock exchange on which the Notes are listed in accordance 65

with TIA (S) 313(d). The Company shall promptly notify the Trustee when the Notes are listed on any stock exchange. Section 7.07. Compensation and Indemnity. The Company shall pay to the Trustee from time to time reasonable compensation for its acceptance of this Indenture and services hereunder. The Trustee's compensation shall not be limited by any law on compensation of a trustee of an express trust. The Company shall reimburse the Trustee promptly upon request for all reasonable disbursements, advances and expenses incurred or made by it in addition to the compensation for its services. Such expenses shall include the reasonable compensation, disbursements and expenses of the Trustee's agents and counsel. The Company shall indemnify the Trustee against any and all losses, liabilities or expenses incurred by it arising out of or in connection with the acceptance or administration of its duties under this Indenture, including the costs and expenses of enforcing this Indenture against the Company (including this Section 7.07) and defending itself against any claim (whether asserted by the Company or any Holder or any other person) or liability in connection with the exercise or performance of any of its powers or duties hereunder, except to the extent any such loss, liability or expense may be attributable to its negligence or bad faith. The Trustee shall notify the Company promptly of any claim for which it may seek indemnity. Failure by the Trustee to so notify the Company shall not relieve the Company of its obligations hereunder. The Company shall defend the claim and the Trustee shall cooperate in the defense. The Trustee may have separate counsel and the Company shall pay the reasonable fees and expenses of such counsel. The Company need not pay for any settlement made without its consent, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld. The obligations of the Company under this Section 7.07 shall survive the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture. To secure the Company's payment obligations in this Section, the Trustee shall have a Lien prior to the Notes on all money or property held or collected by the Trustee, except that held in trust to pay principal and interest on particular Notes. Such Lien shall survive the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture. When the Trustee incurs expenses or renders services after an Event of Default specified in Section 6.01(g) or (h) hereof occurs, the expenses and the compensation for the services (including the fees and expenses of its agents and counsel) are intended to constitute expenses of administration under any Bankruptcy Law. The Trustee shall comply with the provisions of TIA (S) 313(b)(2) to the extent applicable. Section 7.08. Replacement of Trustee. A resignation or removal of the Trustee and appointment of a successor Trustee shall become effective only upon the successor Trustee's acceptance of appointment as provided in this Section. The Trustee may resign in writing at any time and be discharged from the trust hereby created by so notifying the Company. The Holders of a majority in principal amount of the then outstanding 66

Notes may remove the Trustee by so notifying the Trustee and the Company in writing. The Company may remove the Trustee if: (a) the Trustee fails to comply with Section 7.10 hereof; (b) the Trustee is adjudged a bankrupt or an insolvent or an order for relief is entered with respect to the Trustee under any Bankruptcy Law; (c) a Custodian or public officer takes charge of the Trustee or its property; or (d) the Trustee becomes incapable of acting. If the Trustee resigns or is removed or if a vacancy exists in the office of Trustee for any reason, the Company shall promptly appoint a successor Trustee. Within one year after the successor Trustee takes office, the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the then outstanding Notes may appoint a successor Trustee to replace the successor Trustee appointed by the Company. If a successor Trustee does not take office within 60 days after the retiring Trustee resigns or is removed, the retiring Trustee, the Company, or the Holders of at least 10% in principal amount of the then outstanding Notes may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee. If the Trustee, after written request by any Holder who has been a Holder for at least six months, fails to comply with Section 7.10, such Holder may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the removal of the Trustee and the appointment of a successor Trustee. A successor Trustee shall deliver a written acceptance of its appointment to the retiring Trustee and to the Company. Thereupon, the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective, and the successor Trustee shall have all the rights, powers and duties of the Trustee under this Indenture. The successor Trustee shall mail a notice of its succession to Holders. The retiring Trustee shall promptly transfer all property held by it as Trustee to the successor Trustee, provided all sums owing to the Trustee hereunder have been paid and subject to the Lien provided for in Section 7.07 hereof. Notwithstanding replacement of the Trustee pursuant to this Section 7.08, the Company's obligations under Section 7.07 hereof shall continue for the benefit of the retiring Trustee. Section 7.09. Successor Trustee by Merger, etc. If the Trustee consolidates, merges or converts into, or transfers all or substantially all of its corporate trust business to, another corporation, the successor corporation without any further act shall be the successor Trustee. Section 7.10. Eligibility; Disqualification. There shall at all times be a Trustee hereunder that is a corporation organized and doing business under the laws of the United States of America or of any state thereof that is authorized under such laws to exercise corporate trustee power, that is subject to supervision or examination by federal or state authorities and that has a combined capital and surplus of at least $75 million as set forth in its most recent published annual report of condition. 67

This Indenture shall always have a Trustee who satisfies the requirements of TIA (S) 310(a)(1), (2) and (5). The Trustee is subject to TIA (S) 310(b). Section 7.11. Preferential Collection of Claims Against Company. The Trustee is subject to TIA (S) 311(a), excluding any creditor relationship listed in TIA (S) 311(b). A Trustee who has resigned or been removed shall be subject to TIA (S) 311(a) to the extent indicated therein. ARTICLE 8 LEGAL DEFEASANCE AND COVENANT DEFEASANCE Section 8.01. Option to Effect Legal Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance. The Company may, at the option of its Board of Directors evidenced by a resolution set forth in an Officers' Certificate, at any time, elect to have either Section 8.02 or 8.03 hereof be applied to all outstanding Notes upon compliance with the conditions set forth below in this Article Eight. Section 8.02. Legal Defeasance and Discharge. Upon the Company's exercise under Section 8.01 hereof of the option applicable to this Section 8.02, the Company shall, subject to the satisfaction of the conditions set forth in Section 8.04 hereof, be deemed to have been discharged from its obligations with respect to all outstanding Notes on the date the conditions set forth below are satisfied (hereinafter, "Legal Defeasance"). For this purpose, Legal Defeasance means that the Company shall be deemed to have paid and discharged the entire Indebtedness represented by the outstanding Notes, which shall thereafter be deemed to be "outstanding" only for the purposes of Section 8.05 hereof and the other Sections of this Indenture referred to in (1) and (2) below, and to have satisfied all its other obligations under such Notes and this Indenture (and the Trustee, on demand of and at the expense of the Company, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging the same), except for the following provisions which shall survive until otherwise terminated or discharged hereunder: (1) the rights of Holders of outstanding Notes to receive solely from the trust fund described in Section 8.04 hereof, and as more fully set forth in such Section, payments in respect of the principal of, premium and Special Interest, if any, and interest on such Notes when such payments are due; (2) the Company's obligations with respect to such Notes under Article 2 and Section 4.02 hereof; (3) the rights, powers, trusts, duties and immunities of the Trustee hereunder and the Company's obligations in connection therewith; and (4) this Article Eight. Subject to compliance with this Article Eight, the Company may exercise its option under this Section 8.02 notwithstanding the prior exercise of its option under Section 8.03 hereof. 68

Section 8.03. Covenant Defeasance. Upon the Company's exercise under Section 8.01 hereof of the option applicable to this Section 8.03, the Company shall, subject to the satisfaction of the conditions set forth in Section 8.04 hereof, be released from its obligations under the covenants contained in Sections 4.07, 4.08, 4.09, 4.10, 4.11, 4.12, 4.13, 4.15, 4.16, 4.17 and 4.18 hereof and clause (4) of Section 5.01 hereof with respect to the outstanding Notes on and after the date the conditions set forth in Section 8.04 are satisfied (hereinafter, "Covenant Defeasance"), and the Notes shall thereafter be deemed not "outstanding" for the purposes of any direction, waiver, consent or declaration or act of Holders (and the consequences of any thereof) in connection with such covenants, but shall continue to be deemed "outstanding" for all other purposes hereunder (it being understood that such Notes shall not be deemed outstanding for accounting purposes). For this purpose, Covenant Defeasance means that, with respect to the outstanding Notes, the Company may omit to comply with and shall have no liability in respect of any term, condition or limitation set forth in any such covenant, whether directly or indirectly, by reason of any reference elsewhere herein to any such covenant or by reason of any reference in any such covenant to any other provision herein or in any other document and such omission to comply shall not constitute a Default or an Event of Default under Section 6.01 hereof, but, except as specified above, the remainder of this Indenture and such Notes shall be unaffected thereby. In addition, upon the Company's exercise under Section 8.01 hereof of the option applicable to this Section 8.03 hereof, subject to the satisfaction of the conditions set forth in Section 8.04 hereof, Sections 6.01(3) through 6.01(6) hereof shall not constitute Events of Default. Section 8.04. Conditions to Legal or Covenant Defeasance. The following shall be the conditions to the application of either Section 8.02 or 8.03 hereof to the outstanding Notes: In order to exercise either Legal Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance: (1) the Company must irrevocably deposit with the Trustee, in trust, for the benefit of the Holders, cash in United States dollars, non-callable Government Securities, or a combination thereof, in such amounts as will be sufficient, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants, to pay the principal of, premium and Special Interest, if any, and interest on the outstanding Notes on the stated date for payment thereof or on the applicable redemption date, as the case may be; (2) in the case of an election under Section 8.02 hereof, the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel in the United States reasonably acceptable to the Trustee confirming that: (a) the Company has received from, or there has been published by, the Internal Revenue Service a ruling; or (b) since the date of this Indenture, there has been a change in the applicable federal income tax law, in either case to the effect that, and based thereon such Opinion of Counsel shall confirm that, the Holders of the outstanding Notes will not recognize income, gain or loss for federal income tax purposes as a result of such Legal Defeasance and will be subject to federal income tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such Legal Defeasance had not occurred; 69

(3) in the case of an election under Section 8.03 hereof, the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel in the United States reasonably acceptable to the Trustee confirming that the Holders of the outstanding Notes will not recognize income, gain or loss for federal income tax purposes as a result of such Covenant Defeasance and will be subject to federal income tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such Covenant Defeasance had not occurred; (4) no Default or Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing either: (a) on the date of such deposit (other than a Default or Event of Default resulting from the borrowing of funds to be applied to such deposit); or (b) insofar as Sections 6.01(7) or 6.01(8) hereof are concerned, at any time in the period ending on the 91st day after the date of deposit; (5) such Legal Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance shall not result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, any material agreement or instrument (other than this Indenture) to which the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries is a party or by which the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries is bound; (6) the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that on the 91st day following the deposit, the trust funds will not be subject to the effect of any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or similar laws affecting creditors' rights generally; (7) the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate stating that the deposit was not made by the Company with the intent of preferring the Holders over any other creditors of the Company or with the intent of defeating, hindering, delaying or defrauding any other creditors of the Company or others; and (8) the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent provided for or relating to the Legal Defeasance or the Covenant Defeasance have been complied with. Section 8.05. Deposited Money and Government Securities to be Held in Trust; Other Miscellaneous Provisions. Subject to Section 8.06 hereof, all money and non-callable Government Securities (including the proceeds thereof) deposited with the Trustee (or other qualifying trustee, collectively for purposes of this Section 8.05, the "Trustee") pursuant to Section 8.04 hereof in respect of the outstanding Notes shall be held in trust and applied by the Trustee, in accordance with the provisions of such Notes and this Indenture, to the payment, either directly or through any Paying Agent (including the Company acting as Paying Agent) as the Trustee may determine, to the Holders of such Notes of all sums due and to become due thereon in respect of principal, premium and Special Interest, if any, and interest, but such money need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law. The Company shall pay and indemnify the Trustee against any tax, fee or other charge imposed on or assessed against the cash or non-callable Government Securities deposited pursuant to 70

Section 8.04 hereof or the principal and interest received in respect thereof other than any such tax, fee or other charge which by law is for the account of the Holders of the outstanding Notes. Anything in this Article Eight to the contrary notwithstanding, the Trustee shall deliver or pay to the Company from time to time upon the request of the Company any money or non-callable Government Securities held by it as provided in Section 8.04 hereof which, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee (which may be the opinion delivered under Section 8.04(a) hereof), are in excess of the amount thereof that would then be required to be deposited to effect an equivalent Legal Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance. Section 8.06. Repayment to Company. Any money deposited with the Trustee or any Paying Agent, or then held by the Company, in trust for the payment of the principal of, premium and Special Interest, if any, or interest on any Note and remaining unclaimed for two years after such principal, and premium and Special Interest, if any, or interest has become due and payable shall be paid to the Company on its request or (if then held by the Company) shall be discharged from such trust; and the Holder of such Note shall thereafter look only to the Company for payment thereof, and all liability of the Trustee or such Paying Agent with respect to such trust money, and all liability of the Company as trustee thereof, shall thereupon cease; provided, however, that the Trustee or such Paying Agent, before being required to make any such repayment, may at the expense of the Company cause to be published once, in the New York Times and The Wall Street Journal (national edition), notice that such money remains unclaimed and that, after a date specified therein, which shall not be less than 30 days from the date of such notification or publication, any unclaimed balance of such money then remaining will be repaid to the Company. Section 8.07. Reinstatement. If the Trustee or Paying Agent is unable to apply any United States dollars or non-callable Government Securities in accordance with Section 8.02 or 8.03 hereof, as the case may be, by reason of any order or judgment of any court or governmental authority enjoining, restraining or otherwise prohibiting such application, then the Company's obligations under this Indenture and the Notes shall be revived and reinstated as though no deposit had occurred pursuant to Section 8.02 or 8.03 hereof until such time as the Trustee or Paying Agent is permitted to apply all such money in accordance with Section 8.02 or 8.03 hereof, as the case may be; provided, however, that, if the Company makes any payment of principal of, premium or Special Interest, if any, or interest on any Note following the reinstatement of its obligations, the Company shall be subrogated to the rights of the Holders of such Notes to receive such payment from the money held by the Trustee or Paying Agent. ARTICLE 9 AMENDMENT, SUPPLEMENT AND WAIVER Section 9.01. Without Consent of Holders of Notes. Notwithstanding Section 9.02 of this Indenture, the Company and the Trustee may amend or supplement this Indenture or the Notes without the consent of any Holder of Notes: 71

(1) to cure any ambiguity, defect or inconsistency; (2) to provide for uncertificated Notes in addition to or in place of certificated Notes or to alter the provisions of Article 2 hereof (including the related definitions) in a manner that does not materially adversely affect any Holder; (3) to provide for the assumption of the Company's obligations to the Holders of the Notes by a successor to the Company pursuant to Article 5 hereof; (4) to make any change that would provide any additional rights or benefits to the Holders of the Notes or that does not adversely affect the legal rights hereunder of any Holder of Notes; (5) to comply with requirements of the SEC in order to effect or maintain the qualification of this Indenture under the TIA; (6) to provide for the issuance of the Additional Notes in accordance with the limitations set forth in this Indenture as of the date hereof. Upon the request of the Company accompanied by a resolution of its Board of Directors authorizing the execution of any such amended or supplemental Indenture, and upon receipt by the Trustee of the documents described in Section 7.02 hereof, the Trustee shall join with the Company in the execution of any amended or supplemental Indenture authorized or permitted by the terms of this Indenture and to make any further appropriate agreements and stipulations that may be therein contained, but the Trustee shall not be obligated to enter into such amended or supplemental Indenture that affects its own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture or otherwise. Section 9.02. With Consent of Holders of Notes. Except as provided below in this Section 9.02, the Company and the Trustee may amend or supplement this Indenture (including Section 3.09, 4.10 and 4.15 hereof) and the Notes with the consent of the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the Notes then outstanding, voting as a single class, (including, without limitation, consents obtained in connection with a tender offer or exchange offer for, or purchase of, the Notes), and, subject to Sections 6.04 and 6.07 hereof, any existing Default or Event of Default (other than a Default or Event of Default in the payment of the principal of, premium, Special Interest, if any, or interest on the Notes, except a payment default resulting from an acceleration that has been rescinded) or compliance with any provision of this Indenture or the Notes may be waived with the consent of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the then outstanding Notes, voting as a single class, (including consents obtained in connection with a tender offer or exchange offer for, or purchase of, the Notes). Section 2.08 hereof shall determine which Notes are considered to be "outstanding" for purposes of this Section 9.02. Upon the request of the Company accompanied by a resolution of its Board of Directors authorizing the execution of any such amended or supplemental Indenture, and upon the filing with the Trustee of evidence satisfactory to the Trustee of the consent of the Holders of Notes as aforesaid, and upon receipt by the Trustee of the documents described in Section 7.02 hereof, the Trustee shall join with the Company in the execution of such amended or supplemental Indenture unless such amended or supplemental Indenture directly affects the Trustee's own rights, duties or immunities under this 72

Indenture or otherwise, in which case the Trustee may in its discretion, but shall not be obligated to, enter into such amended or supplemental Indenture. It shall not be necessary for the consent of the Holders of Notes under this Section 9.02 to approve the particular form of any proposed amendment or waiver, but it shall be sufficient if such consent approves the substance thereof. After an amendment, supplement or waiver under this Section becomes effective, the Company shall mail to the Holders of Notes affected thereby a notice briefly describing the amendment, supplement or waiver. Any failure of the Company to mail such notice, or any defect therein, shall not, however, in any way impair or affect the validity of any such amended or supplemental Indenture or waiver. Subject to Sections 6.04 and 6.07 hereof, the Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Notes then outstanding, voting as a single class, may waive compliance in a particular instance by the Company with any provision of this Indenture or the Notes. However, without the consent of each Holder affected, an amendment or waiver under this Section 9.02 may not (with respect to any Notes held by a non-consenting Holder): (1) reduce the principal amount of Notes whose Holders must consent to an amendment, supplement or waiver; (2) reduce the principal of or change the fixed maturity of any Note or alter or waive any of the provisions with respect to the redemption of the Notes, except as provided above with respect to Sections 3.09, 4.10 and 4.15 hereof; (3) reduce the rate of or change the time for payment of interest, including default interest, on any Note; (4) waive a Default or Event of Default in the payment of principal of or premium or Special Interest, if any, or interest on the Notes (except a rescission of acceleration of the Notes by the Holders of at least a majority in aggregate principal amount of the then outstanding Notes and a waiver of the payment default that resulted from such acceleration); (5) make any Note payable in money other than that stated in the Notes; (6) make any change in the provisions of this Indenture relating to waivers of past Defaults or the rights of Holders of Notes to receive payments of principal of, or premium or Special Interest, if any, or interest on the Notes; (7) waive a redemption payment (but not any payment pursuant to Sections 3.09, 4.10 or 4.15 hereof) with respect to any Note; (8) except as provided under Article Eight hereof or in accordance with the terms of any Note Guarantee, release any Guarantor from any of its obligations under its Note Guarantee or make any change in a Note Guarantee that would adversely affect the Holders of the Notes; or (9) make any change in Section 6.04 or 6.07 hereof or in the foregoing amendment and waiver provisions. 73

Section 9.03. Compliance with Trust Indenture Act. Every amendment or supplement to this Indenture or the Notes shall be set forth in a amended or supplemental Indenture that complies with the TIA as then in effect. Section 9.04. Revocation and Effect of Consents. Until an amendment, supplement or waiver becomes effective, a consent to it by a Holder of a Note is a continuing consent by the Holder of a Note and every subsequent Holder of a Note or portion of a Note that evidences the same debt as the consenting Holder's Note, even if notation of the consent is not made on any Note. However, any such Holder of a Note or subsequent Holder of a Note may revoke the consent as to its Note if the Trustee receives written notice of revocation before the date the waiver, supplement or amendment becomes effective. An amendment, supplement or waiver becomes effective in accordance with its terms and thereafter binds every Holder. Section 9.05. Notation on or Exchange of Notes. The Trustee may place an appropriate notation about an amendment, supplement or waiver on any Note thereafter authenticated. The Company in exchange for all Notes may issue and the Trustee shall, upon receipt of an Authentication Order, authenticate new Notes that reflect the amendment, supplement or waiver. Failure to make the appropriate notation or issue a new Note shall not affect the validity and effect of such amendment, supplement or waiver. Section 9.06. Trustee to Sign Amendments, etc. The Trustee shall sign any amended or supplemental Indenture authorized pursuant to this Article Nine if the amendment or supplement does not adversely affect the rights, duties, liabilities or immunities of the Trustee. The Company may not sign an amendment or supplemental Indenture until the Board of Directors approves it. In executing any amended or supplemental indenture, the Trustee shall be entitled to receive and (subject to Section 7.01 hereof) shall be fully protected in relying upon, in addition to the documents required by Section 11.04 hereof, an Officer's Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel stating that the execution of such amended or supplemental indenture is authorized or permitted by this Indenture. ARTICLE 10 NOTE GUARANTEES Section 10.01. Guarantee. The provisions of this Article 10 shall apply only to those Subsidiaries of the Company, if any, that execute one or more supplemental indentures to this Indenture in the form of Exhibit C to this Indenture in compliance with the requirements of Section 4.18 of this Indenture. Subject to this Article 10, each of the Guarantors hereby, jointly and severally, unconditionally guarantees to each Holder of a Note authenticated and delivered by the Trustee and to the Trustee and its 74

successors and assigns, irrespective of the validity and enforceability of this Indenture, the Notes or the obligations of the Company hereunder or thereunder, that: (a) the principal of and interest on the Notes will be promptly paid in full when due, whether, by acceleration, redemption or otherwise, and interest on the overdue principal of and interest on the Notes, if any, if lawful, and all other obligations of the Company to the Holders or the Trustee hereunder or thereunder will be promptly paid in full or performed, all in accordance with the terms hereof and thereof; and (b) in case of any extension of time of payment or renewal of any Notes or any of such other obligations, that same will be promptly paid in full when due or performed in accordance with the terms of the extension or renewal, whether at stated maturity, by acceleration or otherwise. Failing payment when due of any amount so guaranteed or any performance so guaranteed for whatever reason, the Guarantors shall be jointly and severally obligated to pay the same immediately. Each Guarantor agrees that this is a guarantee of payment and not a guarantee of collection. The Guarantors hereby agree that their obligations hereunder shall be unconditional, irrespective of the validity, regularity or enforceability of the Notes or this Indenture, the absence of any action to enforce the same, any waiver or consent by any Holder of the Notes with respect to any provisions hereof or thereof, the recovery of any judgment against the Company, any action to enforce the same or any other circumstance which might otherwise constitute a legal or equitable discharge or defense of a guarantor. Each Guarantor hereby waives diligence, presentment, demand of payment, filing of claims with a court in the event of insolvency or bankruptcy of the Company, any right to require a proceeding first against the Company, protest, notice and all demands whatsoever and covenant that this Note Guarantee shall not be discharged except by complete performance of the obligations contained in the Notes and this Indenture. If any Holder or the Trustee is required by any court or otherwise to return to the Company, the Guarantors or any Custodian, trustee, liquidator or other similar official acting in relation to either the Company or the Guarantors, any amount paid by either to the Trustee or such Holder, this Note Guarantee, to the extent theretofore discharged, shall be reinstated in full force and effect. Each Guarantor agrees that it shall not be entitled to any right of subrogation in relation to the Holders in respect of any obligations guaranteed hereby until payment in full of all obligations guaranteed hereby. Each Guarantor further agrees that, as between the Guarantors, on the one hand, and the Holders and the Trustee, on the other hand, (x) the maturity of the obligations guaranteed hereby may be accelerated as provided in Article 6 hereof for the purposes of this Note Guarantee, notwithstanding any stay, injunction or other prohibition preventing such acceleration in respect of the obligations guaranteed hereby, and (y) in the event of any declaration of acceleration of such obligations as provided in Article 6 hereof, such obligations (whether or not due and payable) shall forthwith become due and payable by the Guarantors for the purpose of this Note Guarantee. The Guarantors shall have the right to seek contribution from any non-paying Guarantor so long as the exercise of such right does not impair the rights of the Holders under the Guarantee. Section 10.02. Limitation on Guarantor Liability. Each Guarantor, and by its acceptance of Notes, each Holder, hereby confirms that it is the intention of all such parties that the Note Guarantee of such Guarantor not constitute a fraudulent transfer or conveyance for purposes of Bankruptcy Law, the Uniform Fraudulent Conveyance Act, the Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act or any similar federal or state law to the extent applicable to any Note 75

Guarantee. To effectuate the foregoing intention, the Trustee, the Holders and the Guarantors hereby irrevocably agree that the obligations of such Guarantor will, after giving effect to such maximum amount and all other contingent and fixed liabilities of such Guarantor that are relevant under such laws, and after giving effect to any collections from, rights to receive contribution from or payments made by or on behalf of any other Guarantor in respect of the obligations of such other Guarantor under this Article 10, result in the obligations of such Guarantor under its Note Guarantee not constituting a fraudulent transfer or conveyance. Section 10.03. Execution and Delivery of Note Guarantee. To evidence its Note Guarantee set forth in Section 10.01, each Guarantor hereby agrees that a notation of such Note Guarantee substantially in the form included in Exhibit E shall be endorsed by an Officer of such Guarantor on each Note authenticated and delivered by the Trustee and that this Indenture shall be executed on behalf of such Guarantor by its President or one of its Vice Presidents. Each Guarantor hereby agrees that its Note Guarantee set forth in Section 10.01 shall remain in full force and effect notwithstanding any failure to endorse on each Note a notation of such Note Guarantee. If an Officer whose signature is on this Indenture or on the Note Guarantee no longer holds that office at the time the Trustee authenticates the Note on which a Note Guarantee is endorsed, the Note Guarantee shall be valid nevertheless. The delivery of any Note by the Trustee, after the authentication thereof hereunder, shall constitute due delivery of the Note Guarantee set forth in this Indenture on behalf of the Guarantors. In the event that the Company creates or acquires any new Subsidiaries subsequent to the date of this Indenture, if required by Section 4.18 hereof, the Company shall cause such Subsidiaries to execute supplemental indentures to this Indenture and Note Guarantees in accordance with Section 4.18 hereof and this Article 10, to the extent applicable. Section 10.04. Guarantors May Consolidate, etc., on Certain Terms. Except as otherwise provided in Section 10.05, no Guarantor may consolidate with or merge with or into (whether or not such Guarantor is the surviving Person) another Person whether or not affiliated with such Guarantor unless: (a) subject to Section 10.05 hereof, the Person formed by or surviving any such consolidation or merger (if other than a Guarantor or the Company) unconditionally assumes all the obligations of such Guarantor, pursuant to a supplemental indenture in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee, under the Notes, the Indenture and the Note Guarantee on the terms set forth herein or therein; and (b) immediately after giving effect to such transaction, no Default or Event of Default exists. In case of any such consolidation, merger, sale or conveyance and upon the assumption by the successor Person, by supplemental indenture, executed and delivered to the Trustee and satisfactory in form to the Trustee, of the Note Guarantee endorsed upon the Notes and the due and punctual 76

performance of all of the covenants and conditions of this Indenture to be performed by the Guarantor, such successor Person shall succeed to and be substituted for the Guarantor with the same effect as if it had been named herein as a Guarantor. Such successor Person thereupon may cause to be signed any or all of the Note Guarantees to be endorsed upon all of the Notes issuable hereunder which theretofore shall not have been signed by the Company and delivered to the Trustee. All the Note Guarantees so issued shall in all respects have the same legal rank and benefit under this Indenture as the Note Guarantees theretofore and thereafter issued in accordance with the terms of this Indenture as though all of such Note Guarantees had been issued at the date of the execution hereof. Except as set forth in Articles 4 and 5 hereof, and notwithstanding clauses (a) and (b) above, nothing contained in this Indenture or in any of the Notes shall prevent any consolidation or merger of a Guarantor with or into the Company or another Guarantor, or shall prevent any sale or conveyance of the property of a Guarantor as an entirety or substantially as an entirety to the Company or another Guarantor. Section 10.05. Releases Following Sale of Assets. In the event of a sale or other disposition of all of the assets of any Guarantor, by way of merger, consolidation or otherwise, or a sale or other disposition of all to the capital stock of any Guarantor, in each case to a Person that is not (either before or after giving effect to such transactions) a Subsidiary of the Company, then such Guarantor (in the event of a sale or other disposition, by way of merger, consolidation or otherwise, of all of the capital stock of such Guarantor) or the corporation acquiring the property (in the event of a sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of such Guarantor) will be released and relieved of any obligations under its Note Guarantee; provided that the Net Proceeds of such sale or other disposition are applied in accordance with the applicable provisions of this Indenture, including without limitation Section 4.10 hereof. Upon delivery by the Company to the Trustee of an Officers' Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that such sale or other disposition was made by the Company in accordance with the provisions of this Indenture, including without limitation Section 4.10 hereof, the Trustee shall execute any documents reasonably required in order to evidence the release of any Guarantor from its obligations under its Note Guarantee. Any Guarantor not released from its obligations under its Note Guarantee shall remain liable for the full amount of principal of and interest on the Notes and for the other obligations of any Guarantor under this Indenture as provided in this Article 10. ARTICLE 11 MISCELLANEOUS Section 11.01. Trust Indenture Act Controls. If any provision of this Indenture limits, qualifies or conflicts with the duties imposed by TIA (S)318(c), the imposed duties shall control. Section 11.02. Notices. Any notice or communication by the Company or the Trustee to the others is duly given if in writing and delivered in Person or mailed by first class mail (registered or certified, return receipt 77

requested), telex, telecopier or overnight air courier guaranteeing next day delivery, to the others' address: If to the Company: Crown Castle International Corp. 510 Bering Drive, Suite 500 Houston, Texas 77057 Telecopier No.: (713) 570-3150 Attention: Chief Financial Officer With a copy to: Cravath, Swaine & Moore 825 Eighth Avenue New York, New York 10019 Telecopier No.: (212) 474-3700 Attention: Stephen L. Burns, Esq. If to the Trustee: Unites States Trust Company of New York 114 West 47th Street, 25th Floor New York, New York 10036 Telecopier No.: (212) 852-1626 Attention: Gerard F. Ganey Corporate Trust Division The Company or the Trustee, by notice to the others, may designate additional or different addresses for subsequent notices or communications. All notices and communications (other than those sent to Holders) shall be deemed to have been duly given: at the time delivered by hand, if personally delivered; five Business Days after being deposited in the mail, postage prepaid, if mailed; when answered back, if telexed; when receipt acknowledged, if telecopied; and the next Business Day after timely delivery to the courier, if sent by overnight air courier guaranteeing next day delivery. Any notice or communication to a Holder shall be mailed by first class mail, certified or registered, return receipt requested, or by overnight air courier guaranteeing next day delivery to its address shown on the register kept by the Registrar. Any notice or communication shall also be so mailed to any Person described in TIA (S) 313(c), to the extent required by the TIA. Failure to mail a notice or communication to a Holder or any defect in it shall not affect its sufficiency with respect to other Holders. If a notice or communication is mailed in the manner provided above within the time prescribed, it is duly given, whether or not the addressee receives it. 78

If the Company mails a notice or communication to Holders, it shall mail a copy to the Trustee and each Agent at the same time. Section 11.03. Communication by Holders of Notes with Other Holders of Notes. Holders may communicate pursuant to TIA (S) 312(b) with other Holders with respect to their rights under this Indenture or the Notes. The Company, the Trustee, the Registrar and anyone else shall have the protection of TIA (S) 312(c). Section 11.04. Certificate and Opinion as to Conditions Precedent. Upon any request or application by the Company to the Trustee to take any action under this Indenture, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee: (a) an Officers' Certificate in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee (which shall include the statements set forth in Section 11.05 hereof) stating that, in the opinion of the signers, all conditions precedent and covenants, if any, provided for in this Indenture relating to the proposed action have been satisfied; and (b) an Opinion of Counsel in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee (which shall include the statements set forth in Section 11.05 hereof) stating that, in the opinion of such counsel, all such conditions precedent and covenants have been satisfied. Section 11.05. Statements Required in Certificate or Opinion. Each certificate or opinion with respect to compliance with a condition or covenant provided for in this Indenture (other than a certificate provided pursuant to TIA (S) 314(a)(4)) shall comply with the provisions of TIA (S) 314(e) and shall include: (a) a statement that the Person making such certificate or opinion has read such covenant or condition; (b) a brief statement as to the nature and scope of the examination or investigation upon which the statements or opinions contained in such certificate or opinion are based; (c) a statement that, in the opinion of such Person, he or she has made such examination or investigation as is necessary to enable him to express an informed opinion as to whether or not such covenant or condition has been satisfied; and (d) a statement as to whether or not, in the opinion of such Person, such condition or covenant has been satisfied. Section 11.06. Rules by Trustee and Agents. The Trustee may make reasonable rules for action by or at a meeting of Holders. The Registrar or Paying Agent may make reasonable rules and set reasonable requirements for its functions; provided that no such rule shall conflict with the terms of this Indenture or the TIA. 79

Section 11.07. No Personal Liability of Directors, Officers, Employees and Stockholders. No past, present or future director, officer, employee, incorporator or stockholder of the Company, as such, shall have any liability for any obligations of the Company under the Notes, this Indenture or for any claim based on, in respect of, or by reason of, such obligations or their creation. Each Holder by accepting a Note waives and releases all such liability. The waiver and release are part of the consideration for issuance of the Notes. Section 11.08. Governing Law. THE INTERNAL LAW OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK SHALL GOVERN AND BE USED TO CONSTRUE THIS INDENTURE, THE NOTES WITHOUT GIVING EFFECT TO APPLICABLE PRINCIPLES OF CONFLICTS OF LAW TO THE EXTENT THAT THE APPLICATION OF THE LAWS OF ANOTHER JURISDICTION WOULD BE REQUIRED THEREBY. Section 11.09. No Adverse Interpretation of Other Agreements. This Indenture may not be used to interpret any other indenture, loan or debt agreement of the Company or its Subsidiaries or of any other Person. Any such indenture, loan or debt agreement may not be used to interpret this Indenture. Section 11.10. Successors. All agreements of the Company in this Indenture and the Notes shall bind its successors. All agreements of the Trustee in this Indenture shall bind its successors. Section 11.11. Severability. In case any provision in this Indenture or in the Notes shall be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby. Section 11.12. Counterpart Originals. The parties may sign any number of copies of this Indenture. Each signed copy shall be an original, but all of them together represent the same agreement. Section 11.13. Table of Contents, Headings, etc. The Table of Contents, Cross-Reference Table and Headings of the Articles and Sections of this Indenture have been inserted for convenience of reference only, are not to be considered a part of this Indenture and shall in no way modify or restrict any of the terms or provisions hereof. [Signatures on following page] 80

SIGNATURES Dated as of August 3, 1999 Crown Castle International Corp. By:_________________________________ Name: Title: Attest: _____________________________ Name: Title: United States Trust Company of New York By:_____________________________________ Name: Title: Attest: ______________________________ Authorized Signatory Date:

EXHIBIT A [Face of Note] - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CUSIP/CINS ____________ 9 1/2% Senior Notes due 2011 No. ___ $____________ CROWN CASTLE INTERNATIONAL CORP. promises to pay to CEDE & CO. or registered assigns, the principal sum of_______________________________________DOLLARS on August 1, 2011. Interest Payment Dates: February 1 and August 1 Record Dates: January 15 and July 15 Dated: August 3, 1999 CROWN CASTLE INTERNATIONAL CORP. By:__________________________________________ Name: Title: By:__________________________________________ Name: Title: This is one of the Notes referred to in the within-mentioned Indenture: United States Trust Company of New York, as Trustee By: __________________________________ Authorized Signatory ________________________________________________________________________________

[Back of Note] 9 1/2% Senior Notes due 2011 [Insert the Global Note Legend, if applicable pursuant to the provisions of the Indenture] [Insert the Private Placement Legend, if applicable pursuant to the provisions of the Indenture] Capitalized terms used herein shall have the meanings assigned to them in the Indenture referred to below unless otherwise indicated. 1. Interest. Crown Castle International Corp., a Delaware corporation (the "Company"), promises to pay interest on the principal amount of this Note at 9 1/2% per annum from August 3, 1999 until maturity. The Company will pay interest semi-annually in arrears on February 1 and August 1 of each year, or if any such day is not a Business Day, on the next succeeding Business Day (each an "Interest Payment Date"). Interest on the Notes will accrue from the most recent date to which interest has been paid or, if no interest has been paid, from the date of issuance; provided that if there is no existing Default in the payment of interest, and if this Note is authenticated between a record date referred to on the face hereof and the next succeeding Interest Payment Date, interest shall accrue from such next succeeding Interest Payment Date; provided, further, that the first Interest Payment Date shall be February 1, 2000. The Company shall pay interest (including post-petition interest in any proceeding under any Bankruptcy Law) on overdue principal and premium and Special Interest, if any, from time to time on demand at a rate that is 1% per annum in excess of the rate then in effect; it shall pay interest (including post-petition interest in any proceeding under any Bankruptcy Law) on overdue installments of interest (without regard to any applicable grace periods) from time to time on demand at the same rate to the extent lawful. Interest will be computed on the basis of a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months. 2. Special Interest. The Holder of this Note is entitled to the benefits of the Registration Rights Agreement relating to the Notes, dated as of August 3, 1999, between the Company and the Initial Purchasers party thereto (the "Registration Rights Agreement"). In the event that either (a) the Company fails to file the Exchange Registration Statement or the Shelf Registration Statement (as such terms are defined in the Registration Rights Agreement) on or before the date specified for such filing in the Registration Rights Agreement, (b) the Exchange Registration Statement is not declared effective within 150 days after the closing of the sale of the Notes or the Shelf Registration Statement is not declared effective within 90 days from the date such Shelf Registration Statement is filed, (c) the Company fails to complete the Exchange Offer within the specified time frame, or (d) the Exchange Registration Statement or the Shelf Registration Statement is filed and declared effective but is thereafter either withdrawn or becomes subject to an effective stop order suspending the effectiveness (except as specifically permitted in the Registration Rights Agreement) without being succeeded immediately by an additional registration statement which becomes effective (each such event referred to in clauses (a) through (d) above, a "Registration Default"), then the Company will pay Special Interest pursuant to provisions of the Registration Rights Agreement and the Notes to each holder of the Notes. Special interest will accrue at a rate per annum equal to $.05 per week per $1,000 principal amount of the Notes for the first 90 days immediately following the occurrence of the Registration Default, increasing by an additional $.05 per week per $1,000 principal amount of the Notes with respect to each subsequent 90-day period until all Registration Defaults have been cured, up to a maximum amount of Special Interest for all Registration Defaults of $.50 per week per $1,000 principal amount of Notes. In each case such additional interest will be payable in cash semiannually in arrears on each February 1 and August 1, commencing February 1, 2000, to Holders of record on the immediately preceding January 15 and July 15, respectively. A-1

3. Method of Payment. The Company will pay interest on the Notes (except defaulted interest) to the Persons who are registered Holders of Notes at the close of business on the May 1 or November 1 next preceding the Interest Payment Date, even if such Notes are canceled after such record date and on or before such Interest Payment Date, except as provided in Section 2.12 of the Indenture with respect to defaulted interest. The Notes will be payable as to principal, premium and Special Interest, if any, and interest at the office or agency of the Company maintained for such purpose within or without the City and State of New York, or, at the option of the Company, payment of interest may be made by check mailed to the Holders at their addresses set forth in the register of Holders, and provided that payment by wire transfer of immediately available funds will be required with respect to principal of and interest, premium on, all Global Notes and all other Notes the Holders of which shall have provided wire transfer instructions to the Company or the Paying Agent. Such payment shall be in such coin or currency of the United States of America as at the time of payment is legal tender for payment of public and private debts. 4. Paying Agent and Registrar. Initially, United States Trust Company of New York, the Trustee under the Indenture, will act as Paying Agent and Registrar. The Company may change any Paying Agent or Registrar without notice to any Holder. The Company or any of its Subsidiaries may act in any such capacity. 5. Indenture. The Company issued the Notes under an Indenture dated as of August 3, 1999 ("Indenture") between the Company and the Trustee. The terms of the Notes include those stated in the Indenture and those made part of the Indenture by reference to the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended (15 U.S. Code (S)(S) 77aaa-77bbbb) (the "Trust Indenture Act"). The Notes are subject to all such terms, and Holders are referred to the Indenture and such Act for a statement of such terms. To the extent any provision of this Note conflicts with the express provisions of the Indenture, the provisions of the Indenture shall govern and be controlling. The Notes are obligations of the Company limited to $200.0 million in aggregate principal amount. 6. Optional Redemption. (a) Except as provided in clause (b) of this Paragraph 5, the Notes will not be redeemable at the Company's option prior to August 1, 2004. On or after August 1, 2004, the Company may redeem all or a part of the Notes upon not less than 30 nor more than 60 days' notice, at the redemption prices (expressed as percentages of principal amount) set forth below plus accrued and unpaid interest and Special Interest if any, on the Notes redeemed to the applicable redemption date (subject to the right of Holders of record on the relevant record date to receive interest due on the relevant interest payment date), if redeemed during the twelve-month period beginning on August 1 of the years indicated below: Year Percentage - ---- ---------- 2004............................................... 104.750% 2005............................................... 103.167% 2006............................................... 101.583% 2007 and thereafter................................ 100.000% (b) Notwithstanding the provisions of clause (a) of this Paragraph 5, at any time during the first 36 months after the date of the original issuance of the Notes, the Company may on any one or more occasions redeem up to 35% of the aggregate principal amount of the Notes originally issued at a redemption price equal to 109.50% of the aggregate principal amount of the Notes to be redeemed on the A-2

redemption date with the net cash proceeds of one or more Public Equity Offerings and/or Strategic Equity Investments provided that: (1) at least 65% of the aggregate principal amount of the Notes originally issued remains outstanding immediately after the occurrence of such redemption (excluding Notes held by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries); and (2) the redemption occurs within 60 days of the date of the closing of such Public Equity Offering or Strategic Equity Investment. 7. Mandatory Redemption. Except as set forth in paragraph 7 below, the Company shall not be required to make mandatory redemption payments with respect to the Notes. 8. Repurchase at Option of Holder. (a) If there is a Change of Control, the Company shall be required to make an offer (a "Change of Control Offer") to repurchase all or any part (equal to $1,000 or an integral multiple thereof) of each Holder's Notes at a purchase price equal to 101% of the aggregate principal amount thereof plus accrued and unpaid interest and Special Interest thereon, if any, to the date of purchase (the "Change of Control Payment"). Within 30 days following any Change of Control, the Company shall mail a notice to each Holder setting forth the procedures governing the Change of Control Offer as required by the Indenture. (b) If the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary consummates any Asset Sales when the aggregate amount of Excess Proceeds exceeds $10 million, the Company shall commence an offer to all Holders of Notes (as "Asset Sale Offer") pursuant to Section 3.09 of the Indenture to purchase the maximum principal amount of Notes that may be purchased out of the Excess Proceeds at an offer price in cash in an amount equal to 100% of the principal amount thereof, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon and Special Interest, if any, to the date fixed for the closing of such offer, in accordance with the procedures set forth in the Indenture. To the extent that the aggregate amount of Notes tendered pursuant to an Asset Sale Offer is less than the Excess Proceeds, the Company (or such Restricted Subsidiary) may use such deficiency for any purpose not otherwise prohibited by the Indenture. If the aggregate principal amount of Notes surrendered by Holders thereof exceeds the amount of Excess Proceeds, the Trustee shall select the Notes to be purchased on a pro rata basis. Holders of Notes that are the subject of an offer to purchase will receive an Asset Sale Offer from the Company prior to any related purchase date and may elect to have such Notes purchased by completing the form entitled "Option of Holder to Elect Purchase" on the reverse of the Notes. 9. Notice of Redemption. Notice of redemption will be mailed at least 30 days but not more than 60 days before the redemption date to each Holder whose Notes are to be redeemed at its registered address. Notes in denominations larger than $1,000 may be redeemed in part but only in whole multiples of $1,000, unless all of the Notes held by a Holder are to be redeemed. On and after the redemption date interest ceases to accrue on Notes or portions thereof called for redemption. 10. Denominations, Transfer, Exchange. The Notes are in registered form without coupons in denominations of $1,000 and integral multiples of $1,000. The transfer of Notes may be registered and Notes may be exchanged as provided in the Indenture. The Registrar and the Trustee may require a Holder, among other things, to furnish appropriate endorsements and transfer documents and A-3

the Company may require a Holder to pay any taxes and fees required by law or permitted by the Indenture. The Company need not exchange or register the transfer of any Note or portion of a Note selected for redemption, except for the unredeemed portion of any Note being redeemed in part. Also, the Company need not exchange or register the transfer of any Notes for a period of 15 days before a selection of Notes to be redeemed or during the period between a record date and the corresponding Interest Payment Date. 11. Persons Deemed Owners. The registered Holder of a Note may be treated as its owner for all purposes. 12. Amendment, Supplement and Waiver. Subject to certain exceptions, the Indenture or the Notes may be amended or supplemented with the consent of the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the then outstanding Notes, and any existing default or compliance with any provision of the Indenture or the Notes may be waived with the consent of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the then outstanding Notes. Without the consent of any Holder of Notes, the Indenture or the Notes may be amended or supplemented to cure any ambiguity, defect or inconsistency, to provide for uncertificated Notes in addition to or in place of certificated Notes, to provide for the assumption of the Company's obligations to Holders of the Notes in case of a merger or consolidation, to make any change that would provide any additional rights or benefits to the Holders of the Notes or that does not adversely affect the legal rights under the Indenture of any such Holder, or to comply with the requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission in order to effect or maintain the qualification of the Indenture under the Trust Indenture Act. 13. Defaults and Remedies. Events of Default include: (i) default for 30 days in the payment when due of interest on the Notes; (ii) default in payment when due of principal of or premium, and Special Interest, if any, on the Notes, (iii) failure by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries to comply with Section 3.09, 4.10, 4.15 or 5.01 of the Indenture; (iv) failure by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries for 30 days after notice to the Company by the Trustee or the Holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the Notes then outstanding to comply with certain other agreements in the Indenture or the Notes; (v) default under certain other agreements relating to Indebtedness of the Company which default results in the acceleration of such Indebtedness prior to its express maturity; (vi) certain final judgments for the payment of money that remain undischarged for a period of 60 days; and (vii) certain events of bankruptcy or insolvency with respect to the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries. If any Event of Default occurs and is continuing, the Trustee or the Holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the then outstanding Notes may declare all the Notes to be due and payable. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the case of an Event of Default arising from certain events of bankruptcy or insolvency, all outstanding Notes will become due and payable without further action or notice. Holders may not enforce the Indenture or the Notes except as provided in the Indenture. Subject to certain limitations, Holders of a majority in principal amount of the then outstanding Notes may direct the Trustee in its exercise of any trust or power. The Trustee may withhold from Holders of the Notes notice of any continuing Default or Event of Default (except a Default or Event of Default relating to the payment of principal or interest) if it determines that withholding notice is in their interest. The Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Notes then outstanding by notice to the Trustee may on behalf of the Holders of all of the Notes waive any existing Default or Event of Default and its consequences under the Indenture except a continuing Default or Event of Default in the payment of interest on, or the principal of, the Notes. The Company is required to deliver to the Trustee annually a statement regarding compliance with the Indenture, and the Company is required upon becoming aware of any Default or Event of Default, to deliver to the Trustee a statement specifying such Default or Event of Default. A-4

14. Trustee Dealings with Company. The Trustee, in its individual or any other capacity, may make loans to, accept deposits from, and perform services for the Company or its Affiliates, and may otherwise deal with the Company or its Affiliates, as if it were not the Trustee. 15. No Recourse Against Others. A director, officer, employee, incorporator or stockholder, of the Company, as such, shall not have any liability for any obligations of the Company under the Notes or the Indenture or for any claim based on, in respect of, or by reason of, such obligations or their creation. Each Holder by accepting a Note waives and releases all such liability. The waiver and release are part of the consideration for the issuance of the Notes. 16. Authentication. This Note shall not be valid until authenticated by the manual signature of the Trustee or an authenticating agent. 17. Abbreviations. Customary abbreviations may be used in the name of a Holder or an assignee, such as: TEN COM (= tenants in common), TEN ENT (= tenants by the entireties), JT TEN (= joint tenants with right of survivorship and not as tenants in common), CUST (= Custodian), and U/G/M/A (= Uniform Gifts to Minors Act). 18. CUSIP Numbers. Pursuant to a recommendation promulgated by the Committee on Uniform Security Identification Procedures, the Company has caused CUSIP numbers to be printed on the Notes and the Trustee may use CUSIP numbers in notices of redemption as a convenience to Holders. No representation is made as to the accuracy of such numbers either as printed on the Notes or as contained in any notice of redemption and reliance may be placed only on the other identification numbers placed thereon. The Company will furnish to any Holder upon written request and without charge a copy of the Indenture. Requests may be made to: Crown Castle International Corp., 510 Bering Drive, Suite 500, Houston, Texas 77057, Attention: Chief Financial Officer. A-5

Assignment Form To assign this Note, fill in the form below: (I) or (we) assign and transfer this Note to:_________________________________ (Insert assignee's legal name) - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (Insert assignee's soc. sec. or tax I.D. no.) - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (Print or type assignee's name, address and zip code) and irrevocably appoint_________________________________________________________ to transfer this Note on the books of the Company. The agent may substitute another to act for him. Date:_______________ Your Signature:___________________________________ (Sign exactly as your name appears on the face of this Note) Signature Guarantee*:_____________________________ * Participant in a recognized Signature Guarantee Medallion Program (or other signature guarantor acceptable to the Trustee). A-6

Option of Holder to Elect Purchase If you want to elect to have this Note purchased by the Company pursuant to Section 4.10 or 4.15 of the Indenture, check the appropriate box below: [_] ERROR! SWITCH ARGUMENT NOT SPECIFIED. Section 4.10 [_] ERROR! SWITCH ARGUMENT NOT SPECIFIED. Section 4.15 If you want to elect to have only part of the Note purchased by the Company pursuant to Section 4.10 or Section 4.15 of the Indenture, state the amount you elect to have purchased: $________________ Date:________________ Your Signature:___________________________________ (Sign exactly as your name appears on the face of this Note) Tax Identification No.:__________________________ Signature Guarantee*:____________________ * Participant in a recognized Signature Guarantee Medallion Program (or other signature guarantor acceptable to the Trustee). A-7

SCHEDULE OF EXCHANGES OF INTERESTS IN THE GLOBAL NOTE* The following exchanges of a part of this Global Note for an interest in another Global Note or for a Definitive Note, or exchanges of a part of another Global Note or Definitive Note for an interest in this Global Note, have been made: Principal Amount of Signature of Amount of decrease in Amount of increase in this Global Note authorized officer of Principal Amount of Principal Amount of following such decrease Trustee or Note Date of Exchange this Global Note this Global Note (or increase) Custodian - ------------------- -------------------- -------------------- ---------------------- ------------------- * This schedule should be included only if the Note is issued in global form. - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- A-8

EXHIBIT B FORM OF CERTIFICATE OF TRANSFER Crown Castle International Corp. 510 Berring Drive, Suite 500 Houston, Texas 77057 [Registrar address block] Re: 9 1/2% Senior Notes due 2011 ---------------------------- Reference is hereby made to the Indenture, dated as of August 3, 1999 (the "Indenture"), between Crown Castle International Corp., as issuer (the "Company"), and United States Trust Company of New York, as Trustee. Capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings given to them in the Indenture. ___________________, (the "Transferor") owns and proposes to transfer the Note[s] or interest in such Note[s] specified in Annex A hereto, in the principal amount of $___________ in such Note[s] or interests (the "Transfer"), to ___________________________ (the "Transferee"), as further specified in Annex A hereto. In connection with the Transfer, the Transferor hereby certifies that: [CHECK ALL THAT APPLY] 1. [_] CHECK IF TRANSFEREE WILL TAKE DELIVERY OF A BENEFICIAL INTEREST IN THE 144A GLOBAL NOTE OR A DEFINITIVE NOTE PURSUANT TO RULE 144A. The Transfer is being effected pursuant to and in accordance with Rule 144A under the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), and, accordingly, the Transferor hereby further certifies that the beneficial interest or Definitive Note is being transferred to a Person that the Transferor reasonably believed and believes is purchasing the beneficial interest or Definitive Note for its own account, or for one or more accounts with respect to which such Person exercises sole investment discretion, and such Person and each such account is a "qualified institutional buyer" within the meaning of Rule 144A in a transaction meeting the requirements of Rule 144A and such Transfer is in compliance with any applicable blue sky securities laws of any state of the United States. Upon consummation of the proposed Transfer in accordance with the terms of the Indenture, the transferred beneficial interest or Definitive Note will be subject to the restrictions on transfer enumerated in the Private Placement Legend printed on the 144A Global Note and/or the Definitive Note and in the Indenture and the Securities Act. 2. [_] CHECK IF TRANSFEREE WILL TAKE DELIVERY OF A BENEFICIAL INTEREST IN THE REGULATION S GLOBAL NOTE OR A DEFINITIVE NOTE PURSUANT TO REGULATION S. The Transfer is being effected pursuant to and in accordance with Rule 903 or Rule 904 under the Securities Act and, accordingly, the Transferor hereby further certifies that (i) the Transfer is not being made to a person in the United States and (x) at the time the buy order was originated, the Transferee was outside the United States or such Transferor and any Person acting on its behalf reasonably believed and believes that the Transferee was outside the United States or (y) the transaction was executed in, on or through the facilities of a designated offshore securities market and neither such Transferor nor any Person acting on its behalf knows that the transaction was prearranged with a buyer in the United States, (ii) no directed selling efforts have been made in contravention of the requirements of Rule 903(b) or Rule 904(b) of Regulation S under the Securities Act [and/,] (iii) the transaction is not part of a plan or scheme to evade the registration B-1

requirements of the Securities Act and (iv) if the proposed transfer is being made prior to the expiration of the Restricted Period, the transfer is not being made to a U.S. Person or for the account or benefit of a U.S. Person (other than an Initial Purchaser). Upon consummation of the proposed transfer in accordance with the terms of the Indenture, the transferred beneficial interest or Definitive Note will be subject to the restrictions on Transfer enumerated in the Private Placement Legend printed on the Regulation S Global Note, the Temporary Regulation S Global Note and/or the Definitive Note and in the Indenture and the Securities Act. 3. [_] CHECK AND COMPLETE IF TRANSFEREE WILL TAKE DELIVERY OF A BENEFICIAL INTEREST IN THE IAI GLOBAL NOTE OR A DEFINITIVE NOTE PURSUANT TO ANY PROVISION OF THE SECURITIES ACT OTHER THAN RULE 144A OR REGULATION S. The Transfer is being effected in compliance with the transfer restrictions applicable to beneficial interests in Restricted Global Notes and Restricted Definitive Notes and pursuant to and in accordance with the Securities Act and any applicable blue sky securities laws of any state of the United States, and accordingly the Transferor hereby further certifies that (check one): (a) [_] such Transfer is being effected pursuant to and in accordance with Rule 144 under the Securities Act; or (b) [_] such Transfer is being effected to the Company or a subsidiary thereof; or (c) [_] such Transfer is being effected pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act and in compliance with the prospectus delivery requirements of the Securities Act; or (d) [_] such Transfer is being effected to an Institutional Accredited Investor and pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act other than Rule 144A, Rule 144 or Rule 904, and the Transferor hereby further certifies that it has not engaged in any general solicitation within the meaning of Regulation D under the Securities Act and the Transfer complies with the transfer restrictions applicable to beneficial interests in a Restricted Global Note or Restricted Definitive Notes and the requirements of the exemption claimed, which certification is supported by (1) a certificate executed by the Transferee in the form of Exhibit D to the Indenture and (2) an Opinion of Counsel provided by the Transferor or the Transferee (a copy of which the Transferor has attached to this certification), to the effect that such Transfer is in compliance with the Securities Act. Upon consummation of the proposed transfer in accordance with the terms of the Indenture, the transferred beneficial interest or Definitive Note will be subject to the restrictions on transfer enumerated in the Private Placement Legend printed on the IAI Global Note and/or the Definitive Notes and in the Indenture and the Securities Act. B-2

4. [_] CHECK IF TRANSFEREE WILL TAKE DELIVERY OF A BENEFICIAL INTEREST IN AN UNRESTRICTED GLOBAL NOTE OR OF AN UNRESTRICTED DEFINITIVE NOTE. (a) [_] CHECK IF TRANSFER IS PURSUANT TO RULE 144. (i) The Transfer is being effected pursuant to and in accordance with Rule 144 under the Securities Act and in compliance with the transfer restrictions contained in the Indenture and any applicable blue sky securities laws of any state of the United States and (ii) the restrictions on transfer contained in the Indenture and the Private Placement Legend are not required in order to maintain compliance with the Securities Act. Upon consummation of the proposed Transfer in accordance with the terms of the Indenture, the transferred beneficial interest or Definitive Note will no longer be subject to the restrictions on transfer enumerated in the Private Placement Legend printed on the Restricted Global Notes, on Restricted Definitive Notes and in the Indenture. (b) [_] CHECK IF TRANSFER IS PURSUANT TO REGULATION S. (i) The Transfer is being effected pursuant to and in accordance with Rule 903 or Rule 904 under the Securities Act and in compliance with the transfer restrictions contained in the Indenture and any applicable blue sky securities laws of any state of the United States and (ii) the restrictions on transfer contained in the Indenture and the Private Placement Legend are not required in order to maintain compliance with the Securities Act. Upon consummation of the proposed Transfer in accordance with the terms of the Indenture, the transferred beneficial interest or Definitive Note will no longer be subject to the restrictions on transfer enumerated in the Private Placement Legend printed on the Restricted Global Notes, on Restricted Definitive Notes and in the Indenture. (c) [_] CHECK IF TRANSFER IS PURSUANT TO OTHER EXEMPTION. (i) The Transfer is being effected pursuant to and in compliance with an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act other than Rule 144, Rule 903 or Rule 904 and in compliance with the transfer restrictions contained in the Indenture and any applicable blue sky securities laws of any State of the United States and (ii) the restrictions on transfer contained in the Indenture and the Private Placement Legend are not required in order to maintain compliance with the Securities Act. Upon consummation of the proposed Transfer in accordance with the terms of the Indenture, the transferred beneficial interest or Definitive Note will not be subject to the restrictions on transfer enumerated in the Private Placement Legend printed on the Restricted Global Notes or Restricted Definitive Notes and in the Indenture. This certificate and the statements contained herein are made for your benefit and the benefit of the Company. ---------------------------------------- [Insert Name of Transferor] By:________________________________ Name: Title: Dated:________________ B-3

ANNEX A TO CERTIFICATE OF TRANSFER 1. The Transferor owns and proposes to transfer the following: [CHECK ONE OF (a) OR (b)] (a) [_] a beneficial interest in the: (i) [_] 144A Global Note (CUSIP _____________________ ), or (ii) [_] Regulation S Global Note (CUSIP______________ ), or (iii) [_] IAI Global Note (CUSIP_______________________ ); or (b) [_] a Restricted Definitive Note. 2. After the Transfer the Transferee will hold: [CHECK ONE] (a) [_] a beneficial interest in the: (i) [_] 144A Global Note (CUSIP______________________ ), or (ii) [_] Regulation S Global Note (CUSIP______________ ), or (iii) [_] IAI Global Note (CUSIP_______________________ ); or (iv) [_] Unrestricted Global Note (CUSIP______________ ); or (b) [_] a Restricted Definitive Note; or (c) [_] an Unrestricted Definitive Note, in accordance with the terms of the Indenture. B-4

EXHIBIT C FORM OF CERTIFICATE OF EXCHANGE Crown Castle International Corp. 510 Bering Drive, Suite 500 Houston, Texas 77057 [Registrar address block] Re: 9 1/2% Senior Notes due 2011 ---------------------------- (CUSIP ____________) Reference is hereby made to the Indenture, dated as of August 3, 1999 (the "Indenture"), between Crown Castle International Corp., as issuer (the "Company"), and United States Trust Company of New York, as trustee. Capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings given to them in the Indenture. __________________________, (the "Owner") owns and proposes to exchange the Note[s] or interest in such Note[s] specified herein, in the principal amount of $____________ in such Note[s] or interests (the "Exchange"). In connection with the Exchange, the Owner hereby certifies that: 1. EXCHANGE OF RESTRICTED DEFINITIVE NOTES OR BENEFICIAL INTERESTS IN A RESTRICTED GLOBAL NOTE FOR UNRESTRICTED DEFINITIVE NOTES OR BENEFICIAL INTERESTS IN AN UNRESTRICTED GLOBAL NOTE (a) [_] CHECK IF EXCHANGE IS FROM BENEFICIAL INTEREST IN A RESTRICTED GLOBAL NOTE TO BENEFICIAL INTEREST IN AN UNRESTRICTED GLOBAL NOTE. In connection with the Exchange of the Owner's beneficial interest in a Restricted Global Note for a beneficial interest in an Unrestricted Global Note in an equal principal amount, the Owner hereby certifies (i) the beneficial interest is being acquired for the Owner's own account without transfer, (ii) such Exchange has been effected in compliance with the transfer restrictions applicable to the Global Notes and pursuant to and in accordance with the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), (iii) the restrictions on transfer contained in the Indenture and the Private Placement Legend are not required in order to maintain compliance with the Securities Act and (iv) the beneficial interest in an Unrestricted Global Note is being acquired in compliance with any applicable blue sky securities laws of any state of the United States. (b) [_] CHECK IF EXCHANGE IS FROM BENEFICIAL INTEREST IN A RESTRICTED GLOBAL NOTE TO UNRESTRICTED DEFINITIVE NOTE. In connection with the Exchange of the Owner's beneficial interest in a Restricted Global Note for an Unrestricted Definitive Note, the Owner hereby certifies (i) the Definitive Note is being acquired for the Owner's own account without transfer, (ii) such Exchange has been effected in compliance with the transfer restrictions applicable to the Restricted Global Notes and pursuant to and in accordance with the Securities Act, (iii) the restrictions on transfer contained in the Indenture and the Private Placement Legend are not required in order to maintain compliance with the Securities Act and (iv) the Definitive Note is being acquired in compliance with any applicable blue sky securities laws of any state of the United States. C-1

(c) [_] CHECK IF EXCHANGE IS FROM RESTRICTED DEFINITIVE NOTE TO BENEFICIAL INTEREST IN AN UNRESTRICTED GLOBAL NOTE. In connection with the Owner's Exchange of a Restricted Definitive Note for a beneficial interest in an Unrestricted Global Note, the Owner hereby certifies (i) the beneficial interest is being acquired for the Owner's own account without transfer, (ii) such Exchange has been effected in compliance with the transfer restrictions applicable to Restricted Definitive Notes and pursuant to and in accordance with the Securities Act, (iii) the restrictions on transfer contained in the Indenture and the Private Placement Legend are not required in order to maintain compliance with the Securities Act and (iv) the beneficial interest is being acquired in compliance with any applicable blue sky securities laws of any state of the United States. (d) [_] CHECK IF EXCHANGE IS FROM RESTRICTED DEFINITIVE NOTE TO UNRESTRICTED DEFINITIVE NOTE. In connection with the Owner's Exchange of a Restricted Definitive Note for an Unrestricted Definitive Note, the Owner hereby certifies (i) the Unrestricted Definitive Note is being acquired for the Owner's own account without transfer, (ii) such Exchange has been effected in compliance with the transfer restrictions applicable to Restricted Definitive Notes and pursuant to and in accordance with the Securities Act, (iii) the restrictions on transfer contained in the Indenture and the Private Placement Legend are not required in order to maintain compliance with the Securities Act and (iv) the Unrestricted Definitive Note is being acquired in compliance with any applicable blue sky securities laws of any state of the United States. 2. EXCHANGE OF RESTRICTED DEFINITIVE NOTES OR BENEFICIAL INTERESTS IN RESTRICTED GLOBAL NOTES FOR RESTRICTED DEFINITIVE NOTES OR BENEFICIAL INTERESTS IN RESTRICTED GLOBAL NOTES (a) [_] CHECK IF EXCHANGE IS FROM BENEFICIAL INTEREST IN A RESTRICTED GLOBAL NOTE TO RESTRICTED DEFINITIVE NOTE. In connection with the Exchange of the Owner's beneficial interest in a Restricted Global Note for a Restricted Definitive Note with an equal principal amount, the Owner hereby certifies that the Restricted Definitive Note is being acquired for the Owner's own account without transfer. Upon consummation of the proposed Exchange in accordance with the terms of the Indenture, the Restricted Definitive Note issued will continue to be subject to the restrictions on transfer enumerated in the Private Placement Legend printed on the Restricted Definitive Note and in the Indenture and the Securities Act. (b) CHECK IF EXCHANGE IS FROM RESTRICTED DEFINITIVE NOTE TO BENEFICIAL INTEREST IN A RESTRICTED GLOBAL NOTE. In connection with the Exchange of the Owner's Restricted Definitive Note for a beneficial interest in the [CHECK ONE] [_] 144A Global Note, [_] Regulation S Global Note, [_] IAI Global Note with an equal principal amount, the Owner hereby certifies (i) the beneficial interest is being acquired for the Owner's own account without transfer and (ii) such Exchange has been effected in compliance with the transfer restrictions applicable to the Restricted Global Notes and pursuant to and in accordance with the Securities Act, and in compliance with any applicable blue sky securities laws of any state of the United States. Upon consummation of the proposed Exchange in accordance with the terms of the Indenture, the beneficial interest issued will be subject to the restrictions on transfer enumerated in the Private Placement Legend printed on the relevant Restricted Global Note and in the Indenture and the Securities Act. C-2

This certificate and the statements contained herein are made for your benefit and the benefit of the Company. ---------------------------------------- [Insert Name of Transferor] By:______________________________________________ Name: Title: Dated:______________ C-3

EXHIBIT D FORM OF CERTIFICATE FROM ACQUIRING INSTITUTIONAL ACCREDITED INVESTOR Crown Castle International Corp. 510 Bering Drive, Suite 500 Houston, Texas 77057 [Registrar address block] Re: 9 1/2% Senior Notes due 2011 ---------------------------- Reference is hereby made to the Indenture, dated as of August 3 (the "Indenture"), between Crown Castle International Corp., as issuer (the "Company"), and United States Trust Company of New York, as trustee. Capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings given to them in the Indenture. In connection with our proposed purchase of $____________ aggregate principal amount of: (a) [_] a beneficial interest in a Global Note, or (b) [_] a Definitive Note, we confirm that: 1. We understand that any subsequent transfer of the Notes or any interest therein is subject to certain restrictions and conditions set forth in the Indenture and the undersigned agrees to be bound by, and not to resell, pledge or otherwise transfer the Notes or any interest therein except in compliance with, such restrictions and conditions and the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"). 2. We understand that the offer and sale of the Notes have not been registered under the Securities Act, and that the Notes and any interest therein may not be offered or sold except as permitted in the following sentence. We agree, on our own behalf and on behalf of any accounts for which we are acting as hereinafter stated, that if we should sell the Notes or any interest therein, we will do so only (A) to the Company or any subsidiary thereof, (B) in accordance with Rule 144A under the Securities Act to a "qualified institutional buyer" (as defined therein), (C) to an institutional "accredited investor" (as defined below) that, prior to such transfer, furnishes (or has furnished on its behalf by a U.S. broker-dealer) to you and to the Company a signed letter substantially in the form of this letter and an Opinion of Counsel in form reasonably acceptable to the Company to the effect that such transfer is in compliance with the Securities Act, (D) outside the United States in accordance with Rule 904 of Regulation S under the Securities Act, (E) pursuant to the provisions of Rule 144(k) under the Securities Act or (F) pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act, and we further agree to provide to any person purchasing the Definitive Note or beneficial interest in a Global Note from us in a transaction meeting the requirements of clauses (A) through (E) of this paragraph a notice advising such purchaser that resales thereof are restricted as stated herein. D-1

3. We understand that, on any proposed resale of the Notes or beneficial interest therein, we will be required to furnish to you and the Company such certifications, legal opinions and other information as you and the Company may reasonably require to confirm that the proposed sale complies with the foregoing restrictions. We further understand that the Notes purchased by us will bear a legend to the foregoing effect. 4. We are an institutional "accredited investor" (as defined in Rule 501(a)(1), (2), (3) or (7) of Regulation D under the Securities Act) and have such knowledge and experience in financial and business matters as to be capable of evaluating the merits and risks of our investment in the Notes, and we and any accounts for which we are acting are each able to bear the economic risk of our or its investment. 5. We are acquiring the Notes or beneficial interest therein purchased by us for our own account or for one or more accounts (each of which is an institutional "accredited investor") as to each of which we exercise sole investment discretion. You and the Company are entitled to rely upon this letter and are irrevocably authorized to produce this letter or a copy hereof to any interested party in any administrative or legal proceedings or official inquiry with respect to the matters covered hereby. ---------------------------------------- [Insert Name of Accredited Investor] By:_______________________________________________ Name: Title: Dated:________________ D-2

EXHIBIT E FORM OF SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURE TO BE DELIVERED BY SUBSEQUENT GUARANTORS Supplemental Indenture (this "Supplemental Indenture"), dated as of ________, among __________________ (the "Guaranteeing Subsidiary"), a subsidiary of CROWN CASTLE INTERNATIONAL CORP. (or its permitted successor), a Delaware corporation (the "Company"), the Company, the other Guarantors (as defined in the Indenture referred to herein) and UNITED STATES TRUST COMPANY OF NEW YORK, as trustee under the Indenture referred to below (the "Trustee"). W I T N E S S E T H WHEREAS, the Company has heretofore executed and delivered to the Trustee an indenture (the "Indenture"), dated as of August 3, 1999 providing for the issuance of an aggregate principal amount of up to $200.0 million of 9 1/2% Senior Notes due 2011 (the "Notes"); WHEREAS, the Indenture provides that under certain circumstances the Guaranteeing Subsidiary shall execute and deliver to the Trustee a supplemental indenture pursuant to which the Guaranteeing Subsidiary shall unconditionally guarantee all of the Company's Obligations under the Notes and the Indenture on the terms and conditions set forth herein (the "Note Guarantee"); and WHEREAS, pursuant to Section 9.1 of the Indenture, the Trustee is authorized to execute and deliver this Supplemental Indenture. NOW THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt of which is hereby acknowledged, the Guaranteeing Subsidiary and the Trustee mutually covenant and agree for the equal and ratable benefit of the Holders of the Notes as follows: 1. Capitalized Terms. Capitalized terms used herein without definition shall have the meanings assigned to them in the Indenture. 2. Agreement to Guarantee. The Guaranteeing Subsidiary hereby agrees as follows: (a) Along with all Guarantors named in the Indenture, to jointly and severally Guarantee to each Holder of a Note authenticated and delivered by the Trustee and to the Trustee and its successors and assigns, irrespective of the validity and enforceability of the Indenture, the Notes or the obligations of the Company hereunder or thereunder, that: (i) the principal of and interest on the Notes will be promptly paid in full when due, whether, by acceleration, redemption or otherwise, and interest on the overdue principal of and interest and Special Interest on the Notes, if any, if lawful, and all other obligations of the Company to the Holders or the Trustee hereunder or thereunder will be promptly paid in full or performed, all in accordance with the terms hereof and thereof; and E-1

(ii) in case of any extension of time of payment or renewal of any Notes or any of such other obligations, that same will be promptly paid in full when due or performed in accordance with the terms of the extension or renewal, whether at stated maturity, by acceleration or otherwise. Failing payment when due of any amount so guaranteed or any performance so guaranteed for whatever reason, the Guarantors shall be jointly and severally obligated to pay the same immediately. (b) The obligations hereunder shall be unconditional, irrespective of the validity, regularity or enforceability of the Notes or the Indenture, the absence of any action to enforce the same, any waiver or consent by any Holder of the Notes with respect to any provisions hereof or thereof, the recovery of any judgment against the Company, any action to enforce the same or any other circumstance which might otherwise constitute a legal or equitable discharge or defense of a guarantor. (c) The following is hereby waived: diligence, presentment, demand of payment, filing of claims with a court in the event of insolvency or bankruptcy of the Company, any right to require a proceeding first against the Company, protest, notice and all demands whatsoever. (d) This Note Guarantee shall not be discharged except by complete performance of the obligations contained in the Notes and the Indenture. (e) If any Holder or the Trustee is required by any court or otherwise to return to the Company, the Guarantors, or any Custodian, Trustee, liquidator or other similar official acting in relation to either the Company or the Guarantors, any amount paid by either to the Trustee or such Holder, this Note Guarantee, to the extent theretofore discharged, shall be reinstated in full force and effect. (f) The Guaranteeing Subsidiary shall not be entitled to any right of subrogation in relation to the Holders in respect of any obligations guaranteed hereby until payment in full of all obligations guaranteed hereby. (g) As between the Guarantors, on the one hand, and the Holders and the Trustee, on the other hand, (x) the maturity of the obligations guaranteed hereby may be accelerated as provided in Article 6 of the Indenture for the purposes of this Note Guarantee, notwithstanding any stay, injunction or other prohibition preventing such acceleration in respect of the obligations guaranteed hereby, and (y) in the event of any declaration of acceleration of such obligations as provided in Article 6 of the Indenture, such obligations (whether or not due and payable) shall forthwith become due and payable by the Guarantors for the purpose of this Note Guarantee. E-2

(h) The Guarantors shall have the right to seek contribution from any non-paying Guarantor so long as the exercise of such right does not impair the rights of the Holders under the Guarantee. (i) Pursuant to Section 10.02 of the Indenture, after giving effect to any maximum amount and any other contingent and fixed liabilities that are relevant under any applicable Bankruptcy or fraudulent conveyance laws, and after giving effect to any collections from, rights to receive contribution from or payments made by or on behalf of any other Guarantor in respect of the obligations of such other Guarantor under Article 10 of the Indenture shall result in the obligations of such Guarantor under its Note Guarantee not constituting a fraudulent transfer or conveyance. 3 Execution and Delivery. Each Guaranteeing Subsidiary agrees that the Note Guarantees shall remain in full force and effect notwithstanding any failure to endorse on each Note a notation of such Note Guarantee. 4. Guaranteeing Subsidiary May Consolidate, Etc. on Certain Terms. (a) The Guaranteeing Subsidiary may not consolidate with or merge with or into (whether or not such Guarantor is the surviving Person) another corporation, Person or entity whether or not affiliated with such Guarantor unless: (i) subject to Section 10.05 of the Indenture, the Person formed by or surviving any such consolidation or merger (if other than a Guarantor or the Company) unconditionally assumes all the obligations of such Guarantor, pursuant to a supplemental indenture in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee, under the Notes, the Indenture and the Note Guarantee on the terms set forth herein or therein; and (ii) immediately after giving effect to such transaction, no Default or Event of Default exists. (b) In case of any such consolidation, merger, sale or conveyance and upon the assumption by the successor corporation, by supplemental indenture, executed and delivered to the Trustee and satisfactory in form to the Trustee, of the Note Guarantee endorsed upon the Notes and the due and punctual performance of all of the covenants and conditions of the Indenture to be performed by the Guarantor, such successor corporation shall succeed to and be substituted for the Guarantor with the same effect as if it had been named herein as a Guarantor. Such successor corporation thereupon may cause to be signed any or all of the Note Guarantees to be endorsed upon all of the Notes issuable hereunder which theretofore shall not have been signed by the Company and delivered to the Trustee. All the Note Guarantees so issued shall in all respects have the same legal rank and benefit under the Indenture as the Note Guarantees theretofore and thereafter issued in accordance with the terms of the Indenture as though all of such Note Guarantees had been issued at the date of the execution hereof. E-3

(c) Except as set forth in Articles 4 and 5 of the Indenture, and notwithstanding clauses (a) and (b) above, nothing contained in the Indenture or in any of the Notes shall prevent any consolidation or merger of a Guarantor with or into the Company or another Guarantor, or shall prevent any sale or conveyance of the property of a Guarantor as an entirety or substantially as an entirety to the Company or another Guarantor. 5. Releases. (a) In the event of a sale or other disposition of all of the assets of any Guarantor, by way of merger, consolidation or otherwise, or a sale or other disposition of all to the capital stock of any Guarantor, then such Guarantor (in the event of a sale or other disposition, by way of merger, consolidation or otherwise, of all of the capital stock of such Guarantor) or the corporation acquiring the property (in the event of a sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of such Guarantor) will be released and relieved of any obligations under its Note Guarantee; provided that the Net Proceeds of such sale or other disposition are applied in accordance with the applicable provisions of the Indenture, including without limitation Section 4.10 of the Indenture. Upon delivery by the Company to the Trustee of an Officers' Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that such sale or other disposition was made by the Company in accordance with the provisions of the Indenture, including without limitation Section 4.10 of the Indenture, the Trustee shall execute any documents reasonably required in order to evidence the release of any Guarantor from its obligations under its Note Guarantee. (b) Any Guarantor not released from its obligations under its Note Guarantee shall remain liable for the full amount of principal of and interest on the Notes and for the other obligations of any Guarantor under the Indenture as provided in Article 10 of the Indenture. 6. No Recourse Against Others. No past, present or future director, officer, employee, incorporator, stockholder or agent of the Guaranteeing Subsidiary, as such, shall have any liability for any obligations of the Company or any Guaranteeing Subsidiary under the Notes, any Note Guarantees, the Indenture or this Supplemental Indenture or for any claim based on, in respect of, or by reason of, such obligations or their creation. Each Holder of the Notes by accepting a Note waives and releases all such liability. The waiver and release are part of the consideration for issuance of the Notes. Such waiver may not be effective to waive liabilities under the federal securities laws and it is the view of the Commission that such a waiver is against public policy. 7. NEW YORK LAW TO GOVERN. THE INTERNAL LAW OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK SHALL GOVERN AND BE USED TO CONSTRUE THIS SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURE BUT WITHOUT GIVING EFFECT TO APPLICABLE PRINCIPLES OF CONFLICTS OF LAW TO THE EXTENT THAT THE APPLICATION OF THE LAWS OF ANOTHER JURISDICTION WOULD BE REQUIRED THEREBY. 8. Counterparts The parties may sign any number of copies of this Supplemental Indenture. Each signed copy shall be an original, but all of them together represent the same agreement. 9. Effect of Headings. The Section headings herein are for convenience only and shall not affect the construction hereof. E-4

10. The Trustee. The Trustee shall not be responsible in any manner whatsoever for or in respect of the validity or sufficiency of this Supplemental Indenture or for or in respect of the recitals contained herein, all of which recitals are made solely by the Guaranteeing Subsidiary and the Company. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Supplemental Indenture to be duly executed and attested, all as of the date first above written. Dated:______________ [Guaranteeing Subsidiary] By:___________________________________________ Name: Title: Crown Castle International Corp. By:___________________________________________ Name: Title: [Other Guarantors] By:___________________________________________ Name: Title United States Trust Company of New York as Trustee By:___________________________________________ Name: Title: E-5

EXHIBIT F FORM OF NOTATION OF GUARANTEE For value received, each Guarantor (which term includes any successor Person under the Indenture) has, jointly and severally, unconditionally guaranteed, to the extent set forth in the Indenture and subject to the provisions in the Indenture dated as of August 3, 1999 (the "Indenture") among CROWN CASTLE INTERNATIONAL CORP. and UNITED STATES TRUST COMPANY OF NEW YORK, as trustee (the "Trustee"), (a) the due and punctual payment of the principal of, premium and Special Interest, if any, and interest on the Notes (as defined in the Indenture), whether, by acceleration, redemption or otherwise, the due and punctual payment of interest on overdue principal and premium, and, to the extent permitted by law, interest, and the due and punctual performance of all other obligations of the Company to the Holders or the Trustee all in accordance with the terms of the Indenture and (b) in case of any extension of time of payment or renewal of any Notes or any of such other obligations, that the same will be promptly paid in full when due or performed in accordance with the terms of the extension or renewal, whether at stated maturity, by acceleration or otherwise. The obligations of the Guarantors to the Holders of Notes and to the Trustee pursuant to the Note Guarantee and the Indenture are expressly set forth in Article 10 of the Indenture and reference is hereby made to the Indenture for the precise terms of the Note Guarantee. Each Holder of a Note, by accepting the same, agrees to and shall be bound by such provisions. [Name of Guarantor(s)] By:___________________________________________ Name: Title: F-6

EXHIBIT 4.2 ================================================================================ EXECUTION COPY CROWN CASTLE INTERNATIONAL CORP. ISSUER 11 1/4% SENIOR DISCOUNT NOTES DUE 2011 -------------------------- INDENTURE Dated as of August 3, 1999 -------------------------- United States Trust Company of New York Trustee -------------------------- ================================================================================

CROSS-REFERENCE TABLE* Trust Indenture Act Section Indenture Section 310(a)(1)...................................................................... 7.10 (a)(2)...................................................................... 7.10 (a)(3)...................................................................... N.A. (a)(4)...................................................................... N.A. (a)(5)...................................................................... 7.10 (b)......................................................................... 7.10 (c)......................................................................... N.A. 311(a)......................................................................... 7.11 (b)......................................................................... 7.11 (c)......................................................................... N.A. 312(a)......................................................................... 2.05 (b)......................................................................... 11.03 (c)......................................................................... 11.03 313(a)......................................................................... 7.06 (b)(1)...................................................................... N.A. (b)(2)...................................................................... 7.07 (c)......................................................................... 7.06;11.02 (d)......................................................................... 7.06 314(a)......................................................................... 4.03;11.02 (b)......................................................................... N.A. (c)(1)...................................................................... 11.04 (c)(2)...................................................................... 11.04 (c)(3)...................................................................... N.A. (d)......................................................................... N.A. (e)......................................................................... 11.05 (f)......................................................................... N.A. 315(a)......................................................................... 7.01 (b)......................................................................... 7.05,11.02 (c)......................................................................... 7.01 (d)......................................................................... 7.01 (e)......................................................................... 6.11 316(a) (last sentence)......................................................... 2.09 (a)(1)(A)................................................................... 6.05 (a)(1)(B)................................................................... 6.04 (a)(2)...................................................................... N.A. (b)......................................................................... 6.07 (c)......................................................................... 2.12 317(a)(1)...................................................................... 6.08 (a)(2)...................................................................... 6.09 (b)......................................................................... 2.04 318(a)......................................................................... 11.01 (b)......................................................................... N.A. (c)......................................................................... 11.01 N.A. means not applicable. * This Cross Reference Table is not part of the Indenture.

TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ARTICLE 1 DEFINITIONS AND INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE Section 1.01. Definitions................................................. 1 Section 1.02. Other Definitions............................................ 21 Section 1.03. Incorporation by Reference of Trust Indenture Act............ 21 Section 1.04. Rules of Construction........................................ 22 ARTICLE 2 THE NOTES Section 2.01. Form and Dating.............................................. 22 Section 2.02. Execution and Authentication................................. 23 Section 2.03. Registrar and Paying Agent................................... 23 Section 2.04. Paying Agent to Hold Money in Trust.......................... 24 Section 2.05. Holder Lists................................................. 24 Section 2.06. Transfer and Exchange........................................ 24 Section 2.07. Replacement Notes............................................ 24 Section 2.08. Outstanding Notes............................................ 35 Section 2.09. Treasury Notes............................................... 35 Section 2.10. Temporary Notes.............................................. 36 Section 2.11. Cancellation................................................. 36 Section 2.12. Defaulted Interest........................................... 36 ARTICLE 3 REDEMPTION AND PREPAYMENT Section 3.01. Notices to Trustee........................................... 37 Section 3.02. Selection of Notes to Be Redeemed............................ 37 Section 3.03. Notice of Redemption......................................... 37 Section 3.04. Effect of Notice of Redemption............................... 38 Section 3.05. Deposit of Redemption Price.................................. 38 Section 3.06. Notes Redeemed in Part....................................... 39 Section 3.07. Optional Redemption.......................................... 39 Section 3.08. Mandatory Redemption......................................... 40 Section 3.09. Offer to Purchase by Application of Excess Proceeds.......... 40 ARTICLE 4 COVENANTS Section 4.01. Payment of Notes............................................. 42 Section 4.02. Maintenance of Office or Agency.............................. 42 Section 4.03. Reports...................................................... 42 Section 4.04. Compliance Certificate....................................... 43 Section 4.05. Taxes........................................................ 44 Section 4.06. Stay, Extension and Usury Laws............................... 44 Section 4.07. Restricted Payments.......................................... 44 Section 4.08. Dividend and Other Payment Restrictions Affecting Subsidiaries................................................. 48 Section 4.09. Incurrence of Indebtedness and Issuance of Preferred Stock........................................................ 50 Section 4.10. Asset Sales.................................................. 53 Section 4.11. Transactions with Affiliates................................. 54 Section 4.12. Liens........................................................ 55 Section 4.13. Business Activities.......................................... 55 Section 4.14. Corporate Existence.......................................... 55 i

Section 4.15. Offer to Repurchase Upon Change of Control................... 55 Section 4.16. Sale and Leaseback Transactions.............................. 57 Section 4.17. Limitation on Issuances and Sales of Capital Stock of Restricted Subsidiaries...................................... 58 Section 4.18. Limitation on Issuances of Guarantees of Indebtedness........ 58 ARTICLE 5 SUCCESSORS Section 5.01. Merger, Consolidation, or Sale of Assets..................... 58 Section 5.02. Successor Corporation Substituted............................ 59 ARTICLE 6 DEFAULTS AND REMEDIES Section 6.01. Events of Default............................................ 60 Section 6.02. Acceleration................................................. 61 Section 6.03. Other Remedies............................................... 61 Section 6.04. Waiver of Past Defaults...................................... 62 Section 6.05. Control by Majority.......................................... 62 Section 6.06. Limitation on Suits.......................................... 62 Section 6.07. Rights of Holders of Notes to Receive Payment................ 63 Section 6.08. Collection Suit by Trustee................................... 63 Section 6.09. Trustee May File Proofs of Claim............................. 63 Section 6.10. Priorities................................................... 63 Section 6.11. Undertaking for Costs........................................ 64 ARTICLE 7 TRUSTEE Section 7.01. Duties of Trustee............................................ 64 Section 7.02. Rights of Trustee............................................ 65 Section 7.03. Individual Rights of Trustee................................. 66 Section 7.04. Trustee's Disclaimer......................................... 66 Section 7.05. Notice of Defaults........................................... 66 Section 7.06. Reports by Trustee to Holders of the Notes................... 66 Section 7.07. Compensation and Indemnity................................... 66 Section 7.08. Replacement of Trustee....................................... 67 Section 7.09. Successor Trustee by Merger, etc............................. 68 Section 7.10. Eligibility; Disqualification................................ 68 Section 7.11. Preferential Collection of Claims Against Company............ 68 ARTICLE 8 LEGAL DEFEASANCE AND COVENANT DEFEASANCE Section 8.01. Option to Effect Legal Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance..... 69 Section 8.02. Legal Defeasance and Discharge............................... 69 Section 8.03. Covenant Defeasance.......................................... 69 Section 8.04. Conditions to Legal or Covenant Defeasance................... 70 Section 8.05. Deposited Money and Government Securities to be Held in Trust; Other Miscellaneous Provisions..................... 71 Section 8.06. Repayment to Company......................................... 72 Section 8.07. Reinstatement................................................ 72 ARTICLE 9 AMENDMENT, SUPPLEMENT AND WAIVER Section 9.01. Without Consent of Holders of Notes.......................... 72 Section 9.02. With Consent of Holders of Notes............................. 73 Section 9.03. Compliance with Trust Indenture Act.......................... 74 ii

Section 9.04. Revocation and Effect of Consents............................ 74 Section 9.05. Notation on or Exchange of Notes............................. 75 Section 9.06. Trustee to Sign Amendments, etc.............................. 75 ARTICLE 10 NOTE GUARANTEES Section 10.01. Guarantee................................................... 75 Section 10.02. Limitation on Guarantor Liability........................... 76 Section 10.03. Execution and Delivery of Note Guarantee.................... 76 Section 10.04. Guarantors May Consolidate, etc., on Certain Terms.......... 77 Section 10.05. Releases Following Sale of Assets........................... 78 ARTICLE 11 MISCELLANEOUS Section 11.01. Trust Indenture Act Controls................................ 78 Section 11.02. Notices..................................................... 78 Section 11.03. Communication by Holders of Notes with Other Holders........ 79 of Notes.................................................... 80 Section 11.04. Certificate and Opinion as to Conditions Precedent.......... 80 Section 11.05. Statements Required in Certificate or Opinion............... 80 Section 11.06. Rules by Trustee and Agents................................. 80 Section 11.07. No Personal Liability of Directors, Officers, Employees..... 81 and Stockholders............................................ 81 Section 11.08. Governing Law............................................... 81 Section 11.09. No Adverse Interpretation of Other Agreements............... 81 Section 11.10. Successors.................................................. 81 Section 11.11. Severability................................................ 81 Section 11.12. Counterpart Originals....................................... 81 Section 11.13. Table of Contents, Headings, etc............................ 81 EXHIBITS Exhibit A FORM OF NOTE Exhibit B FORM OF CERTIFICATE OF TRANSFER Exhibit C FORM OF CERTIFICATE OF EXCHANGE Exhibit D FORM OF CERTIFICATE FROM ACQUIRING INSTITUTIONAL ACCREDITED INVESTOR Exhibit E FORM OF NOTATION OF GUARANTEE Exhibit F FORM OF SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURE TO BE DELIVERED BY SUBSEQUENT GUARANTORS iii

INDENTURE dated as of August 3, 1999 between Crown Castle International Corp., a Delaware corporation (the "Company"), and United States Trust Company of New York, as trustee (the "Trustee"). The Company and the Trustee agree as follows for the benefit of each other and for the equal and ratable benefit of the Holders of the 11 1/4% Senior Discount Notes due 2011 (each a "Note" and, collectively, the "Notes"): ARTICLE 1 DEFINITIONS AND INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE Section 1.01. Definitions. "9% Senior Notes" means the Company's 9% Senior Notes due 2011. "10-3/8% Senior Discount Notes" means the Company's 10-3/8% Senior Discount Notes due 2011. "144A Global Note" means a global note substantially in the form of Exhibit A hereto bearing the Global Note Legend and the Private Placement Legend and deposited with or on behalf of, and registered in the name of, the Depositary or its nominee that will be issued in a denomination equal to the outstanding principal amount of the Notes sold in reliance on Rule 144A. "Accreted Value" means, as of any date of determination the sum of: (1) the initial Accreted Value (which is $578.89 per $1,000 in principal amount at maturity of Notes); and (2) the portion of the excess of the principal amount at maturity of each note over such initial Accreted Value which shall have been amortized through such date, such amount to be so amortized on a daily basis and compounded semiannually on each August 1 and February 1 at the rate of 11 1/4% per annum from the date of original issuance of the Notes through the date of determination computed on the basis of a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months. The Accreted Value of any Note on or after the Full Accretion Date shall be equal to 100% of its stated principal amount at maturity. "Acquired Debt" means, with respect to any specified Person: (1) Indebtedness of any other Person existing at the time such other Person is merged with or into or became a Subsidiary of such specified Person, including, without limitation, Indebtedness incurred in connection with, or in contemplation of, such other Person merging with or into or becoming a Subsidiary of such specified Person; and (2) Indebtedness secured by a Lien encumbering any asset acquired by such specified Person. "Additional Notes" means up to $100.00 million in aggregate principal amount of Notes issued under this Indenture, in accordance with Sections 2.02 and 4.09 hereof.

"Adjusted Consolidated Cash Flow" means, as of any date of determination, the sum of: (1) the Consolidated Cash Flow of the Company for the four most recent full fiscal quarters ending immediately prior to such date for which internal financial statements are available, less the Company's Tower Cash Flow for such four-quarter period; plus (2) the product of four times the Company's Tower Cash Flow for the most recent fiscal quarter for which internal financial statements are available. For purposes of making the computation referred to above: (1) acquisitions that have been made by the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries, including through mergers or consolidations and including any related financing transactions, during the reference period or subsequent to such reference period and on or prior to the calculation date shall be deemed to have occurred on the first day of the reference period and Consolidated Cash Flow for such reference period shall be calculated without giving effect to clause (2) of the proviso set forth in the definition of Consolidated Net Income; (2) the Consolidated Cash Flow attributable to discontinued operations, as determined in accordance with GAAP, and operations or businesses disposed of prior to the calculation date, shall be excluded; and (3) the corporate development expense of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries calculated in a manner consistent with the audited financial statements of the Company included in the Offering Circular shall be added to Consolidated Cash Flow to the extent it was included in computing Consolidated Net Income. "Affiliate" of any specified Person means any other Person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with such specified Person. For purposes of this definition, "control" (including, with correlative meanings, the terms "controlling," "controlled by" and "under common control with"), as used with respect to any Person, shall mean the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management or policies of such Person, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by agreement or otherwise; provided that beneficial ownership of 10% or more of the Voting Stock of a Person shall be deemed to be control. "Agent" means any Registrar, Paying Agent or co-registrar. "Applicable Procedures" means, with respect to any transfer or exchange of or for beneficial interests in any Global Note, the rules and procedures of the Depositary, Euroclear and Cedel that apply to such transfer or exchange. "Asset Sale" means: (1) the sale, lease, conveyance or other disposition of any assets or rights (including, without limitation, by way of a sale and leaseback); provided that the sale, lease, conveyance or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company and its Subsidiaries taken as a whole will be governed by the Section 4.15 and Article 5 hereof and not by Section 4.10 hereof; and (2) the issue or sale by the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries of Equity Interests of any of the Company's Subsidiaries (other than directors' qualifying shares or shares required by 2

applicable law to be held by a Person other than the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary), in the case of either clause (1) or (2), whether in a single transaction or a series of related transactions: (a) that have a fair market value in excess of $1.0 million; or (b) for net proceeds in excess of $1.0 million. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the following items shall not be deemed to be Asset Sales: (1) a transfer of assets by the Company to a Restricted Subsidiary or by a Restricted Subsidiary to the Company or to another Restricted Subsidiary; (2) an issuance of Equity Interests by a Subsidiary to the Company or to another Restricted Subsidiary; (3) a transfer or issuance of Equity Interests of an Unrestricted Subsidiary to an Unrestricted Subsidiary; provided, however, that such transfer or issuance does not result in a decrease in the percentage of ownership of the voting securities of such transferee Unrestricted Subsidiary that are collectively held by the Company and its Subsidiaries; (4) a Restricted Payment that is permitted by Section 4.07 hereof; (5) grants of leases or licenses in the ordinary course of business; and (6) disposals of Cash Equivalents. "Attributable Debt" in respect of a sale and leaseback transaction means, at the time of determination, the present value (discounted at the rate of interest implicit in such transaction, determined in accordance with GAAP) of the obligation of the lessee for net rental payments during the remaining term of the lease included in such sale and leaseback transaction (including any period for which such lease has been extended or may, at the option of the lessor, be extended). "Bankruptcy Law" means Title 11, U.S. Code or any similar federal or state law for the relief of debtors. "Board of Directors" means the Board of Directors of the Company, or any authorized committee of the Board of Directors. "Broker-Dealer" means any broker or dealer registered under the Exchange Act. "Business Day" means any day other than a Legal Holiday. "Capital Lease Obligation" means, at the time any determination thereof is to be made, the amount of the liability in respect of a capital lease that would at such time be required to be capitalized on a balance sheet in accordance with GAAP. "Capital Stock" means: (1) in the case of a corporation, corporate stock; (2) in the case of an association or business entity, any and all shares, interests, participations, rights or other equivalents (however designated) of corporate stock; 3

(3) in the case of a partnership or limited liability company, partnership or membership interests (whether general or limited); and (4) any other interest or participation that confers on a Person the right to receive a share of the profits and losses of, or distributions of assets of, the issuing Person. "Cash Equivalents" means: (1) United States dollars; (2) securities issued or directly and fully guaranteed or insured by the United States government or any agency or instrumentality thereof (provided that the full faith and credit of the United States is pledged in support thereof) having maturities of not more than six months from the date of acquisition; (3) certificates of deposit and eurodollar time deposits with maturities of six months or less from the date of acquisition, bankers' acceptances with maturities not exceeding six months and overnight bank deposits, in each case with any lender party to the Senior Credit Facility or with any domestic commercial bank having capital and surplus in excess of $500.0 million and a Thompson Bank Watch Rating of "B" or better; (4) repurchase obligations with a term of not more than seven days for underlying securities of the types described in clauses (2) and (3) above entered into with any financial institution meeting the qualifications specified in clause (3) above; (5) commercial paper having the highest rating obtainable from Moody's Investors Service, Inc. or Standard & Poor's Ratings Group and in each case maturing within six months after the date of acquisition; and (6) money market funds at least 95% of the assets of which constitute Cash Equivalents of the kinds described in clauses (1)-(5) of this definition. "CCAIC" means CCA Investment Corp., which is an indirect wholly owned Subsidiary of the Company and was formed to hold the Company's Equity Interests in Crown Atlantic Holding Company LLC. "Cedel" means Cedel Bank, S.A. "Change of Control" means the occurrence of any of the following: (1) the sale, lease, transfer, conveyance or other disposition (other than by way of merger or consolidation), in one or a series of related transactions, of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries, taken as a whole to any "person" (as such term is used in Section 13(d)(3) of the Exchange Act) other than a Principal or a Related Party of a Principal; (2) the adoption of a plan relating to the liquidation or dissolution of the Company; 4

(3) the consummation of any transaction (including, without limitation, any merger or consolidation) the result of which is that any "person" (as defined above), other than the Principals and their Related Parties, becomes the "beneficial owner" (as such term is defined in Rule 13d-3 and Rule 13d-5 under the Exchange Act, except that a person shall be deemed to have "beneficial ownership" of all securities that such person has the right to acquire, whether such right is currently exercisable or is exercisable only upon the occurrence of a subsequent condition), directly or indirectly, of more than 50% of the Voting Stock of the Company (measured by voting power rather than number of shares); provided that transfers of Equity Interests in the Company between or among the beneficial owners of the Company's Equity Interests and/or Equity Interests in CTSH, in each case as of the date hereof, will not be deemed to cause a Change of Control under this clause (3) so long as no single Person together with its Affiliates acquires a beneficial interest in more of the Voting Stock of the Company than is at the time collectively beneficially owned by the Principals and their Related Parties; (4) the first day on which a majority of the members of the Board of Directors are not Continuing Directors; or (5) the Company consolidates with, or merges with or into, any Person, or any Person consolidates with, or merges with or into, the Company, in any such event pursuant to a transaction in which any of the outstanding Voting Stock of the Company is converted into or exchanged for cash, securities or other property, other than any such transaction where: (a) the Voting Stock of the Company outstanding immediately prior to such transaction is converted into or exchanged for Voting Stock (other than Disqualified Stock) of the surviving or transferee Person constituting a majority of the outstanding shares of such Voting Stock of such surviving or transferee Person (immediately after giving effect to such issuance); or (b) the Principals and their Related Parties own a majority of such outstanding shares after such transaction. "Company" means Crown Castle International Corp., and any and all successors thereto. "Completed Tower" means any wireless transmission tower owned or managed by the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries that, as of any date of determination: (1) has at least one wireless communications or broadcast tenant that has executed a definitive lease with the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries, which lease is producing revenue with respect to the tower as of the date of determination; and (2) has capacity for at least two tenants in addition to the tenant referred to in clause (1) of this definition. 5

"Consolidated Cash Flow" means, with respect to any Person for any period, the Consolidated Net Income of such Person for such period; plus (1) provision for taxes based on income or profits of such Person and its Restricted Subsidiaries for such period, to the extent that such provision for taxes was included in computing such Consolidated Net Income; plus (2) consolidated interest expense of such Person and its Restricted Subsidiaries for such period, whether paid or accrued and whether or not capitalized (including, without limitation, amortization of debt issuance costs and original issue discount, non-cash interest payments, the interest component of any deferred payment obligations, the interest component of all payments associated with Capital Lease Obligations, commissions, discounts and other fees and charges incurred in respect of letters of credit or bankers' acceptance financings, and net payments (if any) pursuant to Hedging Obligations), to the extent that any such expense was deducted in computing such Consolidated Net Income; plus (3) depreciation, amortization (including amortization of goodwill and other intangibles and other non-cash expenses (excluding any such non- cash expense to the extent that it represents an accrual of or reserve for cash expenses in any future period) of such Person and its Restricted Subsidiaries for such period to the extent that such depreciation, amortization and other non-cash expenses were deducted in computing such Consolidated Net Income; minus (4) non-cash items increasing such Consolidated Net Income for such period (excluding any items that were accrued in the ordinary course of business), in each case on a consolidated basis and determined in accordance with GAAP. "Consolidated Indebtedness" means, with respect to any Person as of any date of determination, the sum, without duplication, of (1) the total amount of Indebtedness of such Person and its Restricted Subsidiaries; plus (2) the total amount of Indebtedness of any other Person, to the extent that such Indebtedness has been Guaranteed by the referent Person or one or more of its Restricted Subsidiaries; plus (3) the aggregate liquidation value of all Disqualified Stock of such Person and all preferred stock of Restricted Subsidiaries of such Person, in each case, determined on a consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP. "Consolidated Interest Expense" means, with respect to any Person for any period: (1) the consolidated interest expense of such Person and its Restricted Subsidiaries for such period determined in accordance with GAAP, whether paid or accrued and whether or not capitalized (including, without limitation, amortization of debt issuance costs and original issue discount, non-cash interest payments, the interest component of any deferred payment obligations, the interest component of all payments associated with Capital Lease 6

Obligations, imputed interest with respect to Attributable Debt, commissions, discounts and other fees and charges incurred in respect of letter of credit or bankers' acceptance financings, and net payments, if any, pursuant to Hedging Obligations); plus (2) all preferred stock dividends paid or accrued in respect of the Company's and its Restricted Subsidiaries' preferred stock to Persons other than the Company or a Wholly Owned Restricted Subsidiary of the Company other than preferred stock dividends paid by the Company in shares of preferred stock that is not Disqualified Stock. "Consolidated Net Income" means, with respect to any Person for any period, the aggregate of the Net Income of such Person and its Restricted Subsidiaries for such period, on a consolidated basis, determined in accordance with GAAP; provided that (1) the Net Income (but not loss) of any Person other than the Company that is not a Restricted Subsidiary or that is accounted for by the equity method of accounting shall be included only to the extent of the amount of dividends or distributions paid in cash to the referent Person or a Restricted Subsidiary thereof; (2) the Net Income of any Person acquired in a pooling of interests transaction for any period prior to the date of such acquisition shall be excluded; (3) the cumulative effect of a change in accounting principles shall be excluded; and (4) the Net Income (but not loss) of any Unrestricted Subsidiary shall be excluded whether or not distributed to the Company or one of its Restricted Subsidiaries. "Consolidated Tangible Assets" means, with respect to the Company, the total consolidated assets of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries, less the total intangible assets of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries, as shown on the most recent internal consolidated balance sheet of the Company and such Restricted Subsidiaries calculated on a consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP. "Continuing Directors" means, as of any date of determination, any member of the Board of Directors who: (1) was a member of such Board of Directors on the date hereof; (2) was nominated for election or elected to such Board of Directors with the approval of a majority of the Continuing Directors who were members of such Board of Directors at the time of such nomination or election; or (3) is a designee of a Principal or was nominated by a Principal. "Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee" shall be at the address of the Trustee specified in Section 11.02 hereof or such other address as to which the Trustee may give notice to the Company. "Credit Facilities" means one or more debt facilities (including, without limitation, the Senior Credit Facility) or commercial paper facilities with banks or other institutional lenders providing for revolving credit loans, term loans, receivables financing (including through the sale of receivables to 7

such lenders or to special purpose entities formed to borrow from such lenders against such receivables) or letters of credit, in each case, as amended, restated, modified, renewed, refunded, replaced or refinanced in whole or in part from time to time. "Crown Transaction Agreements" means, collectively: (1) the Crown Memorandum of Understanding among the Company, Robert A. Crown and Barbara A. Crown, dated as of July 2, 1998; (2) the Crown Services Agreement between the Company and Robert A. Crown, dated as of July 2, 1998; and (3) the Registration Rights Crown Side Letter Agreement, among the Company, Robert A. Crown and Barbara A. Crown, dated as of August 18, 1998. "CTI" means Castle Transmission International Limited. "CTI Operating Agreement" means the memorandum of understanding among the Company, CTSH, CTI and TdF, dated as of August 21, 1998, relating to the development of certain business opportunities outside of the United States and the provision of certain business support and technical services in connection therewith. "CTI Services Agreement" means the amended and restated services agreement between CTI and TdF, dated as of August 21, 1998, relating to the provision of certain services to CTI. "CTSH" means Crown Transmission Services (Holdings) Ltd and its successors. "CTSH Shareholders' Agreement" means the agreement entered into by the Company, CTSH and TdF, dated as of August 21, 1998, to govern the relationship between the Company and Tdf as shareholders of CTSH. "Custodian" means the Trustee, as Custodian with respect to the Notes in global form, or any successor entity thereto. "Debt to Adjusted Consolidated Cash Flow Ratio" means, as of any date of determination, the ratio of: (1) the Consolidated Indebtedness of the Company as of such date to (2) the Adjusted Consolidated Cash Flow of the Company as of such date. "Default" means any event that is, or with the passage of time or the giving of notice or both would be, an Event of Default. "Definitive Note" means a certificated Note registered in the name of the Holder thereof and issued in accordance with Section 2.06 hereof, substantially in the form of Exhibit A hereto except that such Note shall not bear the Global Note Legend and shall not have the "Schedule of Exchanges of Interests in the Global Note" attached thereto. 8

"Depositary" means, with respect to the Notes issuable or issued in whole or in part in global form, the Person specified in Section 2.03 hereof as the Depositary with respect to the Notes, and any and all successors thereto appointed as depositary hereunder and having become such pursuant to the applicable provision of this Indenture. "Disqualified Stock" means any Capital Stock that, by its terms (or by the terms of any security into which it is convertible or for which it is exchangeable, in each case, at the option of the holder thereof), or upon the happening of any event, matures or is mandatorily redeemable, pursuant to a sinking fund obligation or otherwise, or redeemable at the option of the holder thereof, in whole or in part, on or prior to the date that is 91 days after the date on which the Notes mature; provided, however, that any Capital Stock that would constitute Disqualified Stock solely because the holders thereof have the right to require the Company to repurchase such Capital Stock upon the occurrence of a Change of Control or an Asset Sale shall not constitute Disqualified Stock if the terms of such Capital Stock provide that the Company may not repurchase or redeem any such Capital Stock pursuant to such provisions unless such repurchase or redemption complies with Section 4.07 hereof. "Eligible Indebtedness" means any Indebtedness other than: (1) Indebtedness in the form of, or represented by, bonds or other securities or any guarantee thereof; and (2) Indebtedness that is, or may be, quoted, listed or purchased and sold on any stock exchange, automated trading system or over-the-counter or other securities market (including, without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing, the market for securities eligible for resale pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act). "Equity Interests" means Capital Stock and all warrants, options or other rights to acquire Capital Stock (but excluding any debt security that is convertible into, or exchangeable for, Capital Stock). "Euroclear" means Morgan Guaranty Trust Company of New York, Brussels office, as operator of the Euroclear system. "Exchange Act" means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. "Exchange Notes" means the Notes issued in the Exchange Offer pursuant to Section 2.06(f) hereof. "Exchange Offer" has the meaning set forth in the Registration Rights Agreement. "Exchange Offer Registration Statement" has the meaning set forth in the Registration Rights Agreement. "Existing Indebtedness" means Indebtedness of the Company and its Subsidiaries (other than Indebtedness under the Senior Credit Facility) in existence on the date hereof, until such amounts are repaid. "Full Accretion Date" means August 1, 2004. 9

"GAAP" means generally accepted accounting principles set forth in the opinions and pronouncements of the Accounting Principles Board of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and statements and pronouncements of the Financial Accounting Standards Board or in such other statements by such other entity as have been approved by a significant segment of the accounting profession, which are in effect on the date hereof. "Global Note Legend" means the legend set forth in Section 2.06(f), which is required to be placed on all Global Notes issued under this Indenture. "Global Notes" means, individually and collectively, each of the Restricted Global Notes and the Unrestricted Global Notes, substantially in the form of Exhibit A hereto issued in accordance with Section 2.01, 2.06(b)(iv), 2.06(d)(ii) or 2.06(f) hereof. "Governance Agreement" means the agreement among the Company, TdF and its affiliates, dated as of August 21, 1998, to provide for certain rights and obligations of the Company, TdF and its affiliates with respect to the management of the Company. "Government Securities" means direct obligations of, or obligations guaranteed by, the United States of America, and the payment for which the United States pledges its full faith and credit. "Guarantee" means a guarantee (other than by endorsement of negotiable instruments for collection in the ordinary course of business), direct or indirect, in any manner (including, without limitation, by way of a pledge of assets or through letters of credit or reimbursement agreements in respect thereof), of all or any part of any Indebtedness. The term "Guarantor" shall mean any Person Guaranteeing any obligation. "Hedging Obligations" means, with respect to any Person, the obligations of such Person under: (1) interest rate swap agreements, interest rate cap agreements and interest rate collar agreements; and (2) other agreements or arrangements designed to protect such Person against fluctuations in interest rates or currency exchange rates. "Holder" means a Person in whose name a Note is registered. "IAI Global Note" means the Global Note substantially in the form of Exhibit A hereto bearing the Global Note Legend and the Private Placement Legend and deposited with or on behalf of and registered in the name of the Depositary or its nominee that will be issued in a denomination equal to the outstanding principal amount of the Notes sold to Institutional Accredited Investors. "Indebtedness" means, with respect to any Person, any indebtedness of such Person, whether or not contingent, in respect of borrowed money or evidenced by bonds, notes, debentures or similar instruments or letters of credit (or reimbursement agreements in respect thereof) or banker's acceptances or representing Capital Lease Obligations or the balance deferred and unpaid of the purchase price of any property or representing any Hedging Obligations, except any such balance that constitutes an accrued expense or trade payable, if and to the extent any of the foregoing indebtedness (other than letters of credit and Hedging Obligations) would appear as a liability upon a balance sheet of such Person prepared 10

in accordance with GAAP, as well as all Indebtedness of others secured by a Lien on any asset of such Person whether or not such Indebtedness is assumed by such Person (the amount of such Indebtedness as of any date being deemed to be the lesser of the value of such property or assets as of such date or the principal amount of such Indebtedness of such other Person so secured) and, to the extent not otherwise included, the Guarantee by such Person of any Indebtedness of any other Person. The amount of any Indebtedness outstanding as of any date shall be: (1) the accreted value thereof, in the case of any Indebtedness issued with original issue discount; and (2) the principal amount thereof, together with any interest thereon that is more than 30 days past due, in the case of any other Indebtedness. "Indenture" means this Indenture, as amended or supplemented from time to time. "Indirect Participant" means a Person who holds a beneficial interest in a Global Note through a Participant. "Institutional Accredited Investor" means an institution that is an "accredited investor" as defined in Rule 501(a)(1), (2), (3) or (7) under the Securities Act, who are not also QIBs. "Investments" means, with respect to any Person, all investments by such Person in other Persons (including Affiliates) in the forms of direct or indirect loans (including guarantees of Indebtedness or other obligations), advances or capital contributions (excluding commission, travel and similar advances to officers and employees made in the ordinary course of business), purchases or other acquisitions for consideration of Indebtedness, Equity Interests or other securities, together with all items that are or would be classified as investments on a balance sheet prepared in accordance with GAAP. If the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary of the Company sells or otherwise disposes of any Equity Interests of any direct or indirect Subsidiary of the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary of the Company issues any of its Equity Interests such that, in each case, after giving effect to any such sale or disposition, such Person is no longer a Restricted Subsidiary of the Company, the Company shall be deemed to have made an Investment on the date of any such sale or disposition equal to the fair market value of the Equity Interests of such Subsidiary not sold or disposed of in an amount determined as provided in the final paragraph of Section 4.07 hereof. "Legal Holiday" means a Saturday, a Sunday or a day on which banking institutions in the City of New York or at a place of payment are authorized by law, regulation or executive order to remain closed. If a payment date is a Legal Holiday at a place of payment, payment may be made at that place on the next succeeding day that is not a Legal Holiday, and no interest shall accrue on such payment for the intervening period. "Lien" means, with respect to any asset, any mortgage, lien, pledge, charge, security interest or encumbrance of any kind in respect of such asset, whether or not filed, recorded or otherwise perfected under applicable law (including any conditional sale or other title retention agreement, any lease in the nature thereof, any option or other agreement to sell or give a security interest in and any filing of or agreement to give any financing statement under the Uniform Commercial Code (or equivalent statutes) of any jurisdiction). 11

"Net Income" means, with respect to any Person, the net income (loss) of such Person, determined in accordance with GAAP and before any reduction in respect of preferred stock dividends, excluding, however: (1) any gain or loss, together with any related provision for taxes on such gain or loss, realized in connection with: (a) any Asset Sale (including, without limitation, dispositions pursuant to sale and leaseback transactions); or (b) the disposition of any securities by such Person or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries or the extinguishment of any Indebtedness of such Person or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries; and (2) any extraordinary gain or loss, together with any related provision for taxes on such extraordinary gain or loss. "Net Proceeds" means the aggregate cash proceeds received by the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries in respect of any Asset Sale (including, without limitation, any cash received upon the sale or other disposition of any non-cash consideration received in any Asset Sale), net of: (1) the direct costs relating to such Asset Sale (including, without limitation, legal, accounting and investment banking fees, and sales commissions) and any relocation expenses incurred as a result thereof; (2) taxes paid or payable as a result thereof (after taking into account any available tax credits or deductions and any tax sharing arrangements); (3) amounts required to be applied to the repayment of Indebtedness (other than Indebtedness under a Credit Facility) secured by a Lien on the asset or assets that were the subject of such Asset Sale; (4) all distributions and other payments required to be made to minority interest holders in Restricted Subsidiaries as a result of such Asset Sale; (5) the deduction of appropriate amounts provided by the seller as a reserve in accordance with GAAP against any liabilities associated with the assets disposed of in such Asset Sale and retained by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary after such Asset Sale; and (6) without duplication, any reserves that Board of Directors determines in good faith should be made in respect of the sale price of such asset or assets for post closing adjustments; provided that in the case of any reversal of any reserve referred to in clause (5) or (6) above, the amount so reversed shall be deemed to be Net Proceeds from an Asset Sale as of the date of such reversal. "Non-Recourse Debt" means Indebtedness: (1) as to which neither the Company nor any of its Restricted Subsidiaries: 12

(a) provides credit support of any kind (including any undertaking, agreement or instrument that would constitute Indebtedness); (b) is directly or indirectly liable (as a guarantor or otherwise); or (c) constitutes the lender; (2) no default with respect to which (including any rights that the holders thereof may have to take enforcement action against an Unrestricted Subsidiary) would permit (upon notice, lapse of time or both) any holder of any other Indebtedness of the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries to declare a default on such other Indebtedness or cause the payment thereof to be accelerated or payable prior to its stated maturity; and (3) as to which the lenders have been notified in writing that they will not have any recourse to the stock or assets of the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries (except that this clause (3) will not apply to any Indebtedness incurred by CTSH and its Subsidiaries prior to the date CTSH became a Subsidiary). "Notes" has the meaning assigned to it in the preamble to this Indenture. "Obligations" means any principal, interest, penalties, fees, indemnifications, reimbursements, damages and other liabilities payable under the documentation governing any Indebtedness. "Offering" means the offering of the Notes by the Company. "Offering Circular" means the offering circular, dated July 27, 1999, relating to the offering of the Notes, including all amendments and all materials incorporated by reference in such Offering Circular. "Officer" means, with respect to any Person, the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the President, the Chief Operating Officer, the Chief Financial Officer, the Treasurer, any Assistant Treasurer, the Controller, the Secretary or any Vice-President of such Person. "Officers' Certificate" means a certificate signed on behalf of the Company by two Officers of the Company, one of whom must be the principal executive officer, the principal financial officer, the treasurer or the principal accounting officer of the Company, that meets the requirements of Section 11.04 hereof. "Opinion of Counsel" means an opinion from legal counsel who is reasonably acceptable to the Trustee, that meets the requirements of Section 11.04 hereof. The counsel may be an employee of or counsel to the Company, any Subsidiary of the Company or the Trustee. "Participant" means, with respect to the Depositary, Euroclear or Cedel, a Person who has an account with the Depositary, Euroclear or Cedel, respectively (and, with respect to DTC, shall include Euroclear and Cedel). 13

"Permitted Business" means any business conducted by the Company, its Restricted Subsidiaries or CTSH and its Subsidiaries on the date hereof and any other business related, ancillary or complementary to any such business. "Permitted Investments" means: (1) any Investment in the Company or in a Restricted Subsidiary of the Company; (2) any Investment in Cash Equivalents; (3) any Investment by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary of the Company in a Person, if as a result of such Investment: (a) such Person becomes a Restricted Subsidiary of the Company; or (b) such Person is merged, consolidated or amalgamated with or into, or transfers or conveys substantially all of its assets to, or is liquidated into, the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary of the Company; (4) any Restricted Investment made as a result of the receipt of non-cash consideration from an Asset Sale that was made pursuant to and in compliance with Section 4.10 hereof; (5) any acquisition of assets solely in exchange for the issuance of Equity Interests (other than Disqualified Stock) of the Company; (6) receivables created in the ordinary course of business; (7) loans or advances to employees made in the ordinary course of business not to exceed $2.0 million at any one time outstanding; (8) securities and other assets received in settlement of trade debts or other claims arising in the ordinary course of business; (9) purchases of additional Equity Interests in CTSH for cash pursuant to the governance agreement as the same is in effect on the date of the Senior Discount Notes Indenture for aggregate cash consideration not to exceed $20.0 million since the beginning of the quarter during which the Senior Discount Notes Indenture was executed; (10) the Investment of up to an aggregate of $100.0 million (each such Investment being measured as of the date made and without giving effect to subsequent changes in value); and (11) other Investments in Permitted Businesses not to exceed an amount equal to $10.0 million plus 10% of the Company's Consolidated Tangible Assets at any one time outstanding (each such Investment being measured as of the date made and without giving effect to subsequent changes in value). "Permitted Liens" means: 14

(1) Liens securing Eligible Indebtedness of the Company under one or more Credit Facilities that was permitted by the terms hereof to be incurred; (2) Liens securing any Indebtedness of any of the Company's Restricted Subsidiaries that was permitted by the terms hereof to be incurred; (3) Liens in favor of the Company; (4) Liens existing on the date hereof; (5) Liens for taxes, assessments or governmental charges or claims that are not yet delinquent or that are being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings promptly instituted and diligently concluded; provided that any reserve or other appropriate provision as shall be required in conformity with GAAP shall have been made therefor; (6) Liens securing Indebtedness permitted to be incurred under clause (5) of the second paragraph of Section 4.09 hereof; and (7) Liens incurred in the ordinary course of business of the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary of the Company with respect to obligations that do not exceed $5.0 million at any one time outstanding and that: (a) are not incurred in connection with the borrowing of money or the obtaining of advances or credit (other than trade credit in the ordinary course of business); and (b) do not in the aggregate materially detract from the value of the property or materially impair the use thereof in the operation of business by the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary. "Permitted Refinancing Indebtedness" means any Indebtedness of the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries issued in exchange for, or the net proceeds of which are used to extend, refinance, renew, replace, defease or refund, other Indebtedness of the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries (other than intercompany Indebtedness); provided that: (1) the principal amount (or initial accreted value, if applicable) of such Permitted Refinancing Indebtedness does not exceed the principal amount of (or accreted value, if applicable), plus accrued interest on, the Indebtedness so extended, refinanced, renewed, replaced, defeased or refunded (plus the amount of expenses and prepayment premiums incurred in connection therewith); (2) such Permitted Refinancing Indebtedness has a final maturity date later than the final maturity date of, and has a Weighted Average Life to Maturity equal to or greater than the Weighted Average Life to Maturity of, the Indebtedness being extended, refinanced, renewed, replaced, defeased or refunded; (3) if the Indebtedness being extended, refinanced, renewed, replaced, defeased or refunded is subordinated in right of payment to the Notes, such Permitted Refinancing Indebtedness is subordinated in right of payment to the Notes on terms at least as favorable to the Holders of 15

Notes as those contained in the documentation governing the Indebtedness being extended, refinanced, renewed, replaced, defeased or refunded; and (4) such Indebtedness is incurred either by the Company or by the Restricted Subsidiary who is the obligor on the Indebtedness being extended, refinanced, renewed, replaced, defeased or refunded. "Person" means any individual, corporation, partnership, joint venture, association, joint-stock company, trust, unincorporated organization or government or agency or political subdivision thereof (including any subdivision or ongoing business of any such entity or substantially all of the assets of any such entity, subdivision or business). "Principals" means Berkshire Fund III, Limited Partnership; Berkshire Fund IV, Limited Partnership; Berkshire Investors LLC; Berkshire Partners LLC; Centenial Fund IV, L.P.; Centenial Fund V, L.P.; Centenial Entrepreneurs Fund V, L.P.; Nassau Capital Partners II, L.P.; NAS Partners I, L.L.C., and TdF and any Related Party of the foregoing. "Private Placement Legend" means the legend set forth in Section 2.06(g)(i) to be placed on all Notes issued under this Indenture except where otherwise permitted by the provisions of this Indenture. "Public Equity Offering" means an underwritten primary public offering of common stock of the Company pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act. "QIB" means a "qualified institutional buyer" as defined in Rule 144A. "Registration Rights Agreement" means that certain Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of the date hereof, among the Company and the several purchasers named therein, as the same may be amended, modified or supplemented from time to time, and, with respect to any Additional Notes, one or more registration rights agreements between the Company and the other parties thereto, as such agreements may be amended, modified or supplemented from time to time, relating to the rights given by the Company to the purchasers of Additional Notes, to register such Additional Notes under the Securities Act. "Regulation S" means Regulation S promulgated under the Securities Act. "Regulation S Global Note" means a global Note bearing the Private Placement Legend and deposited with or on behalf of the Depositary and registered in the name of the Depositary or its nominee, issued in a denomination equal to the outstanding principal amount of the Notes initially sold in reliance on Rule 903 or Regulation S. "Related Party" with respect to any Principal means: (1) any controlling stockholder, 80% (or more) owned Subsidiary of such Principal; or (2) any trust, corporation, partnership or other entity, the beneficiaries, stockholders, members, partners, owners or Persons beneficially holding an 80% or more controlling interest of which consist of such Principal and/or such other Persons referred to in the immediately preceding clause (1). 16

"Responsible Officer" with respect to the Trustee, means any officer within the Corporate Trust Administration of the Trustee (or any successor group of the Trustee) or any other officer of the Trustee customarily performing functions similar to those performed by any of the above designated officers and also means, with respect to a particular corporate trust matter, any other officer to whom such matter is referred because of his knowledge of and familiarity with the particular subject. "Restricted Definitive Note" means a Definitive Note bearing the Private Placement Legend. "Restricted Global Note" means a Global Note bearing the Private Placement Legend. "Restricted Investment" means an Investment other than a Permitted Investment. "Restricted Subsidiary" of a Person means any Subsidiary of the referent Person that is not an Unrestricted Subsidiary. "Rights Agreement" means the agreement between the Company and ChaseMellon Shareholders Services, L.L.C., as rights agent, dated as of August 21, 1998, relating to the dividend declared by the Company consisting of the right to purchase 1/100th of a share of the Company's Series A Participating Cumulative Preferred Stock, par value $.01 per share. "Rule 144A" means Rule 144A promulgated under the Securities Act. "Rule 903" means Rule 903 promulgated under the Securities Act. "Rule 904" means Rule 904 promulgated under the Securities Act. "SEC" means the Securities and Exchange Commission. "Securities Act" means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. "Senior Credit Facility" means that certain Amended and Restated Loan Agreement, dated as of July 10, 1998, by and among Key Corporate Capital Inc. and PNC Bank, National Association, as arrangers and agents for the financial institutions listed therein, and Crown Communication Inc. and Crown Castle International Corp. de Puerto Rico, including any related notes, guarantees, collateral documents, instruments and agreements executed in connection therewith, and in each case as amended, modified, renewed, refunded, replaced or refinanced from time to time. "Senior Discount Note Indenture" means that certain indenture, dated as of May 17, 1999, between the Company and the United States Trust Company of New York, as trustee, governing the Company's 10-3/8% Senior Discount Notes. "Senior Notes" means the 9 1/2% Senior Notes Due 2011 issued pursuant to an indenture dated of even date herewith. "Shelf Registration Statement" means the Shelf Registration Statement as defined in the Registration Rights Agreement. 17

"Significant Subsidiary" means, with respect to any Person, any Restricted Subsidiary of such Person that would be a "significant subsidiary" of such Person as defined in Article 1, Rule 1-02 of Regulation S-X, promulgated pursuant to the Act, as such Regulation is in effect on the date hereof, except that all references to "10 percent" in Rule 1-02(w)(1), (2) and (3) shall mean "5 percent" and that all Unrestricted Subsidiaries of the Company shall be excluded from all calculations under Rule 1-02(w). "Special Interest" means all Special Interest (as defined in the Registration Rights Agreement) then owing pursuant to Section 2(c) of the Registration Rights Agreement. "Stated Maturity" means, with respect to any installment of interest or principal on any series of Indebtedness, the date on which such payment of interest or principal was scheduled to be paid in the original documentation governing such Indebtedness, and shall not include any contingent obligations to repay, redeem or repurchase any such interest or principal prior to the date originally scheduled for the payment thereof. "Stockholders' Agreement" means the agreement among the Company and certain stockholders of the Company, dated as of August 21, 1998, to provide for certain rights and obligations of the Company and such stockholders with respect to the governance of the Company and such stockholders' shares of Common Stock and/or Class A Common Stock of the Company. "Strategic Equity Investment" means a cash contribution to the common equity capital of the Company or a purchase from the Company of common Equity Interests (other than Disqualified Stock), in either case by or from a Strategic Equity Investor and for aggregate cash consideration of at least $50.0 million. "Strategic Equity Investor" means a Person engaged in a Permitted Business whose Total Equity Market Capitalization exceeds $1.0 billion. "Subsidiary" means, with respect to any Person: (1) any corporation, association or other business entity of which more than 50% of the total voting power of shares of Capital Stock entitled (without regard to the occurrence of any contingency) to vote in the election of directors, managers or trustees thereof is at the time owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by such Person or one or more of the other Subsidiaries of that Person (or a combination thereof); and (2) any partnership: (a) the sole general partner or the managing general partner of which is such Person or a Subsidiary of such Person; or (b) the only general partners of which are such Person or of one or more Subsidiaries of such Person (or any combination thereof). "TdF" means TeleDiffusion de France International S.A. "TIA" means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 (15 U.S.C. (S)(S) 77aaa-77bbbb) as in effect on the date on which this Indenture is qualified under the TIA. 18

"Total Equity Market Capitalization" of any Person means, as of any day of determination, the sum of: (1) the product of: (a) the aggregate number of outstanding primary shares of common stock of such Person on such day (which shall not include any options or warrants on, or securities convertible or exchangeable into, shares of common stock of such person); multiplied by (b) the average closing price of such common stock listed on a national securities exchange or the Nasdaq National Market System over the 20 consecutive business days immediately preceding such day; plus (2) the liquidation value of any outstanding shares of preferred stock of such Person on such day. "Tower Asset Exchange" means any transaction in which the Company or one of its Restricted Subsidiaries exchanges assets for Tower Assets and/or cash or Cash Equivalents where the fair market value (evidenced by a resolution of the Board of Directors set forth in an Officers' Certificate delivered to the Trustee) of the Tower Assets and cash or Cash Equivalents received by the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries in such exchange is at least equal to the fair market value of the assets disposed of in such exchange. "Tower Assets" means wireless transmission towers and related assets that are located on the site of a transmission tower. "Tower Cash Flow" means, for any period, the Consolidated Cash Flow of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries for such period that is directly attributable to site rental revenue or license fees paid to lease or sublease space on communication sites owned or leased by the Company, all determined on a consolidated basis and in accordance with GAAP. Tower Cash Flow will not include revenue or expenses attributable to non-site rental services provided by the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries to lessees of communication sites or revenues derived from the sale of assets. "Trustee" means the party named as such above until a successor replaces it in accordance with the applicable provisions of this Indenture and thereafter means the successor serving hereunder. "Unrestricted Global Note" means a permanent global Note substantially in the form of Exhibit A attached hereto that bears the Global Note Legend and that has the "Schedule of Exchanges of Interests in the Global Note" attached thereto, and that is deposited with or on behalf of and registered in the name of the Depositary, representing a series of Notes that do not bear the Private Placement Legend. "Unrestricted Definitive Note" means one or more Definitive Notes that do not bear and are not required to bear the Private Placement Legend. "Unrestricted Subsidiary" means any Subsidiary of the Company that is designated by the Board of Directors as an Unrestricted Subsidiary pursuant to a board resolution; but only to the extent that such Subsidiary: 19

(1) has no Indebtedness other than Non-Recourse Debt; (2) is not party to any agreement, contract, arrangement or understanding with the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary of the Company unless the terms of any such agreement, contract, arrangement or understanding are no less favorable to the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary than those that might be obtained at the time from Persons who are not Affiliates of the Company; (3) is a Person with respect to which neither the Company nor any of its Restricted Subsidiaries has any direct or indirect obligation: (a) to subscribe for additional Equity Interests; or (b) to maintain or preserve such Person's financial condition or to cause such Person to achieve any specified levels of operating results; (4) has not guaranteed or otherwise directly or indirectly provided credit support for any Indebtedness of the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries; and (5) has at least one director on its Board of Directors that is not a director or executive officer of the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries and has at least one executive officer that is not a director or executive officer of the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries. Any such designation by the Board of Directors shall be evidenced to the Trustee by filing with the trustee a certified copy of the board resolution giving effect to such designation and an Officers' Certificate certifying that such designation complied with the foregoing conditions and was permitted by Section 4.07 hereof. If, at any time, any Unrestricted Subsidiary would fail to meet the foregoing requirements as an Unrestricted Subsidiary, it shall thereafter cease to be an Unrestricted Subsidiary for purposes of this Indenture, and any Indebtedness of that Subsidiary shall be deemed to be incurred by a Restricted Subsidiary of the Company as of such date (and, if such Indebtedness is not permitted to be incurred as of such date under Section 4.09 hereof, the Company shall be in default of Section 4.09 hereof). The Board of Directors may at any time designate any Unrestricted Subsidiary to be a Restricted Subsidiary; provided that the designation shall be deemed to be an incurrence of Indebtedness by a Restricted Subsidiary of the Company of any outstanding Indebtedness of such Unrestricted Subsidiary and the designation shall only be permitted if (1) such Indebtedness is permitted under Section 4.09 hereof, calculated on a pro forma basis as if such designation had occurred at the beginning of the four-quarter reference period and (2) no Default would occur or be in existence following such designation. "U.S. Person" means a U.S. person as defined in Rule 902(o) under the Securities Act. "Voting Stock" of any Person as of any date means the Capital Stock of such Person that is at the time entitled to vote in the election of the board of directors of such Person. "Weighted Average Life to Maturity" means, when applied to any Indebtedness at any date, the number of years obtained by dividing: (1) the sum of the products obtained by multiplying : 20

(a) the amount of each then remaining installment, sinking fund, serial maturity or other required payments of principal, including payment at final maturity, in respect thereof; by (b) the number of years (calculated to the nearest one-twelfth) that will elapse between such date and the making of such payment; by (2) the then outstanding principal amount of such Indebtedness. "Wholly Owned Restricted Subsidiary" of any Person means a Restricted Subsidiary of such Person all of the outstanding Capital Stock or other ownership interests of which (other than directors' qualifying shares) shall at the time be owned by such Person or by one or more Wholly Owned Restricted Subsidiaries of such Person or by such Person and one or more Wholly Owned Restricted Subsidiaries of such Person. Section 1.02. Other Definitions. Defined in Term Section - ---- ------- "Affiliate Transaction".................................... 4.11 "Asset Sale"............................................... 4.10 "Asset Sale Offer"......................................... 3.09 "Authentication Order"..................................... 2.02 "Change of Control Offer".................................. 4.15 "Change of Control Payment"................................ 4.15 "Change of Control Payment Date"........................... 4.15 "Covenant Defeasance"...................................... 8.03 "Event of Default"......................................... 6.01 "Excess Proceeds".......................................... 4.10 "incur".................................................... 4.09 "Legal Defeasance"......................................... 8.02 "Offer Amount"............................................. 3.09 "Offer Period"............................................. 3.09 "Paying Agent"............................................. 2.03 "Payment Default".......................................... 6.01 "Permitted Debt"........................................... 4.09 "Purchase Date"............................................ 3.09 "Registrar"................................................ 2.03 "Restricted Payments"...................................... 4.07 Section 1.03. Incorporation by Reference of Trust Indenture Act. Whenever this Indenture refers to a provision of the TIA, the provision is incorporated by reference in and made a part of this Indenture. The following TIA terms used in this Indenture have the following meanings: "indenture securities" means the Notes; 21

"indenture security Holder" means a Holder of a Note; "indenture to be qualified" means this Indenture; "indenture trustee" or "institutional trustee" means the Trustee; and "obligor" on the Notes means the Company and any successor obligor upon the Notes. All other terms used in this Indenture that are defined by the TIA, defined by the TIA's reference to another statute or defined by SEC rule under the TIA have the meanings so assigned to them. Section 1.04. Rules of Construction. Unless the context otherwise requires: (a) a term has the meaning assigned to it; (b) an accounting term not otherwise defined has the meaning assigned to it in accordance with GAAP; (c) "or" is not exclusive; (d) words in the singular include the plural, and in the plural include the singular; (e) provisions apply to successive events and transactions; and (f) references to sections of or rules under the Securities Act shall be deemed to include substitute, replacement or successor sections or rules adopted by the SEC from time to time. ARTICLE 2 THE NOTES Section 2.01. Form and Dating. (a) General. The Notes and the Trustee's certificate of authentication shall be substantially in the form of Exhibit A hereto. The Notes may have notations, legends or endorsements required by law, stock exchange rule or usage. Each Note shall be dated the date of its authentication. The Notes shall be in denominations of $1,000 and integral multiples thereof. The terms and provisions contained in the Notes shall constitute, and are hereby expressly made, a part of this Indenture and the Company and the Trustee, by their execution and delivery of this Indenture, expressly agree to such terms and provisions and to be bound thereby. However, to the extent any provision of any Note conflicts with the express provisions of this Indenture, the provisions of this Indenture shall govern and be controlling. (b) Global Notes. Notes issued in global form shall be substantially in the form of Exhibit A attached hereto (including the Global Note Legend thereon and the "Schedule of Exchanges of Interests 22

in the Global Note" attached thereto). Notes issued in definitive form shall be substantially in the form of Exhibit A attached hereto (but without the Global Note Legend thereon and without the "Schedule of Exchanges of Interests in the Global Note" attached thereto). Each Global Note shall represent such of the outstanding Notes as shall be specified therein and each shall provide that it shall represent the aggregate principal amount at maturity of outstanding Notes from time to time endorsed thereon and that the aggregate principal amount at maturity of outstanding Notes represented thereby may from time to time be reduced or increased, as appropriate, to reflect exchanges and redemptions. Any endorsement of a Global Note to reflect the amount of any increase or decrease in the aggregate principal amount at maturity of outstanding Notes represented thereby shall be made by the Trustee or the Custodian, at the direction of the Trustee, in accordance with instructions given by the Holder thereof as required by Section 2.06 hereof. (c) Euroclear and Cedel Procedures Applicable. The provisions of the "Operating Procedures of the Euroclear System" and "Terms and Conditions Governing Use of Euroclear" and the "General Terms and Conditions of Cedel Bank" and "Customer Handbook" of Cedel Bank shall be applicable to transfers of beneficial interests in Global Notes that are held by Participants through Euroclear or Cedel Bank. Section 2.02. Execution and Authentication. Two Officers shall sign the Notes for the Company by manual or facsimile signature. If an Officer whose signature is on a Note no longer holds that office at the time a Note is authenticated, the Note shall nevertheless be valid. A Note shall not be valid until authenticated by the manual signature of the Trustee. The signature shall be conclusive evidence that the Note has been authenticated under this Indenture. The Trustee shall, upon a written order of the Company signed by two Officers (an "Authentication Order"), authenticate Notes for original issue up to the aggregate principal amount at maturity stated in paragraph 4 of the Notes. The aggregate principal amount at maturity of Notes outstanding at any time may not exceed such amount except as provided in Section 2.08 hereof. The Trustee may appoint an authenticating agent acceptable to the Company to authenticate Notes. An authenticating agent may authenticate Notes whenever the Trustee may do so. Each reference in this Indenture to authentication by the Trustee includes authentication by such agent. An authenticating agent has the same rights as an Agent to deal with Holders or an Affiliate of the Company. Section 2.03. Registrar and Paying Agent. The Company shall maintain an office or agency where Notes may be presented for registration of transfer or for exchange ("Registrar") and an office or agency where Notes may be presented for payment ("Paying Agent"). The Registrar shall keep a register of the Notes and of their transfer and exchange. The Company may appoint one or more co-registrars and one or more additional paying agents. The term "Registrar" includes any co-registrar and the term "Paying Agent" includes any additional paying agent. The Company may change any Paying Agent or Registrar without notice to any Holder. The Company shall notify the Trustee in writing of the name and address of any Agent not a party to this Indenture. If the Company fails to appoint or maintain another entity as Registrar or Paying 23

Agent, the Trustee shall act as such. The Company or any of its Subsidiaries may act as Paying Agent or Registrar. The Company initially appoints The Depository Trust Company ("DTC") to act as Depositary with respect to the Global Notes. The Company initially appoints the Trustee to act as the Registrar and Paying Agent and to act as Custodian with respect to the Global Notes. Section 2.04. Paying Agent to Hold Money in Trust. The Company shall require each Paying Agent other than the Trustee to agree in writing that the Paying Agent will hold in trust for the benefit of the Holders or the Trustee all money held by the Paying Agent for the payment of principal of, or premium or Special Interest, if any, or interest on the Notes, and will notify the Trustee of any default by the Company in making any such payment. While any such default continues, the Trustee may require a Paying Agent to pay all money held by it to the Trustee. The Company at any time may require a Paying Agent to pay all money held by it to the Trustee. Upon payment over to the Trustee, the Paying Agent (if other than the Company or a Subsidiary) shall have no further liability for the money. If the Company or a Subsidiary acts as Paying Agent, it shall segregate and hold in a separate trust fund for the benefit of the Holders all money held by it as Paying Agent. Upon any bankruptcy or reorganization proceedings relating to the Company, the Trustee shall serve as Paying Agent for the Notes. Section 2.05. Holder Lists. The Trustee shall preserve in as current a form as is reasonably practicable the most recent list available to it of the names and addresses of all Holders and shall otherwise comply with TIA (S) 312(a). If the Trustee is not the Registrar, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee at least seven Business Days before each interest payment date and at such other times as the Trustee may request in writing, a list in such form and as of such date as the Trustee may reasonably require of the names and addresses of the Holders of Notes, and the Company shall otherwise comply with TIA (S) 312(a). Section 2.06. Transfer and Exchange. (a) Transfer and Exchange of Global Notes. A Global Note may not be transferred as a whole except by the Depositary to a nominee of the Depositary, by a nominee of the Depositary to the Depositary or to another nominee of the Depositary, or by the Depositary or any such nominee to a successor Depositary or a nominee of such successor Depositary. All Global Notes will be exchanged by the Company for Definitive Notes if (i) the Company delivers to the Trustee notice from the Depositary that it is unwilling or unable to continue to act as Depositary or that it is no longer a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act and, in either case, a successor Depositary is not appointed by the Company within 120 days after the date of such notice from the Depositary or (ii) the Company in its sole discretion determines that the Global Notes (in whole but not in part) should be exchanged for Definitive Notes and delivers a written notice to such effect to the Trustee. Upon the occurrence of either of the preceding events in (i) or (ii) above, Definitive Notes shall be issued in such names as the Depositary shall instruct the Trustee. Global Notes also may be exchanged or replaced, in whole or in part, as provided in Sections 2.07 and 2.10 hereof. Every Note authenticated and delivered in exchange for, or in lieu of, a Global Note or any portion thereof, pursuant to this Section 2.06, or Section 2.07 or 24

2.10 hereof, shall be authenticated and delivered in the form of, and shall be, a Global Note. A Global Note may not be exchanged for another Note other than as provided in this Section 2.06(a); however, beneficial interests in a Global Note may be transferred and exchanged as provided in Section 2.06(b), (c) or (f) hereof. (b) Transfer and Exchange of Beneficial Interests in the Global Notes. The transfer and exchange of beneficial interests in the Global Notes shall be effected through the Depositary, in accordance with the provisions of this Indenture and the Applicable Procedures. Transfers of beneficial interests in the Global Notes also shall require compliance with either subparagraph (i) or (ii) below, as applicable, as well as one or more of the other following subparagraphs, as applicable: (i) Transfer of Beneficial Interests in the Same Global Note. Beneficial interests in any Restricted Global Note may be transferred to Persons who take delivery thereof in the form of a beneficial interest in the same Restricted Global Note in accordance with the transfer restrictions set forth in the Private Placement Legend. Beneficial interests in any Unrestricted Global Note may be transferred to Persons who take delivery thereof in the form of a beneficial interest in an Unrestricted Global Note. No written orders or instructions shall be required to be delivered to the Registrar to effect the transfers described in this Section 2.06(b)(i). (ii) All Other Transfers and Exchanges of Beneficial Interests in Global Notes. In connection with all transfers and exchanges of beneficial interests that are not subject to Section 2.06(b)(i) above, the transferor of such beneficial interest must deliver to the Registrar either (A) (1) a written order from a Participant or an Indirect Participant given to the Depositary in accordance with the Applicable Procedures directing the Depositary to credit or cause to be credited a beneficial interest in another Global Note in an amount equal to the beneficial interest to be transferred or exchanged and (2) instructions given in accordance with the Applicable Procedures containing information regarding the Participant account to be credited with such increase or (B) (1) a written order from a Participant or an Indirect Participant given to the Depositary in accordance with the Applicable Procedures directing the Depositary to cause to be issued a Definitive Note in an amount equal to the beneficial interest to be transferred or exchanged and (2) instructions given by the Depositary to the Registrar containing information regarding the Person in whose name such Definitive Note shall be registered to effect the transfer or exchange referred to in (1) above. Upon satisfaction of all of the requirements for transfer or exchange of beneficial interests in Global Notes contained in this Indenture and the Notes or otherwise applicable under the Securities Act, the Trustee shall adjust the principal amount at maturity of the relevant Global Note(s) pursuant to Section 2.06(g) hereof. (iii) Transfer of Beneficial Interests to Another Restricted Global Note. A beneficial interest in any Restricted Global Note may be transferred to a Person who takes delivery thereof in the form of a beneficial interest in another Restricted Global Note if the transfer complies with the requirements of Section 2.06(b)(ii) above and the Registrar receives the following: (A) if the transferee will take delivery in the form of a beneficial interest in the 144A Global Note, then the transferor must deliver a certificate in the form of Exhibit B hereto, including the certifications in item (1) thereof; 25

(B) if the transferee will take delivery in the form of a beneficial interest in the Regulation S Global Note, then the transferor must deliver a certificate in the form of Exhibit B hereto, including the certifications in item (2) thereof; and (C) if the transferee will take delivery in the form of a beneficial interest in the IAI Global Note, then the transferor must deliver a certificate in the form of Exhibit B hereto, including the certifications and certificates and Opinion of Counsel required by item (3) thereof, if applicable. (iv) Transfer and Exchange of Beneficial Interests in a Restricted Global Note for Beneficial Interests in the Unrestricted Global Note. A beneficial interest in any Restricted Global Note may be exchanged by any holder thereof for a beneficial interest in an Unrestricted Global Note or transferred to a Person who takes delivery thereof in the form of a beneficial interest in an Unrestricted Global Note if the exchange or transfer complies with the requirements of Section 2.06(b)(ii) above and: (A) such exchange or transfer is effected pursuant to the Exchange Offer in accordance with the Registration Rights Agreement and the holder of the beneficial interest to be transferred, in the case of an exchange, or the transferee, in the case of a transfer, certifies in the applicable Letter of Transmittal that it is not (1) a broker-dealer, (2) a Person participating in the distribution of the Exchange Notes or (3) a Person who is an affiliate (as defined in Rule 144) of the Company; (B) such transfer is effected pursuant to the Shelf Registration Statement in accordance with the Registration Rights Agreement; (C) such transfer is effected by a Broker-Dealer pursuant to the Exchange Offer Registration Statement in accordance with the Registration Rights Agreement; or (D) the Registrar receives the following: (1) if the holder of such beneficial interest in a Restricted Global Note proposes to exchange such beneficial interest for a beneficial interest in an Unrestricted Global Note, a certificate from such holder in the form of Exhibit C hereto, including the certifications in item (1)(a) thereof; or (2) if the holder of such beneficial interest in a Restricted Global Note proposes to transfer such beneficial interest to a Person who shall take delivery thereof in the form of a beneficial interest in an Unrestricted Global Note, a certificate from such holder in the form of Exhibit B hereto, including the certifications in item (4) thereof; and, in each such case set forth in this subparagraph (D), if the Registrar so requests or if the Applicable Procedures so require, an Opinion of Counsel in form reasonably acceptable to the Registrar to the effect that such exchange or transfer is in compliance with the Securities Act and that the restrictions on transfer contained herein and in the Private Placement Legend are no longer required in order to maintain compliance with the Securities Act. 26

If any such transfer is effected pursuant to subparagraph (B) or (D) above at a time when an Unrestricted Global Note has not yet been issued, the Company shall issue and, upon receipt of an Authentication Order in accordance with Section 2.02 hereof, the Trustee shall authenticate one or more Unrestricted Global Notes in an aggregate principal amount equal to the aggregate principal amount of beneficial interests transferred pursuant to subparagraph (B) or (D) above. Beneficial interests in an Unrestricted Global Note cannot be exchanged for, or transferred to Persons who take delivery thereof in the form of, a beneficial interest in a Restricted Global Note. (c) Transfer or Exchange of Beneficial Interests for Definitive Notes. (i) Beneficial Interests in Restricted Global Notes to Restricted Definitive Notes. If any holder of a beneficial interest in a Restricted Global Note proposes to exchange such beneficial interest for a Restricted Definitive Note or to transfer such beneficial interest to a Person who takes delivery thereof in the form of a Restricted Definitive Note, then, upon receipt by the Registrar of the following documentation: (A) if the holder of such beneficial interest in a Restricted Global Note proposes to exchange such beneficial interest for a Restricted Definitive Note, a certificate from such holder in the form of Exhibit C hereto, including the certifications in item (2)(a) thereof; (B) if such beneficial interest is being transferred to a QIB in accordance with Rule 144A under the Securities Act, a certificate to the effect set forth in Exhibit B hereto, including the certifications in item (1) thereof; (C) if such beneficial interest is being transferred to a Non-U.S. Person in an offshore transaction in accordance with Rule 903 or Rule 904 under the Securities Act, a certificate to the effect set forth in Exhibit B hereto, including the certifications in item (2) thereof; (D) if such beneficial interest is being transferred pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act in accordance with Rule 144 under the Securities Act, a certificate to the effect set forth in Exhibit B hereto, including the certifications in item (3)(a) thereof; (E) if such beneficial interest is being transferred to an Institutional Accredited Investor in reliance on an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act other than those listed in subparagraphs (B) through (D) above, a certificate to the effect set forth in Exhibit B hereto, including the certifications, certificates and Opinion of Counsel required by item (3) thereof, if applicable; (F) if such beneficial interest is being transferred to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, a certificate to the effect set forth in Exhibit B hereto, including the certifications in item (3)(b) thereof; or 27

(G) if such beneficial interest is being transferred pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act, a certificate to the effect set forth in Exhibit B hereto, including the certifications in item (3)(c) thereof, the Trustee shall cause the aggregate principal amount of the applicable Global Note to be reduced accordingly pursuant to Section 2.06(h) hereof, and the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver to the Person designated in the instructions a Definitive Note in the appropriate principal amount. Any Definitive Note issued in exchange for a beneficial interest in a Restricted Global Note pursuant to this Section 2.06(c) shall be registered in such name or names and in such authorized denomination or denominations as the holder of such beneficial interest shall instruct the Registrar through instructions from the Depositary and the Participant or Indirect Participant. The Trustee shall deliver such Definitive Notes to the Persons in whose names such Notes are so registered. Any Definitive Note issued in exchange for a beneficial interest in a Restricted Global Note pursuant to this Section 2.06(c)(i) shall bear the Private Placement Legend and shall be subject to all restrictions on transfer contained therein. (ii) Beneficial Interests in Restricted Global Notes to Unrestricted Definitive Notes. A holder of a beneficial interest in a Restricted Global Note may exchange such beneficial interest for an Unrestricted Definitive Note or may transfer such beneficial interest to a Person who takes delivery thereof in the form of an Unrestricted Definitive Note only if: (A) such exchange or transfer is effected pursuant to the Exchange Offer in accordance with the Registration Rights Agreement and the holder of such beneficial interest, in the case of an exchange, or the transferee, in the case of a transfer, certifies in the applicable Letter of Transmittal that it is not (1) a broker-dealer, (2) a Person participating in the distribution of the Exchange Notes or (3) a Person who is an affiliate (as defined in Rule 144) of the Company; (B) such transfer is effected pursuant to the Shelf Registration Statement in accordance with the Registration Rights Agreement; (C) such transfer is effected by a Broker-Dealer pursuant to the Exchange Offer Registration Statement in accordance with the Registration Rights Agreement; or (D) the Registrar receives the following: (1) if the holder of such beneficial interest in a Restricted Global Note proposes to exchange such beneficial interest for a Definitive Note that does not bear the Private Placement Legend, a certificate from such holder in the form of Exhibit C hereto, including the certifications in item (1)(b) thereof; or (2) if the holder of such beneficial interest in a Restricted Global Note proposes to transfer such beneficial interest to a Person who shall take delivery thereof in the form of a Definitive Note that does not bear the Private Placement Legend, a certificate from such holder in the form of Exhibit B hereto, including the certifications in item (4) thereof; 28

and, in each such case set forth in this subparagraph (D), if the Registrar so requests or if the Applicable Procedures so require, an Opinion of Counsel in form reasonably acceptable to the Registrar to the effect that such exchange or transfer is in compliance with the Securities Act and that the restrictions on transfer contained herein and in the Private Placement Legend are no longer required in order to maintain compliance with the Securities Act. (iii) Beneficial Interests in Unrestricted Global Notes to Unrestricted Definitive Notes. If any holder of a beneficial interest in an Unrestricted Global Note proposes to exchange such beneficial interest for a Definitive Note or to transfer such beneficial interest to a Person who takes delivery thereof in the form of a Definitive Note, then, upon satisfaction of the conditions set forth in Section 2.06(b)(ii) hereof, the Trustee shall cause the aggregate principal amount of the applicable Global Note to be reduced accordingly pursuant to Section 2.06(h) hereof, and the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver to the Person designated in the instructions a Definitive Note in the appropriate principal amount. Any Definitive Note issued in exchange for a beneficial interest pursuant to this Section 2.06(c)(iii) shall be registered in such name or names and in such authorized denomination or denominations as the holder of such beneficial interest shall instruct the Registrar through instructions from the Depositary and the Participant or Indirect Participant. The Trustee shall deliver such Definitive Notes to the Persons in whose names such Notes are so registered. Any Definitive Note issued in exchange for a beneficial interest pursuant to this Section 2.06(c)(iii) shall not bear the Private Placement Legend. (d) Transfer and Exchange of Definitive Notes for Beneficial Interests in Global Notes. (i) Restricted Definitive Notes to Beneficial Interests in Restricted Global Notes. If any Holder of a Restricted Definitive Note proposes to exchange such Note for a beneficial interest in a Restricted Global Note or to transfer such Restricted Definitive Notes to a Person who takes delivery thereof in the form of a beneficial interest in a Restricted Global Note, then, upon receipt by the Registrar of the following documentation: (A) if the Holder of such Restricted Definitive Note proposes to exchange such Note for a beneficial interest in a Restricted Global Note, a certificate from such Holder in the form of Exhibit C hereto, including the certifications in item (2)(b) thereof; (B) if such Restricted Definitive Note is being transferred to a QIB in accordance with Rule 144A under the Securities Act, a certificate to the effect set forth in Exhibit B hereto, including the certifications in item (1) thereof; (C) if such Restricted Definitive Note is being transferred to a Non-U.S. Person in an offshore transaction in accordance with Rule 903 or Rule 904 under the Securities Act, a certificate to the effect set forth in Exhibit B hereto, including the certifications in item (2) thereof; (D) if such Restricted Definitive Note is being transferred pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act in accordance with Rule 144 under the Securities Act, a certificate to the effect set forth in Exhibit B hereto, including the certifications in item (3)(a) thereof; 29

(E) if such Restricted Definitive Note is being transferred to an Institutional Accredited Investor in reliance on an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act other than those listed in subparagraphs (B) through (D) above, a certificate to the effect set forth in Exhibit B hereto, including the certifications, certificates and Opinion of Counsel required by item (3) thereof, if applicable; (F) if such Restricted Definitive Note is being transferred to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, a certificate to the effect set forth in Exhibit B hereto, including the certifications in item (3)(b) thereof; or (G) if such Restricted Definitive Note is being transferred pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act, a certificate to the effect set forth in Exhibit B hereto, including the certifications in item (3)(c) thereof, the Trustee shall cancel the Restricted Definitive Note, increase or cause to be increased the aggregate principal amount of, in the case of clause (A) above, the appropriate Restricted Global Note, in the case of clause (B) above, the 144A Global Note, in the case of clause (C) above, the Regulation S Global Note, and in all other cases, the IAI Global Note. (ii) Restricted Definitive Notes to Beneficial Interests in Unrestricted Global Notes. A Holder of a Restricted Definitive Note may exchange such Note for a beneficial interest in an Unrestricted Global Note or transfer such Restricted Definitive Note to a Person who takes delivery thereof in the form of a beneficial interest in an Unrestricted Global Note only if: (A) such exchange or transfer is effected pursuant to the Exchange Offer in accordance with the Registration Rights Agreement and the Holder, in the case of an exchange, or the transferee, in the case of a transfer, certifies in the applicable Letter of Transmittal that it is not (1) a broker-dealer, (2) a Person participating in the distribution of the Exchange Notes or (3) a Person who is an affiliate (as defined in Rule 144) of the Company; (B) such transfer is effected pursuant to the Shelf Registration Statement in accordance with the Registration Rights Agreement; (C) such transfer is effected by a Broker-Dealer pursuant to the Exchange Offer Registration Statement in accordance with the Registration Rights Agreement; or (D) the Registrar receives the following: (1) if the Holder of such Definitive Notes proposes to exchange such Notes for a beneficial interest in the Unrestricted Global Note, a certificate from such Holder in the form of Exhibit C hereto, including the certifications in item (1)(c) thereof; or (2) if the Holder of such Definitive Notes proposes to transfer such Notes to a Person who shall take delivery thereof in the form of a beneficial interest in the Unrestricted Global Note, a certificate from such Holder in the form of Exhibit B hereto, including the certifications in item (4) thereof; 30

and, in each such case set forth in this subparagraph (D), if the Registrar so requests or if the Applicable Procedures so require, an Opinion of Counsel in form reasonably acceptable to the Registrar to the effect that such exchange or transfer is in compliance with the Securities Act and that the restrictions on transfer contained herein and in the Private Placement Legend are no longer required in order to maintain compliance with the Securities Act. Upon satisfaction of the conditions of any of the subparagraphs in this Section 2.06(d)(ii), the Trustee shall cancel the Definitive Notes and increase or cause to be increased the aggregate principal amount of the Unrestricted Global Note. (iii) Unrestricted Definitive Notes to Beneficial Interests in Unrestricted Global Notes. A Holder of an Unrestricted Definitive Note may exchange such Note for a beneficial interest in an Unrestricted Global Note or transfer such Definitive Notes to a Person who takes delivery thereof in the form of a beneficial interest in an Unrestricted Global Note at any time. Upon receipt of a request for such an exchange or transfer, the Trustee shall cancel the applicable Unrestricted Definitive Note and increase or cause to be increased the aggregate principal amount of one of the Unrestricted Global Notes. If any such exchange or transfer from a Definitive Note to a beneficial interest is effected pursuant to subparagraphs (ii)(B), (ii)(D) or (iii) above at a time when an Unrestricted Global Note has not yet been issued, the Company shall issue and, upon receipt of an Authentication Order in accordance with Section 2.02 hereof, the Trustee shall authenticate one or more Unrestricted Global Notes in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of Definitive Notes so transferred. (e) Transfer and Exchange of Definitive Notes for Definitive Notes. Upon request by a Holder of Definitive Notes and such Holder's compliance with the provisions of this Section 2.06(e), the Registrar shall register the transfer or exchange of Definitive Notes. Prior to such registration of transfer or exchange, the requesting Holder shall present or surrender to the Registrar the Definitive Notes duly endorsed or accompanied by a written instruction of transfer in form satisfactory to the Registrar duly executed by such Holder or by its attorney, duly authorized in writing. In addition, the requesting Holder shall provide any additional certifications, documents and information, as applicable, required pursuant to the following provisions of this Section 2.06(e). (i) Restricted Definitive Notes to Restricted Definitive Notes. Any Restricted Definitive Note may be transferred to and registered in the name of Persons who take delivery thereof in the form of a Restricted Definitive Note if the Registrar receives the following: (A) if the transfer will be made pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act, then the transferor must deliver a certificate in the form of Exhibit B hereto, including the certifications in item (1) thereof; (B) if the transfer will be made pursuant to Rule 903 or Rule 904, then the transferor must deliver a certificate in the form of Exhibit B hereto, including the certifications in item (2) thereof; and (C) if the transfer will be made pursuant to any other exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act, then the transferor must deliver a certificate in 31

the form of Exhibit B hereto, including the certifications, certificates and Opinion of Counsel required by item (3) thereof, if applicable. (ii) Restricted Definitive Notes to Unrestricted Definitive Notes. Any Restricted Definitive Note may be exchanged by the Holder thereof for an Unrestricted Definitive Note or transferred to a Person or Persons who take delivery thereof in the form of an Unrestricted Definitive Note if: (A) such exchange or transfer is effected pursuant to the Exchange Offer in accordance with the Registration Rights Agreement and the Holder, in the case of an exchange, or the transferee, in the case of a transfer, certifies in the applicable Letter of Transmittal that it is not (1) a broker-dealer, (2) a Person participating in the distribution of the Exchange Notes or (3) a Person who is an affiliate (as defined in Rule 144) of the Company; (B) any such transfer is effected pursuant to the Shelf Registration Statement in accordance with the Registration Rights Agreement; (C) any such transfer is effected by a Broker-Dealer pursuant to the Exchange Offer Registration Statement in accordance with the Registration Rights Agreement; or (D) the Registrar receives the following: (1) if the Holder of such Restricted Definitive Notes proposes to exchange such Notes for an Unrestricted Definitive Note, a certificate from such Holder in the form of Exhibit C hereto, including the certifications in item (1)(d) thereof; or (2) if the Holder of such Restricted Definitive Notes proposes to transfer such Notes to a Person who shall take delivery thereof in the form of an Unrestricted Definitive Note, a certificate from such Holder in the form of Exhibit B hereto, including the certifications in item (4) thereof; and, in each such case set forth in this subparagraph (D), if the Registrar so requests, an Opinion of Counsel in form reasonably acceptable to the Company to the effect that such exchange or transfer is in compliance with the Securities Act and that the restrictions on transfer contained herein and in the Private Placement Legend are no longer required in order to maintain compliance with the Securities Act. (iii) Unrestricted Definitive Notes to Unrestricted Definitive Notes. A Holder of Unrestricted Definitive Notes may transfer such Notes to a Person who takes delivery thereof in the form of an Unrestricted Definitive Note. Upon receipt of a request to register such a transfer, the Registrar shall register the Unrestricted Definitive Notes pursuant to the instructions from the Holder thereof. (f) Exchange Offer. Upon the occurrence of the Exchange Offer in accordance with the Registration Rights Agreement, the Company shall issue and, upon receipt of an Authentication Order in accordance with Section 2.02, the Trustee shall authenticate (i) one or more Unrestricted Global Notes in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of the beneficial interests in the Restricted Global Notes tendered for acceptance by Persons that certify in the applicable Letters of Transmittal that 32

(x) they are not broker-dealers, (y) they are not participating in a distribution of the Exchange Notes and (z) they are not affiliates (as defined in Rule 144) of the Company, and accepted for exchange in the Exchange Offer and (ii) Definitive Notes in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of the Restricted Definitive Notes accepted for exchange in the Exchange Offer. Concurrently with the issuance of such Notes, the Trustee shall cause the aggregate principal amount of the applicable Restricted Global Notes to be reduced accordingly, and the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver to the Persons designated by the Holders of Definitive Notes so accepted Definitive Notes in the appropriate principal amount. (g) Legends. The following legends shall appear on the face of all Global Notes and Definitive Notes issues under this Indenture unless specifically stated otherwise in the applicable provisions of this Indenture. (i) Private Placement Legend. (A) Except as permitted by subparagraph (B) below, each Global Note and each Definitive Note (and all Notes issued in exchange therefor or substitution thereof) shall bear the legend in substantially the following form: "THE NOTES EVIDENCED HEREBY HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE UNITED STATES SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 (THE "SECURITIES ACT") AND MAY NOT BE OFFERED, SOLD, PLEDGED OR OTHERWISE TRANSFERRED EXCEPT (A)(1) TO A PERSON WHO THE SELLER REASONABLY BELIEVES IS A QUALIFIED INSTITUTIONAL BUYER WITHIN THE MEANING OF RULE 144A UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT PURCHASING FOR ITS OWN ACCOUNT FOR THE ACCOUNT OF A QUALIFIED INSTITUTIONAL BUYER IN A TRANSACTION MEETING THE REQUIREMENTS OF RULE 144A, (2) IN AN OFFSHORE TRANSACTION COMPLYING WITH RULE 903 OR RULE 904 OF REGULATION S UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT, (3) TO AN INSTITUTIONAL ACCREDITED INVESTOR IN A TRANSACTION EXEMPT FROM THE REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES ACT, (4) PURSUANT TO AN EXEMPTION FROM REGISTRATION UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT PROVIDED BY RULE 144 THEREUNDER (IF AVAILABLE) OR (5) PURSUANT TO AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT AND (B) IN ACCORDANCE WITH ALL APPLICABLE SECURITIES LAW OF THE STATES OF THE UNITED STATES." (B) Notwithstanding the foregoing, any Global Note or Definitive Note issued pursuant to subparagraphs (b)(iv), (c)(ii), (c)(iii), (d)(ii), (d)(iii), (e)(ii), (e)(iii) or (f) to this Section 2.06 (and all Notes issued in exchange therefor or substitution thereof) shall not bear the Private Placement Legend. (ii) Global Note Legend. Each Global Note shall bear a legend in substantially the following form: "THIS GLOBAL NOTE IS HELD BY THE DEPOSITARY (AS DEFINED IN THE INDENTURE GOVERNING THIS NOTE) OR ITS NOMINEE IN CUSTODY FOR THE BENEFIT OF THE BENEFICIAL OWNERS HEREOF, AND IS NOT TRANSFERABLE TO ANY PERSON UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCES EXCEPT THAT (I) THE TRUSTEE MAY MAKE SUCH NOTATIONS HEREON AS MAY BE REQUIRED PURSUANT TO SECTION 2.06 OF THE INDENTURE, (II) 33

THIS GLOBAL NOTE MAY BE EXCHANGED IN WHOLE BUT NOT IN PART PURSUANT TO SECTION 2.06(a) OF THE INDENTURE, (III) THIS GLOBAL NOTE MAY BE DELIVERED TO THE TRUSTEE FOR CANCELLATION PURSUANT TO SECTION 2.11 OF THE INDENTURE AND (IV) THIS GLOBAL NOTE MAY BE TRANSFERRED TO A SUCCESSOR DEPOSITARY WITH THE PRIOR WRITTEN CONSENT OF CROWN CASTLE INTERNATIONAL CORP." (ii) Original Issue Discount Legend. Each Note shall bear a legend in substantially the following form: "THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION IS PROVIDED SOLELY FOR PURPOSES OF APPLYING THE UNITED STATES FEDERAL INCOME TAX ORIGINAL ISSUE DISCOUNT RULES TO THIS NOTE. THE ISSUE DATE OF THIS NOTE IS AUGUST 3, 1999. THE ISSUE PRICE OF THIS NOTE IS $578.89 PER $1000.00 OF INITIAL PRINCIPAL AMOUNT AT MATURITY. THIS NOTE IS ISSUED WITH $421.11 OF ORIGINAL ISSUE DISCOUNT PER $1000.00 OF INITIAL PRINCIPAL AMOUNT AT MATURITY. THE YIELD TO MATURITY OF THIS NOTE IS 11-1/4%". (h) Cancellation and/or Adjustment of Global Notes. At such time as all beneficial interests in a particular Global Note have been exchanged for Definitive Notes or a particular Global Note has been redeemed, repurchased or canceled in whole and not in part, each such Global Note shall be returned to or retained and canceled by the Trustee in accordance with Section 2.11 hereof. At any time prior to such cancellation, if any beneficial interest in a Global Note is exchanged for or transferred to a Person who will take delivery thereof in the form of a beneficial interest in another Global Note or for Definitive Notes, the principal amount at maturity of Notes represented by such Global Note shall be reduced accordingly and an endorsement shall be made on such Global Note by the Trustee or by the Depositary at the direction of the Trustee to reflect such reduction; and if the beneficial interest is being exchanged for or transferred to a Person who will take delivery thereof in the form of a beneficial interest in another Global Note, such other Global Note shall be increased accordingly and an endorsement shall be made on such Global Note by the Trustee or by the Depositary at the direction of the Trustee to reflect such increase. (i) General Provisions Relating to Transfers and Exchanges. (i) To permit registrations of transfers and exchanges, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate Global Notes and Definitive Notes upon the Company's order or at the Registrar's request. (ii) No service charge shall be made to a holder of a beneficial interest in a Global Note or to a Holder of a Definitive Note for any registration of transfer or exchange, but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any transfer tax or similar governmental charge payable in connection therewith (other than any such transfer taxes or similar governmental charge payable upon exchange or transfer pursuant to Sections 2.10, 3.06, 3.09, 4.10, 4.15 and 9.05 hereof). (iii) The Registrar shall not be required to register the transfer of or exchange any Note selected for redemption in whole or in part, except the unredeemed portion of any Note being redeemed in part. (iv) All Global Notes and Definitive Notes issued upon any registration of transfer or exchange of Global Notes or Definitive Notes shall be the valid obligations of the Company, 34

evidencing the same debt, and entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture, as the Global Notes or Definitive Notes surrendered upon such registration of transfer or exchange. (v) The Company shall not be required (A) to issue, to register the transfer of or to exchange any Notes during a period beginning at the opening of business 15 days before the day of any selection of Notes for redemption under Section 3.02 hereof and ending at the close of business on the day of selection, (B) to register the transfer of or to exchange any Note so selected for redemption in whole or in part, except the unredeemed portion of any Note being redeemed in part or (C) to register the transfer of or to exchange a Note between a record date and the next succeeding Interest Payment Date. (vi) Prior to due presentment for the registration of a transfer of any Note, the Trustee, any Agent and the Company may deem and treat the Person in whose name any Note is registered as the absolute owner of such Note for the purpose of receiving payment of principal of and interest on such Notes and for all other purposes, and none of the Trustee, any Agent or the Company shall be affected by notice to the contrary. (vii) The Trustee shall authenticate Global Notes and Definitive Notes in accordance with the provisions of Section 2.02 hereof. (viii) All certifications, certificates and Opinions of Counsel required to be submitted to the Registrar pursuant to this Section 2.06 to effect a registration of transfer or exchange may be submitted by facsimile. Section 2.07. Replacement Notes. If any mutilated Note is surrendered to the Trustee or the Company and the Trustee receives evidence to its satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of any Note, the Company shall issue and the Trustee, upon receipt of an Authentication Order, shall authenticate a replacement Note if the Trustee's requirements are met. If required by the Trustee or the Company, an indemnity bond must be supplied by the Holder that is sufficient in the judgment of the Trustee and the Company to protect the Company, the Trustee, any Agent and any authenticating agent from any loss that any of them may suffer if a Note is replaced. The Company may charge for its expenses in replacing a Note. Every replacement Note is an additional obligation of the Company and shall be entitled to all of the benefits of this Indenture equally and proportionately with all other Notes duly issued hereunder. Section 2.08. Outstanding Notes. The Notes outstanding at any time are all the Notes authenticated by the Trustee except for those canceled by it, those delivered to it for cancellation, those reductions in the interest in a Global Note effected by the Trustee in accordance with the provisions hereof, and those described in this Section as not outstanding. Except as set forth in Section 2.09 hereof, a Note does not cease to be outstanding because the Company or an Affiliate of the Company holds the Note; however, Notes held by the Company or a Subsidiary of the Company shall not be deemed to be outstanding for purposes of Section 3.07(b) hereof. 35

If a Note is replaced pursuant to Section 2.07 hereof, it ceases to be outstanding unless the Trustee receives proof satisfactory to it that the replaced Note is held by a bona fide purchaser. If the principal amount at maturity of any Note is considered paid under Section 4.01 hereof, it ceases to be outstanding and interest on it ceases to accrue. If the Paying Agent (other than the Company, a Subsidiary or an Affiliate of any thereof) holds, on a redemption date or maturity date, money sufficient to pay Notes payable on that date, then on and after that date such Notes shall be deemed to be no longer outstanding and shall cease to accrue interest. Section 2.09. Treasury Notes. In determining whether the Holders of the required principal amount at maturity of Notes have concurred in any direction, waiver or consent, Notes owned by the Company, or by any Person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with the Company, shall be considered as though not outstanding, except that for the purposes of determining whether the Trustee shall be protected in relying on any such direction, waiver or consent, only Notes that the Trustee knows are so owned shall be so disregarded. Section 2.10. Temporary Notes. Until certificates representing Notes are ready for delivery, the Company may prepare and the Trustee, upon receipt of an Authentication Order, shall authenticate temporary Notes. Temporary Notes shall be substantially in the form of certificated Notes but may have variations that the Company considers appropriate for temporary Notes and as shall be reasonably acceptable to the Trustee. Without unreasonable delay, the Company shall prepare and the Trustee shall authenticate definitive Notes in exchange for temporary Notes. Holders of temporary Notes shall be entitled to all of the benefits of this Indenture. Section 2.11. Cancellation. The Company at any time may deliver Notes to the Trustee for cancellation. The Registrar and Paying Agent shall forward to the Trustee any Notes surrendered to them for registration of transfer, exchange or payment. The Trustee and no one else shall cancel all Notes surrendered for registration of transfer, exchange, payment, replacement or cancellation and shall destroy canceled Notes (subject to the record retention requirement of the Exchange Act). Certification of the destruction of all canceled Notes shall be delivered to the Company. The Company may not issue new Notes to replace Notes that it has paid or that have been delivered to the Trustee for cancellation. Section 2.12. Defaulted Interest. If the Company defaults in a payment of interest on the Notes, it shall pay the defaulted interest in any lawful manner, plus, to the extent lawful, interest payable on the defaulted interest, to the Persons who are Holders on a subsequent special record date, in each case at the rate provided in the Notes and in Section 4.01 hereof. The Company shall notify the Trustee in writing of the amount of defaulted interest proposed to be paid on each Note and the date of the proposed payment. The Company 36

shall fix or cause to be fixed each such special record date and payment date, provided that no such special record date shall be less than 10 days prior to the related payment date for such defaulted interest. At least 15 days before the special record date, the Company (or, upon the written request of the Company, the Trustee in the name and at the expense of the Company) shall mail or cause to be mailed to Holders a notice that states the special record date, the related payment date and the amount of such interest to be paid. ARTICLE 3 REDEMPTION AND PREPAYMENT Section 3.01. Notices to Trustee. If the Company elects to redeem Notes pursuant to the optional redemption provisions of Section 3.07 hereof, it shall furnish to the Trustee, at least 30 days but not more than 60 days before a redemption date, an Officers' Certificate setting forth (1) the clause of this Indenture pursuant to which the redemption shall occur, (2) the redemption date, (3) the principal amount at maturity of Notes to be redeemed and (4) the redemption price (expressed as a percentage of the principal amount at maturity). Section 3.02. Selection of Notes to Be Redeemed. If less than all of the Notes are to be redeemed or purchased in an offer to purchase at any time, the Trustee shall select the Notes to be redeemed as follows: (1) if the Notes are listed on any national securities exchange, in compliance with the requirements of the principal national securities exchange, if any, on which the Notes are listed; or (2) if the Notes are not listed on any national securities exchange, on a pro rata basis, by lot or by such other method as the Trustee shall deem fair and appropriate. No Notes of $1,000 of principal amount at maturity or less will be redeemed in part. Except as provided in the preceding sentence, provisions of this Indenture that apply to Notes called for redemption also apply to portions of Notes called for redemption. Notices of redemption will be mailed by first class mail at least 30 but not more than 60 days before the redemption date to each Holder of Notes to be redeemed at its registered address. Notices of redemption may not be conditional. If any Note is to be redeemed in part only, the notice of redemption that relates to such Note shall state the portion of the principal amount at maturity of that Note to be redeemed. A new Note in principal amount at maturity equal to the unredeemed portion of the original Note presented for redemption will be issued in the name of the Holder thereof upon cancellation of the original Note. Notes called for redemption become due on the date fixed for redemption. On and after the redemption date, interest ceases to accrue or accrete on Notes or portions of them called for redemption. Section 3.03. Notice of Redemption. Subject to the provisions of Section 3.09 hereof, at least 30 days but not more than 60 days before a redemption date, the Company shall mail or cause to be mailed, by first class mail, a notice of redemption to each Holder whose Notes are to be redeemed at its registered address. 37

The notice shall identify the Notes to be redeemed and shall state: (1) the redemption date; (2) the redemption price; (3) if any Note is being redeemed in part, the portion of the principal amount at maturity of such Note to be redeemed and that, after the redemption date upon surrender of such Note, a new Note or Notes in principal amount at maturity equal to the unredeemed portion shall be issued upon cancellation of the original Note; (4) the name and address of the Paying Agent; (5) that Notes called for redemption must be surrendered to the Paying Agent to collect the redemption price; (6) that, unless the Company defaults in making such redemption payment, interest on Notes called for redemption ceases to accrue on and after the redemption date; (7) the paragraph of the Notes and/or Section of this Indenture pursuant to which the Notes called for redemption are being redeemed; and (8) that no representation is made as to the correctness or accuracy of the CUSIP number, if any, listed in such notice or printed on the Notes. At the Company's request, the Trustee shall give the notice of redemption in the Company's name and at its expense; provided, however, that the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee, at least 45 days prior to the redemption date, an Officers' Certificate requesting that the Trustee give such notice and setting forth the information to be stated in such notice as provided in the preceding paragraph. Section 3.04. Effect of Notice of Redemption. Once notice of redemption is mailed in accordance with Section 3.03 hereof, Notes called for redemption become irrevocably due and payable on the redemption date at the redemption price. A notice of redemption may not be conditional. Section 3.05. Deposit of Redemption Price. One Business Day prior to the redemption date, the Company shall deposit with the Trustee or with the Paying Agent money sufficient to pay the redemption price of and accrued interest and Special Interest on all Notes, if any, to be redeemed on that date. The Trustee or the Paying Agent shall promptly return to the Company any money deposited with the Trustee or the Paying Agent by the Company in excess of the amounts necessary to pay the redemption price of, and accrued interest and Special Interest, if any, on all Notes to be redeemed. If the Company complies with the provisions of the preceding paragraph, on and after the redemption date, Accreted Value will cease to accrete on the Notes or the portions of the Notes called for 38

redemption prior to the Full Accretion Date, or interest shall cease to accrue on the Notes or the portions of Notes called for redemption on or after the Full Accretion Date. If a Note is redeemed on or after an interest record date but on or prior to the related interest payment date, then any accrued and unpaid interest shall be paid to the Person in whose name such Note was registered at the close of business on such record date. If any Note called for redemption shall not be so paid upon surrender for redemption because of the failure of the Company to comply with the preceding paragraph, interest shall be paid on the unpaid principal, from the redemption date until such principal is paid, and, to the extent lawful, on any interest not paid on such unpaid principal, in each case at the rate provided in the Notes and in Section 4.01 hereof. Section 3.06. Notes Redeemed in Part. Upon surrender of a Note that is redeemed in part, the Company shall issue and, upon the Company's written request, the Trustee shall authenticate for the Holder at the expense of the Company a new Note equal in principal amount at maturity to the unredeemed portion of the Note surrendered. Section 3.07. Optional Redemption. (a) Except as provided in clause (b) of this Section 3.07, the Notes will not be redeemable at the Company's option prior to August 1, 2004. On or after August 1, 2004, the Company may redeem all or a part of the Notes upon not less than 30 nor more than 60 days' notice, at the redemption prices (expressed as percentages of principal amount at maturity) set forth below plus accrued and unpaid interest and Special Interest, if any, on the Notes redeemed to the applicable redemption date (subject to the right of Holders of record on the relevant record date to receive interest due on the relevant interest payment date), if redeemed during the twelve-month period beginning on August 1 of the years indicated below: Year Percentage - ---- ---------- 2004...................................................... 105.625% 2005...................................................... 103.750% 2006...................................................... 101.875% 2007 and thereafter....................................... 100.000% (b) Notwithstanding the provisions of clause (a) of this Section 3.07, at any time during the first 36 months after the date of the original issuance of the Notes, the Company may on any one or more occasions redeem up to 35% of the aggregate principal amount at maturity of the Notes originally issued at a redemption price equal to 111.25% of the Accreted Value of the Notes to be redeemed on the redemption date with the net cash proceeds of one or more Public Equity Offerings and/or Strategic Equity Investments provided that: (1) at least 65% of the aggregate principal amount at maturity of the Notes originally issued remains outstanding immediately after the occurrence of such redemption (excluding Notes held by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries); and (2) the redemption occurs within 60 days of the date of the closing of such Public Equity Offering or Strategic Equity Investment. 39

(c) Any redemption pursuant to this Section 3.07 shall be made pursuant to the provisions of Section 3.01 through 3.06 hereof. Section 3.08. Mandatory Redemption. The Company shall not be required to make mandatory redemption or sinking fund payments with respect to the Notes. Section 3.09. Offer to Purchase by Application of Excess Proceeds. In the event that, pursuant to Section 4.10 hereof, the Company shall be required to commence an offer to all Holders to purchase Notes (an "Asset Sale Offer"), it shall follow the procedures specified below. The Asset Sale Offer shall remain open for a period of 20 Business Days following its commencement and no longer, except to the extent that a longer period is required by applicable law (the "Offer Period"). No later than five Business Days after the termination of the Offer Period (the "Purchase Date"), the Company shall purchase the accreted value or principal amount, as the case may be, of Notes and other Senior Indebtedness of the Company required to be purchased pursuant to Section 4.10 hereof (on a pro-rata basis if Notes and other senior Indebtedness of Company tendered (on a pro rata basis if Notes and other senior Indebtedness of the Company tendered are in excess of the excess of the Excess Proceeds) (the "Offer Amount") or, if less than the Offer Amount has been tendered, all Notes and other senior Indebtedness tendered in response to the Asset Sale Offer. Payment for any Notes so purchased shall be made in the same manner as interest payments are made. If the Purchase Date is on or after an interest record date and on or before the related interest payment date, any accrued and unpaid interest and Special Interest, if any, shall be paid to the Person in whose name a Note is registered at the close of business on such record date, and no additional interest shall be payable to Holders who tender Notes pursuant to the Asset Sale Offer. Upon the commencement of an Asset Sale Offer, the Company shall send, by first class mail, a notice to the Trustee and each of the Holders, with a copy to the Trustee. The notice shall contain all instructions and materials necessary to enable such Holders to tender Notes pursuant to the Asset Sale Offer. The Asset Sale Offer shall be made to all Holders. The notice, which shall govern the terms of the Asset Sale Offer, shall state: (a) that the Asset Sale Offer is being made pursuant to this Section 3.09 and Section 4.10 hereof and the length of time the Asset Sale Offer shall remain open; (b) the Offer Amount, the purchase price and the Purchase Date; (c) that any Note not tendered or accepted for payment shall continue to accrete or accrue interest; (d) that, unless the Company defaults in making such payment, any Note accepted for payment pursuant to the Asset Sale Offer shall cease to accrete or accrue interest after the Purchase Date; 40

(e) that Holders electing to have a Note purchased pursuant to an Asset Sale Offer may elect to have Notes purchased in integral multiples of $1,000 only; (f) that Holders electing to have a Note purchased pursuant to any Asset Sale Offer shall be required to surrender the Note, with the form entitled "Option of Holder to Elect Purchase" on the reverse of the Note completed, or transfer by book-entry transfer, to the Company, a depositary, if appointed by the Company, or a Paying Agent at the address specified in the notice at least three days before the Purchase Date; (g) that Holders shall be entitled to withdraw their election if the Company, the depositary or the Paying Agent, as the case may be, receives, not later than the expiration of the Offer Period, a telegram, telex, facsimile transmission or letter setting forth the name of the Holder, the principal amount at maturity of the Note the Holder delivered for purchase and a statement that such Holder is withdrawing his election to have such Note purchased; (h) that, if the aggregate principal amount at maturity (or accreted value, as applicable) of Notes and other senior Indebtedness of the Company surrendered by Holders exceeds the Offer Amount, the Company shall select the Notes to be purchased on a pro rata basis (with such adjustments as may be deemed appropriate by the Company so that only Notes in denominations of $1,000, or integral multiples thereof, shall be purchased); and (i) that Holders whose Notes were purchased only in part shall be issued new Notes equal in principal amount at maturity to the unpurchased portion of the Notes surrendered (or transferred by book-entry transfer). On or before the Purchase Date, the Company shall, to the extent lawful, accept for payment, on a pro rata basis to the extent necessary, the Offer Amount of Notes or portions thereof tendered pursuant to the Asset Sale Offer, or if less than the Offer Amount has been tendered, all Notes and other senior Indebtedness tendered, and shall deliver to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate stating that such Notes or portions thereof were accepted for payment by the Company in accordance with the terms of this Section 3.09. The Company, the Depositary or the Paying Agent, as the case may be, shall promptly (but in any case not later than five days after the Purchase Date) mail or deliver to each tendering Holder an amount equal to the purchase price of the Notes tendered by such Holder and accepted by the Company for purchase, and the Company shall promptly issue a new Note, and the Trustee, upon written request from the Company shall authenticate and mail or deliver such new Note to such Holder, in a principal amount at maturity equal to any unpurchased portion of the Note surrendered. Any Note not so accepted shall be promptly mailed or delivered by the Company to the Holder thereof. The Company shall publicly announce the results of the Asset Sale Offer on the Purchase Date. Other than as specifically provided in this Section 3.09, any purchase pursuant to this Section 3.09 shall be made pursuant to the provisions of Sections 3.01 through 3.06 hereof. 41

ARTICLE 4 COVENANTS Section 4.01. Payment of Notes. The Company shall pay or cause to be paid the principal of, premium and Special Interest, if any, and interest on the Notes on the dates and in the manner provided in the Notes. Principal, premium and Special Interest, if any, and interest shall be considered paid on the date due if the Paying Agent, if other than the Company or a Subsidiary thereof, holds as of 10:00 a.m. Eastern Time on the due date money deposited by the Company in immediately available funds and designated for and sufficient to pay all principal, premium, and Special Interest if any, and interest then due. The Company shall pay interest (including post-petition interest in any proceeding under any Bankruptcy Law) on overdue principal at the rate equal to 1% per annum in excess of the then applicable interest rate on the Notes to the extent lawful; it shall pay interest (including post-petition interest in any proceeding under any Bankruptcy Law) on overdue installments of interest (without regard to any applicable grace period) at the same rate to the extent lawful. Section 4.02. Maintenance of Office or Agency. The Company shall maintain in the Borough of Manhattan, the City of New York, an office or agency (which may be an office of the Trustee or an affiliate of the Trustee, Registrar or co-registrar) where Notes may be surrendered for registration of transfer or for exchange and where notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Notes and this Indenture may be served. The Company shall give prompt written notice to the Trustee of the location, and any change in the location, of such office or agency. If at any time the Company shall fail to maintain any such required office or agency or shall fail to furnish the Trustee with the address thereof, such presentations, surrenders, notices and demands may be made or served at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee. The Company may also from time to time designate one or more other offices or agencies where the Notes may be presented or surrendered for any or all such purposes and may from time to time rescind such designations; provided, however, that no such designation or rescission shall in any manner relieve the Company of its obligation to maintain an office or agency in the Borough of Manhattan, the City of New York, for such purposes. The Company shall give prompt written notice to the Trustee of any such designation or rescission and of any change in the location of any such other office or agency. The Company hereby designates the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee as one such office or agency of the Company in accordance with Section 2.03 hereof. Section 4.03. Reports. Whether or not required by the SEC, so long as any Notes are outstanding, the Company shall furnish to the Holders of Notes: (1) all quarterly and annual financial information that would be required to be contained in a filing with the SEC on Forms 10-Q and 10-K if the Company were required to file such Forms, including a "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" that describes the financial condition and results of operations of the Company 42

and its consolidated Subsidiaries (showing in reasonable detail, in the footnotes to the financial statements and in the "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" (in each case to the extent not prohibited by the SEC's rules and regulations): (a) the financial condition and results of operations of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries separate from the financial condition and results of operations of the Unrestricted Subsidiaries of the Company; and (b) the Tower Cash Flow for the most recently completed fiscal quarter and the Adjusted Consolidated Cash Flow for the most recently completed four-quarter period) and, with respect to the annual information only, a report thereon by the Company's certified independent accountants; and (2) all current reports that would be required to be filed with the SEC on Form 8-K if the Company were required to file such reports, in each case within the time periods specified in the Company's rules and regulations. In addition, whether or not required by the rules and regulations of the SEC, the Company shall file a copy of all such information and reports with the SEC for public availability within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and regulations (unless the SEC will not accept such a filing) and make such information available to securities analysts and prospective investors upon request. The Company shall at all times comply with TIA (S) 314(a). Section 4.04. Compliance Certificate. (1) The Company shall deliver to the Trustee, within 90 days after the end of each fiscal year, an Officers' Certificate stating that a review of the activities of the Company and its Subsidiaries during the preceding fiscal year has been made under the supervision of the signing Officers with a view to determining whether the Company has kept, observed, performed and fulfilled its obligations under this Indenture, and further stating, as to each such Officer signing such certificate, that to the best of his or her knowledge the Company has kept, observed, performed and fulfilled each and every covenant contained in this Indenture and is not in default in the performance or observance of any of the terms, provisions and conditions of this Indenture (or, if a Default or Event of Default shall have occurred, describing all such Defaults or Events of Default of which he or she may have knowledge and what action the Company is taking or proposes to take with respect thereto) and that to the best of his or her knowledge no event has occurred and remains in existence by reason of which payments on account of the principal of or interest or Special Interest, if any, on the Notes is prohibited or if such event has occurred, a description of the event and what action the Company is taking or proposes to take with respect thereto. (2) So long as not contrary to the then current recommendations of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, the year-end financial statements delivered pursuant to Section 4.03(a) above shall be accompanied by a written statement of the Company's independent public accountants (who shall be a firm of established national reputation) that in making the examination necessary for certification of such financial statements, nothing has come to their attention that would lead them to believe that the Company has violated any 43

provisions of Article 4 or Article 5 hereof or, if any such violation has occurred, specifying the nature and period of existence thereof, it being understood that such accountants shall not be liable directly or indirectly to any Person for any failure to obtain knowledge of any such violation. (3) The Company shall, so long as any of the Notes are outstanding, deliver to the Trustee, forthwith upon any Officer becoming aware of any Default or Event of Default, an Officers' Certificate specifying such Default or Event of Default and what action the Company is taking or proposes to take with respect thereto. (4) Immediately upon the occurrence of any event giving rise to the accrual of Special Interest or the cessation of such accrual, the Company shall give the Trustee notice thereof and of the event giving rise to such accrual or cessation (such notice to be contained in an Officer's Certificate) and prior to receipt of such Officer's Certificate the Trustee shall be entitled to assume that no such accrual has commenced or ceased, as the case may be. Section 4.05. Taxes. The Company shall pay, and shall cause each of its Subsidiaries to pay, prior to delinquency, all material taxes, assessments, and governmental levies except such as are contested in good faith and by appropriate proceedings or where the failure to effect such payment is not adverse in any material respect to the Holders of the Notes. Section 4.06. Stay, Extension and Usury Laws. The Company covenants (to the extent that it may lawfully do so) that it shall not at any time insist upon, plead, or in any manner whatsoever claim or take the benefit or advantage of, any stay, extension or usury law wherever enacted, now or at any time hereafter in force, that may affect the covenants or the performance of this Indenture; and the Company (to the extent that it may lawfully do so) hereby expressly waives all benefit or advantage of any such law, and covenants that it shall not, by resort to any such law, hinder, delay or impede the execution of any power herein granted to the Trustee, but shall suffer and permit the execution of every such power as though no such law has been enacted. Section 4.07. Restricted Payments. The Company shall not, and shall not permit any of its Restricted Subsidiaries to, directly or indirectly: (1) declare or pay any dividend or make any other payment or distribution on account of the Company's or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries' Equity Interests (including, without limitation, any payment in connection with any merger or consolidation involving the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries) or to the direct or indirect holders of the Company's or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries' Equity Interests in their capacity as such (other than dividends or distributions payable in Equity Interests (other than Disqualified Stock) of the Company or to the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary of the Company); 44

(2) purchase, redeem or otherwise acquire or retire for value (including without limitation, in connection with any merger or consolidation involving the Company) any Equity Interests of the Company or any direct or indirect parent of the Company (other than any such Equity Interests owned by the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries); (3) make any payment on or with respect to, or purchase, redeem, defease or otherwise acquire or retire for value any Indebtedness that is subordinated to the Notes, except a payment of interest or principal at Stated Maturity; or (4) make any Restricted Investment, (all such payments and other actions set forth in these clauses (1) through (4) above, including those occuring since the date of the Senior Discount Note Indenture, being collectively referred to as "Restricted Payments"), unless, at the time of and after giving effect to such Restricted Payment: (1) no Default has occurred and is continuing or would occur as a consequence of the Restricted Payment; and (2) the Company would have been permitted to incur at least $1.00 of additional Indebtedness pursuant to the Debt to Adjusted Consolidated Cash Flow Ratio test set forth in the first paragraph of Section 4.09 hereof; provided that the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries shall not be required to comply with this clause (2) in order to make any Restricted Investment; and (3) such Restricted Payment, together with the aggregate amount of all other Restricted Payments made by the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries after the date of the Senior Discount Note Indenture (excluding Restricted Payments permitted by clauses (2), (3) and (4) of the paragraph of exceptions below), is less than the sum, without duplication, of: (a) 100% of the Consolidated Cash Flow of the Company for the period (taken as one accounting period) from the beginning of the fiscal quarter during which the Senior Discount Note Indenture was executed to the end of the Company's most recently ended fiscal quarter for which internal financial statements are available at the time of such Restricted Payment (or, if the Consolidated Cash Flow for such period is a deficit, less 100% of the deficit), less 1.75 times the Consolidated Interest Expense of the Company since the beginning of the fiscal quarter during which the Senior Discount Note Indenture was executed; plus (b) 100% of the aggregate net cash proceeds received by the Company since the beginning of the fiscal quarter during which the Senior Discount Note Indenture was executed as a contribution to its common equity capital or from the issue or sale of Equity Interests of the Company (other than Disqualified Stock and except to the extent such net cash proceeds are used to incur new Indebtedness outstanding pursuant to clause (11) of the second paragraph of Section 4.09 hereof) or from the issue or sale of Disqualified Stock or debt securities of the Company that have been converted into Equity Interests (other than Equity Interests (or Disqualified Stock or convertible debt securities) sold to a Subsidiary of the Company and other than Disqualified Stock or convertible debt securities that have been converted into Disqualified Stock); plus 45

(c) to the extent that any Restricted Investment that was made after the date of the Senior Discount Note Indenture is sold for cash or otherwise liquidated or repaid for cash, the lesser of: (A) the cash return of capital with respect to the Restricted Investment (less the cost of disposition, if any), and (B) the initial amount of the Restricted Investment; plus (d) to the extent that any Unrestricted Subsidiary of the Company and all of its Subsidiaries are designated as Restricted Subsidiaries after the date hereof, the lesser of: (A) the fair market value of the Company's Investments in such Subsidiaries as of the date of such designation; or (B) the sum of: (x) the fair market value of the Company's Investments in such Subsidiaries as of the date on which such Subsidiaries were originally designated as Unrestricted Subsidiaries, and (y) the amount of any Investments made in such Subsidiaries subsequent to such designation (and treated as Restricted Payments) by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary; provided that: (i) in the event the Unrestricted Subsidiaries designated as Restricted Subsidiaries are CTSH and its Subsidiaries, the references in clauses (A) and (B) of this clause (d) to fair market value of the Company's Investments in such Subsidiaries shall mean the amount by which the fair market value of all such Investments exceeds 34.3% of the fair market value of CTSH and its Subsidiaries as a whole; and (ii) in the event the Unrestricted Subsidiaries designated as Restricted Subsidiaries are CCAIC and its Subsidiaries, the references in clauses (A) and (B) of this clause (d) to fair market value of the Company's Investments in such Subsidiaries shall mean the amount by which the fair market value of all such Investments exceeds $250.0 million; plus (e) 50% of any dividends received by the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary after the date of the Senior Discount Note Indenture from an Unrestricted Subsidiary of the Company, to the extent that such dividends were not otherwise included in Consolidated Net Income of the Company for such period. 46

The preceding provisions shall not prohibit: (1) the payment of any dividend within 60 days after the date of declaration of that dividend, if at said date of declaration such payment would have complied with the provisions of this Indenture; (2) the making of any Investment or the redemption, repurchase, retirement, defeasance or other acquisition of any subordinated Indebtedness or Equity Interests of the Company in exchange for, or out of the net cash proceeds from the sale since the beginning of the fiscal quarter during which the Senior Discount Note Indenture was executed (other than to a Subsidiary of the Company) of Equity Interests of the Company (other than any Disqualified Stock); provided that the net cash proceeds are not used to incur new Indebtedness pursuant to clause (11) of the second paragraph of Section 4.09 hereof); and provided further that, in each case, the amount of any net cash proceeds that are so utilized will be excluded from clause (3)(b) of the preceding paragraph; (3) the defeasance, redemption, repurchase or other acquisition of subordinated Indebtedness with the net cash proceeds from an incurrence of Permitted Refinancing Indebtedness; (4) the payment of any dividend by a Restricted Subsidiary of the Company to the holders of its Equity Interests on a pro rata basis; (5) the repurchase, redemption or other acquisition or retirement for value of any Equity Interests of the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary of the Company held by any member of the Company's (or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries') management pursuant to any management equity subscription agreement or stock option agreement in effect as of the date of the Senior Discount Note Indenture; provided that the aggregate price paid for all of the repurchased, redeemed, acquired or retired Equity Interests may not exceed (a) $500,000 in any twelve-month period and (b) $5.0 million in the aggregate; or (6) the payment of scheduled dividends on the Company's 12 3/4% Senior Exchangeable Preferred Stock due 2010, whether paid in cash or in kind through the issuance of additional shares of such preferred stock, all in accordance with the certificate of designations governing such preferred stock as in effect on the date of the Senior Discount Note Indenture. The Board of Directors may designate any Restricted Subsidiary to be an Unrestricted Subsidiary if such designation would not cause a Default. For purposes of making such determination, all outstanding Investments by the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries (except to the extent repaid in cash) in the Subsidiary so designated will be deemed to be Restricted Payments at the time of the designation and will reduce the amount available for Restricted Payments under the first paragraph in this Section 4.07. All of those outstanding Investments will be deemed to constitute Investments in an amount equal to the fair market value of the Investments at the time of such designation. Such designation will only be permitted if the Restricted Payment would be permitted at the time and if the Restricted Subsidiary otherwise meets the definition of an Unrestricted Subsidiary. The Board of Directors may designate any Unrestricted Subsidiary to be a Restricted Subsidiary if the designation would not cause a Default. 47

The amount of all Restricted Payments (other than cash) will be the fair market value on the date of the Restricted Payment of the assets or securities proposed to be transferred or issued by the Company or the applicable Restricted Subsidiary, as the case may be, pursuant to the Restricted Payment. The fair market value of any property, assets or Investments required by this covenant to be valued will be valued by the Board of Directors whose resolution with respect to the determination will be delivered to the Trustee. Section 4.08. Dividend and Other Payment Restrictions Affecting Subsidiaries. The Company shall not, and shall not permit any of its Restricted Subsidiaries to, directly or indirectly, create or otherwise cause or suffer to exist or become effective any encumbrance or restriction on the ability of any Restricted Subsidiary to: (1) pay dividends or make any other distributions to the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries on its Capital Stock or with respect to any other interest or participation in, or measured by, its profits; (2) pay any indebtedness owed to the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries; (3) make loans or advances to the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries; or (4) transfer any of its properties or assets to the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries. The preceding restrictions shall not apply to encumbrances or restrictions existing under or by reason of: (1) Existing Indebtedness as in effect on the date hereof, and any amendments, modifications, restatements, renewals, increases, supplements, refundings, replacements or refinancings thereof; provided that such amendments, modifications, restatements, renewals, increases, supplements, refundings, replacements or refinancings are no more restrictive, taken as a whole, with respect to such dividend and other payment restrictions than those contained in the applicable series of Existing Indebtedness as in effect on the date hereof; (2) Indebtedness of any Restricted Subsidiary under any Credit Facility that is permitted to be incurred pursuant to Section 4.09 hereof; provided that such Credit Facility and Indebtedness contain only such encumbrances and restrictions on such Restricted Subsidiary's ability to engage in the activities set forth in clauses (1) through (4) of the preceding paragraph as are, at the time such Credit Facility is entered into or amended, modified, restated, renewed, increased, supplemented, refunded, replaced or refinanced, ordinary and customary for a Credit Facility of that type as determined in the good faith judgment of the Board of Directors (and evidenced in a board resolution), which determination shall be conclusively binding; (3) encumbrances and restrictions applicable to any Unrestricted Subsidiary, as the same are in effect as of the date on which the Subsidiary becomes a Restricted Subsidiary, and as the same may be amended, modified, restated, renewed, increased, supplemented, refunded, replaced or refinanced; provided that such amendments, modifications, restatements, renewals, increases, supplements, refundings, replacement or refinancings are no more restrictive, taken as a whole, 48

with respect to the dividend and other payment restrictions than those contained in the applicable series of Indebtedness of such Subsidiary as in effect on the date on which such Subsidiary becomes a Restricted Subsidiary; (4) any Indebtedness incurred in compliance with Section 4.09 hereof or any agreement pursuant to which such Indebtedness is issued if the encumbrance or restriction applies only in the event of a payment default or default with respect to a financial covenant contained in the Indebtedness or agreement and the encumbrance or restriction is not materially more disadvantageous to the Holders of the Notes than is customary in comparable financings (as determined by the Company) and the Company determines that any such encumbrance or restriction will not materially affect the Company's ability to pay interest or principal on the Notes; (5) this Indenture; (6) applicable law; (7) any instrument governing Indebtedness or Capital Stock of a Person acquired by the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries as in effect at the time that Person is acquired by the Company (except to the extent the Indebtedness was incurred in connection with or in contemplation of the acquisition), which encumbrance or restriction is not applicable to any Person, or the properties or assets of any Person, other than the Person, or the property or assets of the Person, so acquired, provided that, in the case of Indebtedness, the Indebtedness was permitted by the terms hereof to be incurred; (8) customary non-assignment provisions in leases or licenses entered into in the ordinary course of business; (9) purchase money obligations for property acquired in the ordinary course of business that impose restrictions of the nature described in clause (5) in the second paragraph of Section 4.09 hereof on the property so acquired; (10) the provisions of agreements governing Indebtedness incurred pursuant to clause (4) of the second paragraph of Section 4.09 hereof; (11) any agreement for the sale of a Restricted Subsidiary that restricts that Restricted Subsidiary pending its sale; (12) Permitted Refinancing Indebtedness, provided that the restrictions contained in the agreements governing the Permitted Refinancing Indebtedness are no more restrictive, taken as a whole, than those contained in the agreements governing the Indebtedness being refinanced; (13) Liens permitted to be incurred pursuant to the provisions of Section 4.12 hereof that limit the right of the debtor to transfer the assets subject to such Liens; (14) provisions with respect to the disposition or distribution of assets or property in joint venture agreements and other similar agreements; and 49

(15) restrictions on cash or other deposits or net worth imposed by customers under contracts entered into in the ordinary course of business. Section 4.09. Incurrence of Indebtedness and Issuance of Preferred Stock. The Company shall not, and shall not permit any of its Restricted Subsidiaries to, directly or indirectly, create, incur, issue, assume, guarantee or otherwise become directly or indirectly liable, contingently or otherwise, with respect to (collectively, "incur") any Indebtedness (including Acquired Debt) and that the Company will not issue any Disqualified Stock and will not permit any of its Restricted Subsidiaries to issue any shares of preferred stock; provided that the Company may incur Indebtedness (including Acquired Debt) or issue shares of Disqualified Stock and the Company's Restricted Subsidiaries may incur Indebtedness (including Acquired Debt) or issue preferred stock if, in each case, the Company's Debt to Adjusted Consolidated Cash Flow Ratio at the time of incurrence of the Indebtedness or the issuance of the preferred stock, after giving pro forma effect to such incurrence or issuance as of such date and to the use of proceeds from such incurrence or issuance as if the same had occurred at the beginning of the most recently ended four full fiscal quarter period of the Company for which internal financial statements are available, would have been no greater than 7.5 to 1. The provisions of the first paragraph of this Section 4.09 shall not prohibit the incurrence of any of the following items of Indebtedness or to the issuance of any of the following items of Disqualified Stock or preferred stock (collectively, "Permitted Debt"): (1) the incurrence by the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries of Indebtedness under Credit Facilities in an aggregate principal amount (with letters of credit being deemed to have a principal amount equal to the maximum potential liability of the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries thereunder) at any one time outstanding not to exceed the product of $150,000 times the number of Completed Towers on the date of such incurrence; (2) the incurrence by the Company and its Restricted Subsidiaries of the Existing Indebtedness; (3) the incurrence by the Company of the Indebtedness represented by the 9% Senior Notes and the 10-3/8% Senior Discount Notes, each issued on the date of the Senior Discount Note Indenture; (4) the issuance by the Company of additional shares of its 12 3/4% Senior Exchangeable Preferred Stock due 2010 solely for the purpose of paying dividends thereon and the incurrence by the Company of Indebtedness represented by the Company's 12 3/4% Senior Subordinated Exchange Debentures due 2010; (5) the incurrence by the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries of Indebtedness represented by Capital Lease Obligations, mortgage financings or purchase money obligations, in each case incurred for the purpose of financing all or any part of the purchase price or cost of construction or improvement of property, plant or equipment used in the business of the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary, in an aggregate principal amount, including all Permitted Refinancing Indebtedness incurred to refund, refinance or replace any other Indebtedness incurred pursuant to this clause (5), not to exceed $10.0 million at any one time outstanding; 50

(6) the incurrence by the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries of Permitted Refinancing Indebtedness in exchange for, or the net proceeds of which are used to extend, refinance, renew, replace, defease or refund Indebtedness of the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries or Disqualified Stock of the Company (other than intercompany Indebtedness) that was permitted by this Indenture to be incurred under the first paragraph of this Section 4.09 or clauses (2), (3), (4), (5) or this clause (6) of this paragraph; (7) the incurrence by the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries of intercompany Indebtedness between or among the Company and any of its Restricted Subsidiaries; provided, however, that: (i) if the Company is the obligor on such Indebtedness, such Indebtedness is expressly subordinated to the prior payment in full in cash of all Obligations with respect to the Notes of such series and that: (ii) (A) any subsequent issuance or transfer of Equity Interests that results in any such Indebtedness being held by a Person other than the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary, and (B) any sale or other transfer of any such Indebtedness to a Person that is not either the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary shall be deemed, in each case, to constitute an incurrence of the Indebtedness by the Company or the Restricted Subsidiary, as the case may be; (8) the incurrence by the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries of Hedging Obligations that are incurred for the purpose of fixing or hedging interest rate risk with respect to any floating rate Indebtedness that is permitted by the terms of this Indenture to be outstanding or currency exchange risk; (9) the guarantee by the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries of Indebtedness of the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary of the Company that was permitted to be incurred by another provision of this Indenture; (10) the incurrence by the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries of Acquired Debt in connection with the acquisition of assets or a new Subsidiary and the incurrence by the Company's Restricted Subsidiaries of Indebtedness as a result of the designation of an Unrestricted Subsidiary as a Restricted Subsidiary; provided that, in the case of any such incurrence of Acquired Debt, such Acquired Debt was incurred by the prior owner of such assets or such Restricted Subsidiary prior to such acquisition by the Company or one of its Restricted Subsidiaries and was not incurred in connection with, or in contemplation of, the acquisition by the Company or one of its Restricted Subsidiaries; and provided further that, in the case of any incurrence pursuant to this clause (10), as a result of such acquisition by the Company or one of its Restricted Subsidiaries, the Company's Debt to Adjusted Consolidated Cash Flow Ratio at the time of incurrence of such Acquired Debt, after giving pro forma effect to such incurrence as if the same had occurred at the beginning of the most recently ended four full fiscal quarter period of the Company for which internal financial statements are available, would have been less than 51

the Company's Debt to Adjusted Consolidated Cash Flow Ratio for the same period without giving pro forma effect to such incurrence; (11) the incurrence by the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries of Indebtedness or Disqualified Stock not to exceed, at any one time outstanding, the sum of: (i) 2.0 times the aggregate net cash proceeds, plus (ii) 1.0 times the fair market value of non-cash proceeds (evidenced by a resolution of the Board of Directors set forth in an Officers' Certificate delivered to the Trustee), in each case, from the issuance and sale, other than to a Subsidiary, of Equity Interests (other than Disqualified Stock) of the Company since the beginning of the fiscal quarter during which the Senior Discount Note Indenture was executed (less the amount of such proceeds used to make Restricted Payments as provided in clause (3)(b) of the first paragraph or clause (2) of the second paragraph of Section 4.07 hereof); and (12) the incurrence by the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries of additional Indebtedness and/or the issuance by the Company of Disqualified Stock in an aggregate principal amount, accreted value or liquidation preference, as applicable, at any time outstanding, not to exceed $25.0 million. In addition, the Company shall not: (1) incur any Indebtedness that is contractually subordinated in right of payment to any other Indebtedness of the Company unless such Indebtedness is also contractually subordinated in right of payment to the Notes on substantially identical terms; provided, however, that no Indebtedness of the Company will be deemed to be contractually subordinated in right of payment to any other Indebtedness of the Company solely by virtue of being unsecured; and (2) permit any of its Unrestricted Subsidiaries to incur any Indebtedness other than Non-Recourse Debt. For purposes of determining compliance with this Section 4.09, in the event that an item of Indebtedness meets the criteria of more than one of the categories of Permitted Debt described in clauses (1) through (12) above or is entitled to be incurred pursuant to the first paragraph of this Section 4.09, the Company shall, in its sole discretion, classify (or later reclassify in whole or in part) such item of Indebtedness in any manner that complies with this Section 4.09. Accrual of interest, accretion or amortization of original issue discount and the payment of interest in the form of additional Indebtedness shall not be deemed to be an incurrence of Indebtedness for purposes of this Section 4.09. Indebtedness under Credit Facilities outstanding on the date hereof shall be deemed to have been incurred on such date in reliance on the exception provided by clause (1) of the definition of Permitted Debt. The Notes issued on the date hereof shall be deemed to have been incurred on such date in reliance on the exception provided by clause (11) of the definition of Permitted Debt and the exchange notes to be issued in exchange for the Notes shall be deemed to be a Permitted Refinancing under such clause (11). 52

Section 4.10. Asset Sales. The Company shall not, and shall not permit any of its Restricted Subsidiaries to, consummate an Asset Sale unless: (1) the Company (or the Restricted Subsidiary, as the case may be) receives consideration at the time of the Asset Sale at least equal to the fair market value of the assets or Equity Interests issued or sold or otherwise disposed of; (2) fair market value is determined by the Board of Directors and evidenced by a resolution of the Board of Directors set forth in an Officers' Certificate delivered to the Trustee; and (3) except in the case of a Tower Asset Exchange, at least 75% of the consideration received in such Asset Sale by the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary is in the form of cash or Cash Equivalents. For purposes of this provision, each of the following shall be deemed to be cash: (a) any liabilities, as shown on the Company's or such Restricted Subsidiary's most recent balance sheet, of the Company's or any Restricted Subsidiary (other than contingent liabilities and liabilities that are by their terms subordinated to the Notes or any guarantee of the Notes) that are assumed by the transferee of any assets pursuant to a customary novation agreement that releases the Company or the Restricted Subsidiary from further liability; and (b) any securities, notes or other obligations received by the Company or any Restricted Subsidiary from the transferee that are converted by the Company or the Restricted Subsidiary into cash within 20 days of the applicable Asset Sale, to the extent of the cash received in that conversion. Within 365 days after the receipt of any Net Proceeds from an Asset Sale, the Company or the Restricted Subsidiary may apply those Net Proceeds to: (1) reduce Indebtedness under a Credit Facility; (2) reduce other Indebtedness of any of the Restricted Subsidiaries; (3) the acquisition of all or substantially all the assets of a Permitted Business; (4) the acquisition of Voting Stock of a Permitted Business from a Person that is not a Subsidiary of the Company; provided that, after giving effect to the acquisition, the Company or its Restricted Subsidiary owns a majority of the Voting Stock of that business; or (5) the making of a capital expenditure or the acquisition of other long- term assets that are used or useful in a Permitted Business. Pending the final application of any Net Proceeds, the Company may temporarily reduce revolving credit borrowings or otherwise invest the Net Proceeds in any manner that is not prohibited by this Indenture. Any Net Proceeds from Asset Sales that are not applied or invested as provided in the preceding paragraph shall be deemed to constitute "Excess Proceeds". When the aggregate amount of Excess Proceeds exceeds $10.0 million, the Company shall make an Asset Sale Offer to all Holders of Notes, and all holders of other senior Indebtedness of the Company containing provisions similar to those set forth in this Indenture with respect to offers to purchase or redeem with the proceeds of sales of assets, to 53

purchase the maximum principal amount (or accreted value, as applicable) of Notes and such other senior Indebtedness of the Company that may be purchased out of the Excess Proceeds. The offer price in any Asset Sale Offer will be payable in cash and will be 100% of the Accreted Value of the Notes redeemed prior to the Full Accretion Date, or 100% of the principal amount of the Notes redeemed after the Full Accretion Date, plus accrued and unpaid interest and Special Interest to the date of purchase, if any. In the case of any other senior Indebtedness, the offer price shall be 100% of the principal amount (or accreted value, as applicable) of the Indebtedness plus accrued and unpaid interest and Special Interest thereon, if any, to the date of purchase. Each Asset Sale Offer shall be made in accordance with the procedures set forth herein and the other senior Indebtedness of the Company. If any Excess Proceeds remain after consummation of an Asset Sale Offer, the Company may use the remaining Excess Proceeds for any purpose not otherwise prohibited by this Indenture. If the aggregate principal amount, or Accreted Value, as applicable, of Notes and the other senior Indebtedness of the Company tendered into the Asset Sale Offer exceeds the amount of Excess Proceeds, the Trustee shall select the Notes and such other senior Indebtedness to be purchased on a pro rata basis. Upon completion of the Asset Sale Offer, the amount of Excess Proceeds shall be reset at zero. Section 4.11. Transactions with Affiliates. The Company shall not, and shall not permit any of its Restricted Subsidiaries to, make any payment to, or sell, lease, transfer or otherwise dispose of any of its properties or assets to, or purchase any property or assets from, or enter into or make or amend any transaction, contract, agreement, understanding, loan, advance or guarantee with, or for the benefit of, any Affiliate (each of the foregoing, an "Affiliate Transaction"), unless: (1) such Affiliate Transaction is on terms that are no less favorable to the Company or the relevant Restricted Subsidiary than those that would have been obtained in a comparable transaction by the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary with an unrelated Person; and (2) the Company delivers to the Trustee: (a) with respect to any Affiliate Transaction or series of related Affiliate Transactions involving aggregate consideration in excess of $1.0 million, a resolution of the Board of Directors set forth in an Officers' Certificate certifying that the Affiliate Transaction complies with clause (1) above and that the Affiliate Transaction has been approved by a majority of the disinterested members of the Board of Directors; and (b) with respect to any Affiliate Transaction or series of related Affiliate Transactions involving aggregate consideration in excess of $10.0 million, an opinion to the Holders of the Notes as to the fairness of the Affiliate Transaction from a financial point of view issued by an accounting, appraisal or investment banking firm of national standing. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the following items shall not be deemed Affiliate Transactions: (1) any employment arrangements with any executive officer of the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary that is entered into by the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries in the ordinary course of business and consistent with compensation arrangements of similarly situated executive officers at comparable companies engaged in Permitted Businesses; 54

(2) transactions between or among the Company and/or its Restricted Subsidiaries; (3) payment of directors fees in an aggregate annual amount not to exceed $25,000 per Person; (4) Restricted Payments that are permitted under Section 4.07 hereof; (5) the issuance or sale of Equity Interests (other than Disqualified Stock) of the Company; and (6) transactions pursuant to the provisions of the Governance Agreement, the Rights Agreement, the Stockholders' Agreement, the CTSH Shareholders' Agreement, the CTI Services Agreement, the CTI Operating Agreement and the Crown Transition Agreements, as the same are in effect on the date hereof. Section 4.12. Liens. The Company shall not, and shall not permit any of its Restricted Subsidiaries to, directly or indirectly, create, incur, assume or suffer to exist any Lien securing Indebtedness or trade payables on any asset now owned or hereafter acquired, or any income or profits therefrom or assign or convey any right to receive income therefrom, except Permitted Liens. Section 4.13. Business Activities. The Company shall not, and shall not permit any Subsidiary to, engage in any business other than Permitted Businesses, except to the extent as would not be material to the Company and its Subsidiaries taken as a whole. Section 4.14. Corporate Existence. Subject to Article 5 hereof, the Company shall do or cause to be done all things necessary to preserve and keep in full force and effect: (1) its corporate existence, and the corporate, partnership or other existence of each of its Subsidiaries, in accordance with the respective organizational documents (as the same may be amended from time to time) of the Company or any such Subsidiary and (2) the rights (charter and statutory), licenses and franchises of the Company and its Subsidiaries; provided, however, that the Company shall not be required to preserve any such right, license or franchise, or the corporate, partnership or other existence of any of its Subsidiaries, if the Board of Directors shall determine that the preservation thereof is no longer desirable in the conduct of the business of the Company and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, and that the loss thereof is not adverse in any material respect to the Holders of the Notes. Section 4.15. Offer to Repurchase Upon Change of Control. If a Change of Control occurs, the Company shall make an offer (a "Change of Control Offer") to each Holder to repurchase all or any part (equal to $1,000 or an integral multiple thereof) of each 55

Holder's Notes at a purchase price, in cash, equal to 101% of the Accreted Value of the Notes repurchased prior to the Full Accretion Date and 101% of the aggregate principal amount at maturity of the Notes repurchased after the Full Accretion Date, plus accrued and unpaid interest and Special Interest thereon, if any, (subject to the right of Holders of record on the relevant record date to receive interest due on the relevant interest payment date), to the date of purchase (the "Change of Control Payment"). Within 30 days following any Change of Control, the Company shall mail a notice to each Holder describing the transaction or transactions that constitute a change of control and stating: (1) that the Change of Control Offer is being made pursuant to this covenant and that all Notes tendered will be accepted for payment; (2) the purchase price and the purchase date, which shall be no earlier than 30 days and no later than 60 days from the date such notice is mailed (the "Change of Control Payment Date"); (3) that any Note not tendered will continue to accrete or accrue interest; (4) that, unless the Company defaults in the payment of the Change of Control Payment, all Notes accepted for payment pursuant to the Change of Control Offer shall cease to accrete or accrue interest after the Change of Control Payment Date; (5) that Holders electing to have any Notes purchased pursuant to a Change of Control Offer will be required to surrender the Notes, with the form entitled "Option of Holder to Elect Purchase" on the reverse of the Notes completed, to the Paying Agent at the address specified in the notice prior to the close of business on the third Business Day preceding the Change of Control Payment Date; (6) that Holders will be entitled to withdraw their election if the Paying Agent receives, not later than the close of business on the second Business Day preceding the Change of Control Payment Date, a telegram, telex, facsimile transmission or letter setting forth the name of the Holder, the principal amount at maturity of Notes delivered for purchase, and a statement that such Holder is withdrawing his election to have the Notes purchased; and (7) that Holders whose Notes are being purchased only in part will be issued new Notes equal in principal amount at maturity to the unpurchased portion of the Notes surrendered, which unpurchased portion must be equal to $1,000 in principal amount at maturity or an integral multiple thereof. On the Change of Control Payment Date, the Company shall, to the extent lawful, (1) accept for payment all Notes or portions of the Notes properly tendered pursuant to the Change of Control Offer; (2) deposit with the Paying Agent an amount equal to the Change of Control Payment in respect of all Notes or portions of the Notes so tendered; and 56

(3) deliver or cause to be delivered to the Trustee the Notes so accepted together with an Officers' Certificate stating the aggregate principal amount at maturity of Notes or portions thereof being purchased by the Company. The Paying Agent shall promptly mail to each Holder of Notes properly tendered payment in an amount equal to the purchase price for the Notes (the "Change of Control Payment"), and the Trustee shall promptly authenticate and mail (or cause to be transferred by book entry) to each Holder a new Note equal in principal amount at maturity to any unpurchased portion of the Notes surrendered by such Holder, if any; provided, that each such new Note shall be in a principal amount at maturity of $1,000 or an integral multiple thereof. The Company shall publicly announce the results of the Change of Control Offer on or as soon as practicable after the Change of Control Payment Date. The Change of Control provisions described above shall be applicable whether or not any other provisions of this Indenture are applicable. The Company shall comply with the requirements of Section 14(e) of the Exchange Act and any other securities laws or regulations to the extent those laws and regulations are applicable to any Change of Control Offer. If the provisions of any of the applicable securities laws or securities regulations conflict with the provisions of this Section 4.15, the Company shall comply with the applicable securities laws and regulations and shall not be deemed to have breached its obligations under this Section 4.15 by virtue of the compliance. The Company shall not be required to make a Change of Control Offer upon a Change of Control if a third party makes the Change of Control Offer in the manner, at the times and otherwise in compliance with the requirements set forth in this Indenture applicable to a Change of Control Offer made by the Company and purchases all Notes properly tendered and not withdrawn under such Change of Control Offer. The provisions under this Indenture relating to the Company's obligation to make an offer to repurchase the Notes as a result of a Change of Control may be waived or modified with the written consent of the Holders of a at least a majority in principal amount at maturity of the Notes then outstanding. Section 4.16. Sale and Leaseback Transactions. The Company shall not, and shall not permit any of its Restricted Subsidiaries to, enter into any sale and leaseback transaction; provided, however, that the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries may enter into a sale and leaseback transaction if: (1) the Company or such Restricted Subsidiary, as applicable, could have: (a) incurred Indebtedness in an amount equal to the Attributable Debt relating to such sale and leaseback transaction pursuant to the Debt to Adjusted Consolidated Cash Flow Ratio test set forth in the first paragraph of Section 4.09 hereof; or (b) incurred a Lien to secure such Indebtedness pursuant to the provisions of Section 4.12 hereof; (2) the gross cash proceeds of such sale and leaseback transaction are at least equal to the fair market value (as determined in good faith by the Board of Directors) of the property that is the subject of the sale and leaseback transaction; and (3) the transfer of assets in the sale and leaseback transaction is permitted by, and the Company applies the proceeds of such transaction in compliance with, Section 4.10 hereof. 57

Section 4.17. Limitation on Issuances and Sales of Capital Stock of Restricted Subsidiaries. The Company: (1) shall not, and shall not permit any of its Restricted Subsidiaries to, transfer, convey, sell, lease or otherwise dispose of any Equity Interests in any Restricted Subsidiary of the Company to any Person (other than the Company or a Wholly Owned Restricted Subsidiary of the Company); and (2) shall not permit any of its Restricted Subsidiaries to issue any of its Equity Interests (other than, if necessary, shares of its Capital Stock constituting directors' qualifying shares) to any Person other than to the Company or a Wholly Owned Restricted Subsidiary of the Company, unless, in each such case: (a) as a result of such transfer, conveyance, sale, lease or other disposition or issuance, such Restricted Subsidiary no longer constitutes a Subsidiary; and (b) the cash Net Proceeds from such transfer, conveyance, sale, lease or other disposition or issuance are applied in accordance with Section 4.10 hereof. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the issuance or sale of shares of Capital Stock of any Restricted Subsidiary of the Company will not violate the provisions of the immediately preceding sentence if such shares are issued or sold in connection with (x) the formation or capitalization of a Restricted Subsidiary or (y) a single transaction or a series of substantially contemporaneous transactions whereby such Restricted Subsidiary becomes a Restricted Subsidiary of the Company by reason of the acquisition of securities or assets from another Person. Section 4.18. Limitation on Issuances of Guarantees of Indebtedness. The Company shall not permit any Restricted Subsidiary, directly or indirectly, to Guarantee or pledge any assets to secure the payment of any other Indebtedness of the Company unless such Subsidiary simultaneously executes and delivers a supplemental indenture to this Indenture governing the Notes providing for the Guarantee of the payment of the Notes by such Subsidiary, which Guarantee shall be senior to or pari passu with such Subsidiary's Guarantee of or pledge to secure such other Indebtedness. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any Guarantee by a Subsidiary of the Notes shall provide by its terms that it shall be automatically and unconditionally released and discharged upon any sale, exchange or transfer, to any Person other than a Subsidiary of the Company, of all of the Company's stock in, or all or substantially all the assets of, such Subsidiary, which sale, exchange or transfer is made in compliance with the applicable provisions of this Indenture. The form of such Guarantee is attached as Exhibit C hereto. ARTICLE 5 SUCCESSORS Section 5.01. Merger, Consolidation, or Sale of Assets. The Company shall not: 58

(1) consolidate or merge with or into (whether or not the Company is the surviving corporation); or (2) sell, assign, transfer, lease, convey or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of its properties or assets in one or more related transactions, to another corporation, Person or entity, unless: (a) either (A) the Company is the surviving corporation; or (B) the entity or the Person formed by or surviving any such consolidation or merger (if other than the Company) or to which the sale, assignment, transfer, lease, conveyance or other disposition shall have been made is a corporation organized or existing under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia; (b) the entity or Person formed by or surviving any such consolidation or merger (if other than the Company) or the entity or Person to which the sale, assignment, transfer, lease, conveyance or other disposition shall have been made assumes all the Obligations of the Company under the Notes and this Indenture pursuant to a supplemental indenture in a form reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee; (c) immediately after such transaction no Default exists; and (d) except in the case of (A) a merger of the Company with or into a Wholly Owned Restricted Subsidiary of the Company and (B) a merger entered into solely for the purpose of reincorporating the Company in another jurisdiction: (x) in the case of a merger or consolidation in which the Company is the surviving corporation, the Company's Debt to Adjusted Consolidated Cash Flow Ratio at the time of the transaction, after giving pro forma effect to the transaction as of such date for balance sheet purposes and as if the transaction had occurred at the beginning of the most recently ended four full fiscal quarter period of the Company for which internal financial statements are available for income statement purposes, would have been less than the Company's Debt to Adjusted Consolidated Cash Flow Ratio for the same period without giving pro forma effect to such transaction, or (y) in the case of any other such transaction, the Debt to Adjusted Consolidated Cash Flow of the entity or Person formed by or surviving any such consolidation or merger (if other than the Company), or to which the sale, assignment, transfer, lease, conveyance or other disposition shall have been made, at the time of the transaction, after giving pro forma effect to the transaction as of such date for balance sheet purposes and as if such transaction had occurred at the beginning of the most recently ended four full fiscal quarter period of such entity or Person for which internal financial statements are available for income statement purposes, would have been less than the Company's Debt to Adjusted Consolidated Cash Flow Ratio for the same period without giving pro forma effect to such transaction; provided that for purposes of determining the Debt to Adjusted Consolidated Cash Flow Ratio of any entity or Person for purposes of this clause (d) the entity or Person will be substituted for the Company in the definition of Debt to Adjusted Consolidated Cash Flow Ratio and the defined terms included therein under Section 4.09 hereof. Section 5.02. Successor Corporation Substituted. Upon any consolidation or merger, or any sale, assignment, transfer, lease, conveyance or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company in accordance with Section 5.01 hereof, the successor corporation formed by such consolidation or into or with which the Company is 59

merged or to which such sale, assignment, transfer, lease, conveyance or other disposition is made shall succeed to, and be substituted for (so that from and after the date of such consolidation, merger, sale, lease, conveyance or other disposition, the provisions of this Indenture referring to the "Company" shall refer instead to the successor corporation and not to the Company), and may exercise every right and power of the Company under this Indenture with the same effect as if such successor Person had been named as the Company herein; provided, however, that the predecessor Company shall not be relieved from the obligation to pay the principal of and interest on the Notes except in the case of a sale of all of the Company's assets that meets the requirements of Section 5.01 hereof. ARTICLE 6 DEFAULTS AND REMEDIES Section 6.01. Events of Default. Each of the following constitutes an Event of Default: (1) default for 30 days in the payment when due of interest on the Notes; (2) default in payment when due of the principal of or premium or Special Interest, if any, on the Notes; (3) failure by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries to comply with the provisions described under Article 5 hereof or failure by CCIC to consummate a Change of Control Offer or Asset Sale Offer in accordance with the provisions of this Indenture; (4) failure by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries for 30 days after notice by the Trustee or the Holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount at maturity of the Notes then outstanding voting as a single class, to comply with any of its other agreements in the Indenture or the Notes; (5) default under any mortgage, indenture or instrument under which there may be issued or by which there may be secured or evidenced any Indebtedness for money borrowed by the Company or any of its Significant Subsidiaries (or the payment of which is guaranteed by the Company or any of its Significant Subsidiaries) whether such Indebtedness or guarantee now exists, or is created after the date of this Indenture, which default: (a) is caused by a failure to pay principal of or premium or Special Interest, if any, or interest on the Indebtedness prior to the expiration of the grace period provided in such Indebtedness on the date of the default (a "Payment Default"); or (b) results in the acceleration of the Indebtedness prior to its express maturity and, in each case, the principal amount of any such Indebtedness, together with the principal amount of any other such Indebtedness under which there has been a Payment Default or the maturity of which has been so accelerated, aggregates $20.0 million or more; (6) failure by the Company or any of its Significant Subsidiaries to pay final judgments aggregating in excess of $20.0 million, which judgments are not paid, discharged or stayed for a period of 60 days; or (7) the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries pursuant to or within the meaning of Bankruptcy Law: 60

(a) commences a voluntary case, (b) consents to the entry of an order for relief against it in an involuntary case, (c) consents to the appointment of a Custodian of it or for all or substantially all of its property, (d) makes a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors, or (e) generally is not paying its debts as they become due; or (8) a court of competent jurisdiction enters an order or decree under any Bankruptcy Law that: (a) is for relief against the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries in an involuntary case; (b) appoints a Custodian of the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries or for all or substantially all of the property of the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries; or (c) orders the liquidation of the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries; and the order or decree remains unstayed and in effect for 60 consecutive days. Section 6.02. Acceleration. If any Event of Default occurs and is continuing, the Trustee or the Holders of at least 25% in principal amount at maturity of the then outstanding Notes may declare all the Notes to be due and payable immediately. Upon any such declaration, the principal of, and accrued and unpaid interest if any, on such Notes shall become due and payable immediately. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if an Event of Default specified in clause (7) or (8) of Section 6.01 hereof occurs with respect to the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries, all outstanding Notes shall be due and payable immediately without further action or notice. The Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount at maturity of the then outstanding Notes by written notice to the Trustee may on behalf of all of the Holders rescind an acceleration and its consequences if the rescission would not conflict with any judgment or decree and if all existing Events of Default (except nonpayment of principal, interest or premium that has become due solely because of the acceleration) have been cured or waived. Section 6.03. Other Remedies. If an Event of Default occurs and is continuing, the Trustee may pursue any available remedy to collect the payment of principal of, premium or Special Interest, if any, and interest on the Notes or to enforce the performance of any provision of the Notes or this Indenture. The Trustee may maintain a proceeding even if it does not possess any of the Notes or does not produce any of them in the proceeding. A delay or omission by the Trustee or any Holder of a Note in exercising any right or remedy accruing upon an Event of Default shall not impair the right or remedy or 61

constitute a waiver of or acquiescence in the Event of Default. All remedies are cumulative to the extent permitted by law. Section 6.04. Waiver of Past Defaults. Holders of not less than a majority in aggregate principal amount at maturity of the then outstanding Notes by notice to the Trustee may on behalf of the Holders of all of the Notes waive an existing Default or Event of Default and its consequences hereunder, except a continuing Default or Event of Default in the payment of the principal of, premium or Special Interest, if any, or interest on, the Notes (including in connection with an offer to purchase) (provided, however, that the Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount at maturity of the then outstanding Notes may rescind an acceleration and its consequences, including any related payment default that resulted from such acceleration). Upon any such waiver, such Default shall cease to exist, and any Event of Default arising therefrom shall be deemed to have been cured for every purpose of this Indenture; but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or other Default or impair any right consequent thereon. Section 6.05. Control by Majority. Holders of a majority in principal amount at maturity of the then outstanding Notes may direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for exercising any remedy available to the Trustee or exercising any trust or power conferred on it. However, the Trustee may refuse to follow any direction that conflicts with law or this Indenture that the Trustee determines may be unduly prejudicial to the rights of other Holders of Notes or that may involve the Trustee in personal liability. Section 6.06. Limitation on Suits. A Holder of a Note may pursue a remedy with respect to this Indenture or the Notes only if: (1) the Holder of a Note gives to the Trustee written notice of a continuing Event of Default; (2) the Holders of at least 25% in principal amount at maturity of the then outstanding Notes make a written request to the Trustee to pursue the remedy; (3) such Holder of a Note or Holders of Notes offer and, if requested, provide to the Trustee indemnity satisfactory to the Trustee against any loss, liability or expense; (4) the Trustee does not comply with the request within 60 days after receipt of the request and the offer and, if requested, the provision of indemnity; and (5) during such 60-day period the Holders of a majority in principal amount at maturity of the then outstanding Notes do not give the Trustee a direction inconsistent with the request. A Holder of a Note may not use this Indenture to prejudice the rights of another Holder of a Note or to obtain a preference or priority over another Holder of a Note. 62

Section 6.07. Rights of Holders of Notes to Receive Payment. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Indenture, the right of any Holder of a Note to receive payment of principal of, premium and Special Interest, if any, and interest on the Note, on or after the respective due dates expressed in the Note (including in connection with an offer to purchase), or to bring suit for the enforcement of any such payment on or after such respective dates, shall not be impaired or affected without the consent of such Holder. Section 6.08. Collection Suit by Trustee. If an Event of Default specified in Section 6.01(a) or (b) occurs and is continuing, the Trustee is authorized to recover judgment in its own name and as trustee of an express trust against the Company for the whole amount of principal of, premium or Special Interest, if any, and interest remaining unpaid on the Notes and interest on overdue principal and, to the extent lawful, interest and such further amount as shall be sufficient to cover the costs and expenses of collection, including the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel. Section 6.09. Trustee May File Proofs of Claim. The Trustee is authorized to file such proofs of claim and other papers or documents as may be necessary or advisable in order to have the claims of the Trustee (including any claim for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel) and the Holders of the Notes allowed in any judicial proceedings relative to the Company (or any other obligor upon the Notes), its creditors or its property and shall be entitled and empowered to collect, receive and distribute any money or other property payable or deliverable on any such claims and any Custodian in any such judicial proceeding is hereby authorized by each Holder to make such payments to the Trustee, and in the event that the Trustee shall consent to the making of such payments directly to the Holders, to pay to the Trustee any amount due to it for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, and any other amounts due the Trustee under Section 7.07 hereof. To the extent that the payment of any such compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, and any other amounts due the Trustee under Section 7.07 hereof out of the estate in any such proceeding, shall be denied for any reason, payment of the same shall be secured by a Lien on, and shall be paid out of, any and all distributions, dividends, money, securities and other properties that the Holders may be entitled to receive in such proceeding whether in liquidation or under any plan of reorganization or arrangement or otherwise. Nothing herein contained shall be deemed to authorize the Trustee to authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Holder any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the Notes or the rights of any Holder, or to authorize the Trustee to vote in respect of the claim of any Holder in any such proceeding. Section 6.10. Priorities. If the Trustee collects any money pursuant to this Article, it shall pay out the money in the following order: First: to the Trustee, its agents and attorneys for amounts due under Section 7.07 hereof, including payment of all compensation, expense and liabilities incurred, and all advances made, by the Trustee and the costs and expenses of collection; 63

Second: to Holders of Notes for amounts due and unpaid on the Notes for principal, premium and Special Interest, if any, and interest, ratably, without preference or priority of any kind, according to the amounts due and payable on the Notes for principal, premium and Special Interest, if any and interest, respectively; and Third: to the Company or to such party as a court of competent jurisdiction shall direct. The Trustee may fix a record date and payment date for any payment to Holders of Notes pursuant to this Section 6.10. Section 6.11. Undertaking for Costs. In any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under this Indenture or in any suit against the Trustee for any action taken or omitted by it as a Trustee, a court in its discretion may require the filing by any party litigant in the suit of an undertaking to pay the costs of the suit, and the court in its discretion may assess reasonable costs, including reasonable attorneys' fees, against any party litigant in the suit, having due regard to the merits and good faith of the claims or defenses made by the party litigant. This Section does not apply to a suit by the Trustee, a suit by a Holder of a Note pursuant to Section 6.07 hereof, or a suit by Holders of more than 10% in principal amount at maturity of the then outstanding Notes. ARTICLE 7 TRUSTEE Section 7.01. Duties of Trustee. (a) If an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the Trustee shall exercise such of the rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture, and use the same degree of care and skill in its exercise, as a prudent person would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct of such person's own affairs. (b) Except during the continuance of an Event of Default: (i) the duties of the Trustee shall be determined solely by the express provisions of this Indenture and the Trustee need perform only those duties that are specifically set forth in this Indenture and no others, and no implied covenants or obligations shall be read into this Indenture against the Trustee; and (ii) in the absence of bad faith on its part, the Trustee may conclusively rely, as to the truth of the statements and the correctness of the opinions expressed therein, upon certificates or opinions furnished to the Trustee and conforming to the requirements of this Indenture. However, the Trustee shall examine the certificates and opinions to determine whether or not they conform to the requirements of this Indenture. (c) The Trustee may not be relieved from liabilities for its own negligent action, its own negligent failure to act, or its own willful misconduct, except that: 64

(i) this paragraph does not limit the effect of paragraph (b) of this Section; (ii) the Trustee shall not be liable for any error of judgment made in good faith by a Responsible Officer, unless it is proved that the Trustee was negligent in ascertaining the pertinent facts; and (iii) the Trustee shall not be liable with respect to any action it takes or omits to take in good faith in accordance with a direction received by it pursuant to Section 6.05 hereof. (d) Whether or not therein expressly so provided, every provision of this Indenture that in any way relates to the Trustee is subject to paragraphs (a), (b), and (c) of this Section. (e) No provision of this Indenture shall require the Trustee to expend or risk its own funds or incur any liability. The Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any of its rights and powers under this Indenture at the request of any Holders, unless such Holder shall have offered to the Trustee security and indemnity satisfactory to it against any loss, liability or expense. (f) The Trustee shall not be liable for interest on any money received by it except as the Trustee may agree in writing with the Company. Money held in trust by the Trustee need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law. Section 7.02. Rights of Trustee. (a) The Trustee may conclusively rely upon any document believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper Person. The Trustee need not investigate any fact or matter stated in the document. (b) Before the Trustee acts or refrains from acting, it may require an Officers' Certificate or an Opinion of Counsel or both. The Trustee shall not be liable for any action it takes or omits to take in good faith in reliance on such Officers' Certificate or Opinion of Counsel. The Trustee may consult with counsel and the written and oral advice of such counsel or any Opinion of Counsel shall be full and complete authorization and protection from liability in respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted by it hereunder in good faith and in reliance thereon. (c) The Trustee may act through its attorneys and agents and shall not be responsible for the misconduct or negligence of any agent appointed with due care. (d) The Trustee shall not be liable for any action it takes or omits to take in good faith that it believes to be authorized or within the rights or powers conferred upon it by this Indenture. (e) Unless otherwise specifically provided in this Indenture, any demand, request, direction or notice from the Company shall be sufficient if signed by an Officer of the Company. (f) The Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any of the rights or powers vested in it by this Indenture at the request or direction of any of the Holders unless such Holders shall have offered to the Trustee reasonable security or indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities that might be incurred by it in compliance with such request or direction. 65

Section 7.03. Individual Rights of Trustee. The Trustee in its individual or any other capacity may become the owner or pledgee of Notes and may otherwise deal with the Company or any Affiliate of the Company with the same rights it would have if it were not Trustee. However, in the event that the Trustee acquires any conflicting interest it must eliminate such conflict within 90 days, apply to the SEC for permission to continue as trustee or resign. Any Agent may do the same with like rights and duties. The Trustee is also subject to Sections 7.10 and 7.11 hereof. Section 7.04. Trustee's Disclaimer. The Trustee shall not be responsible for and makes no representation as to the validity or adequacy of this Indenture or the Notes, it shall not be accountable for the Company's use of the proceeds from the Notes or any money paid to the Company or upon the Company's direction under any provision of this Indenture, it shall not be responsible for the use or application of any money received by any Paying Agent other than the Trustee, and it shall not be responsible for any statement or recital herein or any statement in the Notes or any other document in connection with the sale of the Notes or pursuant to this Indenture other than its certificate of authentication. Section 7.05. Notice of Defaults. If a Default or Event of Default occurs and is continuing and if it is known to the Trustee, the Trustee shall mail to Holders of Notes a notice of the Default or Event of Default within 90 days after it occurs. Except in the case of a Default or Event of Default in payment of principal of, premium and Special Interest, if any, or interest on any Note, the Trustee may withhold the notice if and so long as a committee of its Responsible Officers in good faith determines that withholding the notice is in the interests of the Holders of the Notes. Section 7.06. Reports by Trustee to Holders of the Notes. Within 60 days after each August 1 beginning with the August 1 following the date of this Indenture, and for so long as Notes remain outstanding, the Trustee shall mail to the Holders of the Notes a brief report dated as of such reporting date that complies with TIA (S) 313(a) (but if no event described in TIA (S) 313(a) has occurred within the twelve months preceding the reporting date, no report need be transmitted). The Trustee also shall comply with TIA (S) 313(b). The Trustee shall also transmit by mail all reports as required by TIA (S) 313(c). A copy of each report at the time of its mailing to the Holders of Notes shall be mailed to the Company and filed with the SEC and each stock exchange on which the Notes are listed in accordance with TIA (S) 313(d). The Company shall promptly notify the Trustee when the Notes are listed on any stock exchange. Section 7.07. Compensation and Indemnity. The Company shall pay to the Trustee from time to time reasonable compensation for its acceptance of this Indenture and services hereunder. The Trustee's compensation shall not be limited by any law on compensation of a trustee of an express trust. The Company shall reimburse the Trustee promptly upon request for all reasonable disbursements, advances and expenses incurred or made by it in 66

addition to the compensation for its services. Such expenses shall include the reasonable compensation, disbursements and expenses of the Trustee's agents and counsel. The Company shall indemnify the Trustee against any and all losses, liabilities or expenses incurred by it arising out of or in connection with the acceptance or administration of its duties under this Indenture, including the costs and expenses of enforcing this Indenture against the Company (including this Section 7.07) and defending itself against any claim (whether asserted by the Company or any Holder or any other person) or liability in connection with the exercise or performance of any of its powers or duties hereunder, except to the extent any such loss, liability or expense may be attributable to its negligence or bad faith. The Trustee shall notify the Company promptly of any claim for which it may seek indemnity. Failure by the Trustee to so notify the Company shall not relieve the Company of its obligations hereunder. The Company shall defend the claim and the Trustee shall cooperate in the defense. The Trustee may have separate counsel and the Company shall pay the reasonable fees and expenses of such counsel. The Company need not pay for any settlement made without its consent, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld. The obligations of the Company under this Section 7.07 shall survive the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture. To secure the Company's payment obligations in this Section, the Trustee shall have a Lien prior to the Notes on all money or property held or collected by the Trustee, except that held in trust to pay principal and interest on particular Notes. Such Lien shall survive the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture. When the Trustee incurs expenses or renders services after an Event of Default specified in Section 6.01(g) or (h) hereof occurs, the expenses and the compensation for the services (including the fees and expenses of its agents and counsel) are intended to constitute expenses of administration under any Bankruptcy Law. The Trustee shall comply with the provisions of TIA (S) 313(b)(2) to the extent applicable. Section 7.08. Replacement of Trustee. A resignation or removal of the Trustee and appointment of a successor Trustee shall become effective only upon the successor Trustee's acceptance of appointment as provided in this Section. The Trustee may resign in writing at any time and be discharged from the trust hereby created by so notifying the Company. The Holders of a majority in principal amount at maturity of the then outstanding Notes may remove the Trustee by so notifying the Trustee and the Company in writing. The Company may remove the Trustee if: (a) the Trustee fails to comply with Section 7.10 hereof; (b) the Trustee is adjudged a bankrupt or an insolvent or an order for relief is entered with respect to the Trustee under any Bankruptcy Law; (c) a Custodian or public officer takes charge of the Trustee or its property; or 67

(d) the Trustee becomes incapable of acting. If the Trustee resigns or is removed or if a vacancy exists in the office of Trustee for any reason, the Company shall promptly appoint a successor Trustee. Within one year after the successor Trustee takes office, the Holders of a majority in principal amount at maturity of the then outstanding Notes may appoint a successor Trustee to replace the successor Trustee appointed by the Company. If a successor Trustee does not take office within 60 days after the retiring Trustee resigns or is removed, the retiring Trustee, the Company, or the Holders of at least 10% in principal amount at maturity of the then outstanding Notes may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee. If the Trustee, after written request by any Holder who has been a Holder for at least six months, fails to comply with Section 7.10, such Holder may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the removal of the Trustee and the appointment of a successor Trustee. A successor Trustee shall deliver a written acceptance of its appointment to the retiring Trustee and to the Company. Thereupon, the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective, and the successor Trustee shall have all the rights, powers and duties of the Trustee under this Indenture. The successor Trustee shall mail a notice of its succession to Holders. The retiring Trustee shall promptly transfer all property held by it as Trustee to the successor Trustee, provided all sums owing to the Trustee hereunder have been paid and subject to the Lien provided for in Section 7.07 hereof. Notwithstanding replacement of the Trustee pursuant to this Section 7.08, the Company's obligations under Section 7.07 hereof shall continue for the benefit of the retiring Trustee. Section 7.09. Successor Trustee by Merger, etc. If the Trustee consolidates, merges or converts into, or transfers all or substantially all of its corporate trust business to, another corporation, the successor corporation without any further act shall be the successor Trustee. Section 7.10. Eligibility; Disqualification. There shall at all times be a Trustee hereunder that is a corporation organized and doing business under the laws of the United States of America or of any state thereof that is authorized under such laws to exercise corporate trustee power, that is subject to supervision or examination by federal or state authorities and that has a combined capital and surplus of at least $75 million as set forth in its most recent published annual report of condition. This Indenture shall always have a Trustee who satisfies the requirements of TIA (S) 310(a)(1), (2) and (5). The Trustee is subject to TIA (S) 310(b). Section 7.11. Preferential Collection of Claims Against Company. The Trustee is subject to TIA (S) 311(a), excluding any creditor relationship listed in TIA (S) 311(b). A Trustee who has resigned or been removed shall be subject to TIA (S) 311(a) to the extent indicated therein. 68

ARTICLE 8 LEGAL DEFEASANCE AND COVENANT DEFEASANCE Section 8.01. Option to Effect Legal Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance. The Company may, at the option of its Board of Directors evidenced by a resolution set forth in an Officers' Certificate, at any time, elect to have either Section 8.02 or 8.03 hereof be applied to all outstanding Notes upon compliance with the conditions set forth below in this Article Eight. Section 8.02. Legal Defeasance and Discharge. Upon the Company's exercise under Section 8.01 hereof of the option applicable to this Section 8.02, the Company shall, subject to the satisfaction of the conditions set forth in Section 8.04 hereof, be deemed to have been discharged from its obligations with respect to all outstanding Notes on the date the conditions set forth below are satisfied (hereinafter, "Legal Defeasance"). For this purpose, Legal Defeasance means that the Company shall be deemed to have paid and discharged the entire Indebtedness represented by the outstanding Notes, which shall thereafter be deemed to be "outstanding" only for the purposes of Section 8.05 hereof and the other Sections of this Indenture referred to in (1) and (2) below, and to have satisfied all its other obligations under such Notes and this Indenture (and the Trustee, on demand of and at the expense of the Company, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging the same), except for the following provisions which shall survive until otherwise terminated or discharged hereunder: (1) the rights of Holders of outstanding Notes to receive solely from the trust fund described in Section 8.04 hereof, and as more fully set forth in such Section, payments in respect of the principal of, premium and Special Interest, if any, and interest on such Notes when such payments are due; (2) the Company's obligations with respect to such Notes under Article 2 and Section 4.02 hereof; (3) the rights, powers, trusts, duties and immunities of the Trustee hereunder and the Company's obligations in connection therewith; and (4) this Article Eight. Subject to compliance with this Article Eight, the Company may exercise its option under this Section 8.02 notwithstanding the prior exercise of its option under Section 8.03 hereof. Section 8.03. Covenant Defeasance. Upon the Company's exercise under Section 8.01 hereof of the option applicable to this Section 8.03, the Company shall, subject to the satisfaction of the conditions set forth in Section 8.04 hereof, be released from its obligations under the covenants contained in Sections 4.07, 4.08, 4.09, 4.10, 4.11, 4.12, 4.13, 4.15, 4.16, 4.17 and 4.18 hereof and clause (4) of Section 5.01 hereof with respect to the outstanding Notes on and after the date the conditions set forth in Section 8.04 are satisfied (hereinafter, "Covenant Defeasance"), and the Notes shall thereafter be deemed not "outstanding" for the purposes of any direction, waiver, consent or declaration or act of Holders (and the consequences of any thereof) in connection with such covenants, but shall continue to be deemed "outstanding" for all other purposes 69

hereunder (it being understood that such Notes shall not be deemed outstanding for accounting purposes). For this purpose, Covenant Defeasance means that, with respect to the outstanding Notes, the Company may omit to comply with and shall have no liability in respect of any term, condition or limitation set forth in any such covenant, whether directly or indirectly, by reason of any reference elsewhere herein to any such covenant or by reason of any reference in any such covenant to any other provision herein or in any other document and such omission to comply shall not constitute a Default or an Event of Default under Section 6.01 hereof, but, except as specified above, the remainder of this Indenture and such Notes shall be unaffected thereby. In addition, upon the Company's exercise under Section 8.01 hereof of the option applicable to this Section 8.03 hereof, subject to the satisfaction of the conditions set forth in Section 8.04 hereof, Sections 6.01(3) through 6.01(6) hereof shall not constitute Events of Default. Section 8.04. Conditions to Legal or Covenant Defeasance. The following shall be the conditions to the application of either Section 8.02 or 8.03 hereof to the outstanding Notes: In order to exercise either Legal Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance: (1) the Company must irrevocably deposit with the Trustee, in trust, for the benefit of the Holders, cash in United States dollars, non-callable Government Securities, or a combination thereof, in such amounts as will be sufficient, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants, to pay the principal of, premium and Special Interest, if any, and interest on the outstanding Notes on the stated date for payment thereof or on the applicable redemption date, as the case may be; (2) in the case of an election under Section 8.02 hereof, the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel in the United States reasonably acceptable to the Trustee confirming that: (a) the Company has received from, or there has been published by, the Internal Revenue Service a ruling; or (b) since the date of this Indenture, there has been a change in the applicable federal income tax law, in either case to the effect that, and based thereon such Opinion of Counsel shall confirm that, the Holders of the outstanding Notes will not recognize income, gain or loss for federal income tax purposes as a result of such Legal Defeasance and will be subject to federal income tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such Legal Defeasance had not occurred; (3) in the case of an election under Section 8.03 hereof, the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel in the United States reasonably acceptable to the Trustee confirming that the Holders of the outstanding Notes will not recognize income, gain or loss for federal income tax purposes as a result of such Covenant Defeasance and will be subject to federal income tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such Covenant Defeasance had not occurred; (4) no Default or Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing either: 70

(a) on the date of such deposit (other than a Default or Event of Default resulting from the borrowing of funds to be applied to such deposit); or (b) insofar as Sections 6.01(7) or 6.01(8) hereof are concerned, at any time in the period ending on the 91st day after the date of deposit; (5) such Legal Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance shall not result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, any material agreement or instrument (other than this Indenture) to which the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries is a party or by which the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries is bound; (6) the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that on the 91st day following the deposit, the trust funds will not be subject to the effect of any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or similar laws affecting creditors' rights generally; (7) the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate stating that the deposit was not made by the Company with the intent of preferring the Holders over any other creditors of the Company or with the intent of defeating, hindering, delaying or defrauding any other creditors of the Company or others; and (8) the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers' Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent provided for or relating to the Legal Defeasance or the Covenant Defeasance have been complied with. Section 8.05. Deposited Money and Government Securities to be Held in Trust; Other Miscellaneous Provisions. Subject to Section 8.06 hereof, all money and non-callable Government Securities (including the proceeds thereof) deposited with the Trustee (or other qualifying trustee, collectively for purposes of this Section 8.05, the "Trustee") pursuant to Section 8.04 hereof in respect of the outstanding Notes shall be held in trust and applied by the Trustee, in accordance with the provisions of such Notes and this Indenture, to the payment, either directly or through any Paying Agent (including the Company acting as Paying Agent) as the Trustee may determine, to the Holders of such Notes of all sums due and to become due thereon in respect of principal, premium and Special Interest, if any, and interest, but such money need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law. The Company shall pay and indemnify the Trustee against any tax, fee or other charge imposed on or assessed against the cash or non-callable Government Securities deposited pursuant to Section 8.04 hereof or the principal and interest received in respect thereof other than any such tax, fee or other charge which by law is for the account of the Holders of the outstanding Notes. Anything in this Article Eight to the contrary notwithstanding, the Trustee shall deliver or pay to the Company from time to time upon the request of the Company any money or non-callable Government Securities held by it as provided in Section 8.04 hereof which, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee (which may be the opinion delivered under Section 8.04(a) hereof), are in excess of the amount thereof that would then be required to be deposited to effect an equivalent Legal Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance. 71

Section 8.06. Repayment to Company. Any money deposited with the Trustee or any Paying Agent, or then held by the Company, in trust for the payment of the principal of, premium and Special Interest, if any, or interest on any Note and remaining unclaimed for two years after such principal, and premium and Special Interest, if any, or interest has become due and payable shall be paid to the Company on its request or (if then held by the Company) shall be discharged from such trust; and the Holder of such Note shall thereafter look only to the Company for payment thereof, and all liability of the Trustee or such Paying Agent with respect to such trust money, and all liability of the Company as trustee thereof, shall thereupon cease; provided, however, that the Trustee or such Paying Agent, before being required to make any such repayment, may at the expense of the Company cause to be published once, in the New York Times and The Wall Street Journal (national edition), notice that such money remains unclaimed and that, after a date specified therein, which shall not be less than 30 days from the date of such notification or publication, any unclaimed balance of such money then remaining will be repaid to the Company. Section 8.07. Reinstatement. If the Trustee or Paying Agent is unable to apply any United States dollars or non-callable Government Securities in accordance with Section 8.02 or 8.03 hereof, as the case may be, by reason of any order or judgment of any court or governmental authority enjoining, restraining or otherwise prohibiting such application, then the Company's obligations under this Indenture and the Notes shall be revived and reinstated as though no deposit had occurred pursuant to Section 8.02 or 8.03 hereof until such time as the Trustee or Paying Agent is permitted to apply all such money in accordance with Section 8.02 or 8.03 hereof, as the case may be; provided, however, that, if the Company makes any payment of principal of, premium or Special Interest, if any, or interest on any Note following the reinstatement of its obligations, the Company shall be subrogated to the rights of the Holders of such Notes to receive such payment from the money held by the Trustee or Paying Agent. ARTICLE 9 AMENDMENT, SUPPLEMENT AND WAIVER Section 9.01. Without Consent of Holders of Notes. Notwithstanding Section 9.02 of this Indenture, the Company and the Trustee may amend or supplement this Indenture or the Notes without the consent of any Holder of Notes: (1) to cure any ambiguity, defect or inconsistency; (2) to provide for uncertificated Notes in addition to or in place of certificated Notes or to alter the provisions of Article 2 hereof (including the related definitions) in a manner that does not materially adversely affect any Holder; (3) to provide for the assumption of the Company's obligations to the Holders of the Notes by a successor to the Company pursuant to Article 5 hereof; (4) to make any change that would provide any additional rights or benefits to the Holders of the Notes or that does not adversely affect the legal rights hereunder of any Holder of Notes; 72

(5) to comply with requirements of the SEC in order to effect or maintain the qualification of this Indenture under the TIA; (6) to provide for the issuance of the Additional Notes in accordance with the limitations set forth in this Indenture as of the date hereof. Upon the request of the Company accompanied by a resolution of its Board of Directors authorizing the execution of any such amended or supplemental Indenture, and upon receipt by the Trustee of the documents described in Section 7.02 hereof, the Trustee shall join with the Company in the execution of any amended or supplemental Indenture authorized or permitted by the terms of this Indenture and to make any further appropriate agreements and stipulations that may be therein contained, but the Trustee shall not be obligated to enter into such amended or supplemental Indenture that affects its own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture or otherwise. Section 9.02. With Consent of Holders of Notes. Except as provided below in this Section 9.02, the Company and the Trustee may amend or supplement this Indenture (including Section 3.09, 4.10 and 4.15 hereof) and the Notes with the consent of the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount at maturity of the Notes then outstanding, voting as a single class, (including, without limitation, consents obtained in connection with a tender offer or exchange offer for, or purchase of, the Notes), and, subject to Sections 6.04 and 6.07 hereof, any existing Default or Event of Default (other than a Default or Event of Default in the payment of the principal of, premium, Special Interest, if any, or interest on the Notes, except a payment default resulting from an acceleration that has been rescinded) or compliance with any provision of this Indenture or the Notes may be waived with the consent of the Holders of a majority in principal amount at maturity of the then outstanding Notes, voting as a single class, (including consents obtained in connection with a tender offer or exchange offer for, or purchase of, the Notes). Section 2.08 hereof shall determine which Notes are considered to be "outstanding" for purposes of this Section 9.02. Upon the request of the Company accompanied by a resolution of its Board of Directors authorizing the execution of any such amended or supplemental Indenture, and upon the filing with the Trustee of evidence satisfactory to the Trustee of the consent of the Holders of Notes as aforesaid, and upon receipt by the Trustee of the documents described in Section 7.02 hereof, the Trustee shall join with the Company in the execution of such amended or supplemental Indenture unless such amended or supplemental Indenture directly affects the Trustee's own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture or otherwise, in which case the Trustee may in its discretion, but shall not be obligated to, enter into such amended or supplemental Indenture. It shall not be necessary for the consent of the Holders of Notes under this Section 9.02 to approve the particular form of any proposed amendment or waiver, but it shall be sufficient if such consent approves the substance thereof. After an amendment, supplement or waiver under this Section becomes effective, the Company shall mail to the Holders of Notes affected thereby a notice briefly describing the amendment, supplement or waiver. Any failure of the Company to mail such notice, or any defect therein, shall not, however, in any way impair or affect the validity of any such amended or supplemental Indenture or waiver. Subject to Sections 6.04 and 6.07 hereof, the Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount at maturity of the Notes then outstanding, voting as a single class, may waive compliance in a 73

particular instance by the Company with any provision of this Indenture or the Notes. However, without the consent of each Holder affected, an amendment or waiver under this Section 9.02 may not (with respect to any Notes held by a non- consenting Holder): (1) reduce the principal amount at maturity of Notes whose Holders must consent to an amendment, supplement or waiver; (2) reduce the principal of or change the fixed maturity of any Note or alter or waive any of the provisions with respect to the redemption of the Notes, except as provided above with respect to Sections 3.09, 4.10 and 4.15 hereof; (3) reduce the rate of or change the time for payment of interest, including default interest, on any Note; (4) waive a Default or Event of Default in the payment of principal of or premium or Special Interest, if any, or interest on the Notes (except a rescission of acceleration of the Notes by the Holders of at least a majority in aggregate principal amount at maturity of the then outstanding Notes and a waiver of the payment default that resulted from such acceleration); (5) make any Note payable in money other than that stated in the Notes; (6) make any change in the provisions of this Indenture relating to waivers of past Defaults or the rights of Holders of Notes to receive payments of principal of, or premium or Special Interest, if any, or interest on the Notes; (7) waive a redemption payment (but not any payment pursuant to Sections 3.09, 4.10 or 4.15 hereof) with respect to any Note; (8) except as provided under Article Eight hereof or in accordance with the terms of any Note Guarantee, release any Guarantor from any of its obligations under its Note Guarantee or make any change in a Note Guarantee that would adversely affect the Holders of the Notes; or (9) make any change in Section 6.04 or 6.07 hereof or in the foregoing amendment and waiver provisions. Section 9.03. Compliance with Trust Indenture Act. Every amendment or supplement to this Indenture or the Notes shall be set forth in a amended or supplemental Indenture that complies with the TIA as then in effect. Section 9.04. Revocation and Effect of Consents. Until an amendment, supplement or waiver becomes effective, a consent to it by a Holder of a Note is a continuing consent by the Holder of a Note and every subsequent Holder of a Note or portion of a Note that evidences the same debt as the consenting Holder's Note, even if notation of the consent is not made on any Note. However, any such Holder of a Note or subsequent Holder of a Note may revoke the consent as to its Note if the Trustee receives written notice of revocation before the date the waiver, 74

supplement or amendment becomes effective. An amendment, supplement or waiver becomes effective in accordance with its terms and thereafter binds every Holder. Section 9.05. Notation on or Exchange of Notes. The Trustee may place an appropriate notation about an amendment, supplement or waiver on any Note thereafter authenticated. The Company in exchange for all Notes may issue and the Trustee shall, upon receipt of an Authentication Order, authenticate new Notes that reflect the amendment, supplement or waiver. Failure to make the appropriate notation or issue a new Note shall not affect the validity and effect of such amendment, supplement or waiver. Section 9.06. Trustee to Sign Amendments, etc. The Trustee shall sign any amended or supplemental Indenture authorized pursuant to this Article Nine if the amendment or supplement does not adversely affect the rights, duties, liabilities or immunities of the Trustee. The Company may not sign an amendment or supplemental Indenture until the Board of Directors approves it. In executing any amended or supplemental indenture, the Trustee shall be entitled to receive and (subject to Section 7.01 hereof) shall be fully protected in relying upon, in addition to the documents required by Section 11.04 hereof, an Officer's Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel stating that the execution of such amended or supplemental indenture is authorized or permitted by this Indenture. ARTICLE 10 NOTE GUARANTEES Section 10.01. Guarantee. The provisions of this Article 10 shall apply only to those Subsidiaries of the Company, if any, that execute one or more supplemental indentures to this Indenture in the form of Exhibit C to this Indenture in compliance with the requirements of Section 4.18 of this Indenture. Subject to this Article 10, each of the Guarantors hereby, jointly and severally, unconditionally guarantees to each Holder of a Note authenticated and delivered by the Trustee and to the Trustee and its successors and assigns, irrespective of the validity and enforceability of this Indenture, the Notes or the obligations of the Company hereunder or thereunder, that: (a) the principal of and interest on the Notes will be promptly paid in full when due, whether at maturity, by acceleration, redemption or otherwise, and interest on the overdue principal of and interest on the Notes, if any, if lawful, and all other obligations of the Company to the Holders or the Trustee hereunder or thereunder will be promptly paid in full or performed, all in accordance with the terms hereof and thereof; and (b) in case of any extension of time of payment or renewal of any Notes or any of such other obligations, that same will be promptly paid in full when due or performed in accordance with the terms of the extension or renewal, whether at stated maturity, by acceleration or otherwise. Failing payment when due of any amount so guaranteed or any performance so guaranteed for whatever reason, the Guarantors shall be jointly and severally obligated to pay the same immediately. Each Guarantor agrees that this is a guarantee of payment and not a guarantee of collection. 75

The Guarantors hereby agree that their obligations hereunder shall be unconditional, irrespective of the validity, regularity or enforceability of the Notes or this Indenture, the absence of any action to enforce the same, any waiver or consent by any Holder of the Notes with respect to any provisions hereof or thereof, the recovery of any judgment against the Company, any action to enforce the same or any other circumstance which might otherwise constitute a legal or equitable discharge or defense of a guarantor. Each Guarantor hereby waives diligence, presentment, demand of payment, filing of claims with a court in the event of insolvency or bankruptcy of the Company, any right to require a proceeding first against the Company, protest, notice and all demands whatsoever and covenant that this Note Guarantee shall not be discharged except by complete performance of the obligations contained in the Notes and this Indenture. If any Holder or the Trustee is required by any court or otherwise to return to the Company, the Guarantors or any Custodian, trustee, liquidator or other similar official acting in relation to either the Company or the Guarantors, any amount paid by either to the Trustee or such Holder, this Note Guarantee, to the extent theretofore discharged, shall be reinstated in full force and effect. Each Guarantor agrees that it shall not be entitled to any right of subrogation in relation to the Holders in respect of any obligations guaranteed hereby until payment in full of all obligations guaranteed hereby. Each Guarantor further agrees that, as between the Guarantors, on the one hand, and the Holders and the Trustee, on the other hand, (x) the maturity of the obligations guaranteed hereby may be accelerated as provided in Article 6 hereof for the purposes of this Note Guarantee, notwithstanding any stay, injunction or other prohibition preventing such acceleration in respect of the obligations guaranteed hereby, and (y) in the event of any declaration of acceleration of such obligations as provided in Article 6 hereof, such obligations (whether or not due and payable) shall forthwith become due and payable by the Guarantors for the purpose of this Note Guarantee. The Guarantors shall have the right to seek contribution from any non-paying Guarantor so long as the exercise of such right does not impair the rights of the Holders under the Guarantee. Section 10.02. Limitation on Guarantor Liability. Each Guarantor, and by its acceptance of Notes, each Holder, hereby confirms that it is the intention of all such parties that the Note Guarantee of such Guarantor not constitute a fraudulent transfer or conveyance for purposes of Bankruptcy Law, the Uniform Fraudulent Conveyance Act, the Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act or any similar federal or state law to the extent applicable to any Note Guarantee. To effectuate the foregoing intention, the Trustee, the Holders and the Guarantors hereby irrevocably agree that the obligations of such Guarantor will, after giving effect to such maximum amount and all other contingent and fixed liabilities of such Guarantor that are relevant under such laws, and after giving effect to any collections from, rights to receive contribution from or payments made by or on behalf of any other Guarantor in respect of the obligations of such other Guarantor under this Article 10, result in the obligations of such Guarantor under its Note Guarantee not constituting a fraudulent transfer or conveyance. Section 10.03. Execution and Delivery of Note Guarantee. To evidence its Note Guarantee set forth in Section 10.01, each Guarantor hereby agrees that a notation of such Note Guarantee substantially in the form included in Exhibit E shall be endorsed by an Officer of such Guarantor on each Note authenticated and delivered by the Trustee and that this Indenture shall be executed on behalf of such Guarantor by its President or one of its Vice Presidents. 76

Each Guarantor hereby agrees that its Note Guarantee set forth in Section 10.01 shall remain in full force and effect notwithstanding any failure to endorse on each Note a notation of such Note Guarantee. If an Officer whose signature is on this Indenture or on the Note Guarantee no longer holds that office at the time the Trustee authenticates the Note on which a Note Guarantee is endorsed, the Note Guarantee shall be valid nevertheless. The delivery of any Note by the Trustee, after the authentication thereof hereunder, shall constitute due delivery of the Note Guarantee set forth in this Indenture on behalf of the Guarantors. In the event that the Company creates or acquires any new Subsidiaries subsequent to the date of this Indenture, if required by Section 4.18 hereof, the Company shall cause such Subsidiaries to execute supplemental indentures to this Indenture and Note Guarantees in accordance with Section 4.18 hereof and this Article 10, to the extent applicable. Section 10.04. Guarantors May Consolidate, etc., on Certain Terms. Except as otherwise provided in Section 10.05, no Guarantor may consolidate with or merge with or into (whether or not such Guarantor is the surviving Person) another Person whether or not affiliated with such Guarantor unless: (a) subject to Section 10.05 hereof, the Person formed by or surviving any such consolidation or merger (if other than a Guarantor or the Company) unconditionally assumes all the obligations of such Guarantor, pursuant to a supplemental indenture in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee, under the Notes, the Indenture and the Note Guarantee on the terms set forth herein or therein; and (b) immediately after giving effect to such transaction, no Default or Event of Default exists. In case of any such consolidation, merger, sale or conveyance and upon the assumption by the successor Person, by supplemental indenture, executed and delivered to the Trustee and satisfactory in form to the Trustee, of the Note Guarantee endorsed upon the Notes and the due and punctual performance of all of the covenants and conditions of this Indenture to be performed by the Guarantor, such successor Person shall succeed to and be substituted for the Guarantor with the same effect as if it had been named herein as a Guarantor. Such successor Person thereupon may cause to be signed any or all of the Note Guarantees to be endorsed upon all of the Notes issuable hereunder which theretofore shall not have been signed by the Company and delivered to the Trustee. All the Note Guarantees so issued shall in all respects have the same legal rank and benefit under this Indenture as the Note Guarantees theretofore and thereafter issued in accordance with the terms of this Indenture as though all of such Note Guarantees had been issued at the date of the execution hereof. Except as set forth in Articles 4 and 5 hereof, and notwithstanding clauses (a) and (b) above, nothing contained in this Indenture or in any of the Notes shall prevent any consolidation or merger of a Guarantor with or into the Company or another Guarantor, or shall prevent any sale or conveyance of the property of a Guarantor as an entirety or substantially as an entirety to the Company or another Guarantor. 77

Section 10.05. Releases Following Sale of Assets. In the event of a sale or other disposition of all of the assets of any Guarantor, by way of merger, consolidation or otherwise, or a sale or other disposition of all to the capital stock of any Guarantor, in each case to a Person that is not (either before or after giving effect to such transactions) a Subsidiary of the Company, then such Guarantor (in the event of a sale or other disposition, by way of merger, consolidation or otherwise, of all of the capital stock of such Guarantor) or the corporation acquiring the property (in the event of a sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of such Guarantor) will be released and relieved of any obligations under its Note Guarantee; provided that the Net Proceeds of such sale or other disposition are applied in accordance with the applicable provisions of this Indenture, including without limitation Section 4.10 hereof. Upon delivery by the Company to the Trustee of an Officers' Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that such sale or other disposition was made by the Company in accordance with the provisions of this Indenture, including without limitation Section 4.10 hereof, the Trustee shall execute any documents reasonably required in order to evidence the release of any Guarantor from its obligations under its Note Guarantee. Any Guarantor not released from its obligations under its Note Guarantee shall remain liable for the full amount of principal of and interest on the Notes and for the other obligations of any Guarantor under this Indenture as provided in this Article 10. ARTICLE 11 MISCELLANEOUS Section 11.01. Trust Indenture Act Controls. If any provision of this Indenture limits, qualifies or conflicts with the duties imposed by TIA (S)318(c), the imposed duties shall control. Section 11.02. Notices. Any notice or communication by the Company or the Trustee to the others is duly given if in writing and delivered in Person or mailed by first class mail (registered or certified, return receipt requested), telex, telecopier or overnight air courier guaranteeing next day delivery, to the others' address: If to the Company: Crown Castle International Corp. 510 Bering Drive, Suite 500 Houston, Texas 77057 Telecopier No.: (713) 570-3150 Attention: Chief Financial Officer 78

With a copy to: Cravath, Swaine & Moore 825 Eighth Avenue New York, New York 10019 Telecopier No.: (212) 474-3700 Attention: Stephen L. Burns, Esq. If to the Trustee: Unites States Trust Company of New York 114 West 47th Street, 25th Floor New York, New York 10036 Telecopier No.: (212) 852-1626 Attention: Gerard F. Ganey Corporate Trust Division The Company or the Trustee, by notice to the others, may designate additional or different addresses for subsequent notices or communications. All notices and communications (other than those sent to Holders) shall be deemed to have been duly given: at the time delivered by hand, if personally delivered; five Business Days after being deposited in the mail, postage prepaid, if mailed; when answered back, if telexed; when receipt acknowledged, if telecopied; and the next Business Day after timely delivery to the courier, if sent by overnight air courier guaranteeing next day delivery. Any notice or communication to a Holder shall be mailed by first class mail, certified or registered, return receipt requested, or by overnight air courier guaranteeing next day delivery to its address shown on the register kept by the Registrar. Any notice or communication shall also be so mailed to any Person described in TIA (S) 313(c), to the extent required by the TIA. Failure to mail a notice or communication to a Holder or any defect in it shall not affect its sufficiency with respect to other Holders. If a notice or communication is mailed in the manner provided above within the time prescribed, it is duly given, whether or not the addressee receives it. If the Company mails a notice or communication to Holders, it shall mail a copy to the Trustee and each Agent at the same time. Section 11.03. Communication by Holders of Notes with Other Holders of Notes. Holders may communicate pursuant to TIA (S) 312(b) with other Holders with respect to their rights under this Indenture or the Notes. The Company, the Trustee, the Registrar and anyone else shall have the protection of TIA (S) 312(c). 79

Section 11.04. Certificate and Opinion as to Conditions Precedent. Upon any request or application by the Company to the Trustee to take any action under this Indenture, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee: (a) an Officers' Certificate in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee (which shall include the statements set forth in Section 11.05 hereof) stating that, in the opinion of the signers, all conditions precedent and covenants, if any, provided for in this Indenture relating to the proposed action have been satisfied; and (b) an Opinion of Counsel in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee (which shall include the statements set forth in Section 11.05 hereof) stating that, in the opinion of such counsel, all such conditions precedent and covenants have been satisfied. Section 11.05. Statements Required in Certificate or Opinion. Each certificate or opinion with respect to compliance with a condition or covenant provided for in this Indenture (other than a certificate provided pursuant to TIA (S) 314(a)(4)) shall comply with the provisions of TIA (S) 314(e) and shall include: (a) a statement that the Person making such certificate or opinion has read such covenant or condition; (b) a brief statement as to the nature and scope of the examination or investigation upon which the statements or opinions contained in such certificate or opinion are based; (c) a statement that, in the opinion of such Person, he or she has made such examination or investigation as is necessary to enable him to express an informed opinion as to whether or not such covenant or condition has been satisfied; and (d) a statement as to whether or not, in the opinion of such Person, such condition or covenant has been satisfied. Section 11.06. Rules by Trustee and Agents. The Trustee may make reasonable rules for action by or at a meeting of Holders. The Registrar or Paying Agent may make reasonable rules and set reasonable requirements for its functions; provided that no such rule shall conflict with the terms of this Indenture or the TIA. Section 11.07. No Personal Liability of Directors, Officers, Employees and Stockholders. No past, present or future director, officer, employee, incorporator or stockholder of the Company, as such, shall have any liability for any obligations of the Company under the Notes, this Indenture or for any claim based on, in respect of, or by reason of, such obligations or their creation. Each Holder by accepting a Note waives and releases all such liability. The waiver and release are part of the consideration for issuance of the Notes. 80

Section 11.08. Governing Law. THE INTERNAL LAW OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK SHALL GOVERN AND BE USED TO CONSTRUE THIS INDENTURE, THE NOTES WITHOUT GIVING EFFECT TO APPLICABLE PRINCIPLES OF CONFLICTS OF LAW TO THE EXTENT THAT THE APPLICATION OF THE LAWS OF ANOTHER JURISDICTION WOULD BE REQUIRED THEREBY. Section 11.09. No Adverse Interpretation of Other Agreements. This Indenture may not be used to interpret any other indenture, loan or debt agreement of the Company or its Subsidiaries or of any other Person. Any such indenture, loan or debt agreement may not be used to interpret this Indenture. Section 11.10. Successors. All agreements of the Company in this Indenture and the Notes shall bind its successors. All agreements of the Trustee in this Indenture shall bind its successors. Section 11.11. Severability. In case any provision in this Indenture or in the Notes shall be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby. Section 11.12. Counterpart Originals. The parties may sign any number of copies of this Indenture. Each signed copy shall be an original, but all of them together represent the same agreement. Section 11.13. Table of Contents, Headings, etc. The Table of Contents, Cross-Reference Table and Headings of the Articles and Sections of this Indenture have been inserted for convenience of reference only, are not to be considered a part of this Indenture and shall in no way modify or restrict any of the terms or provisions hereof. [Signatures on following page] 81

SIGNATURES Dated as of August 3, 1999 Crown Castle International Corp. By:__________________________________________ Name: Title: Attest: __________________________________________ Name: Title: United States Trust Company of New York By:__________________________________________ Name: Title: Attest: __________________________________________ Authorized Signatory Date:

[Face of Note] - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION IS PROVIDED SOLELY FOR PURPOSES OF APPLYING THE UNITED STATES FEDERAL INCOME TAX ORIGINAL ISSUE DISCOUNT RULES TO THIS NOTE. THE ISSUE DATE OF THIS NOTE IS AUGUST 3, 1999. THE ISSUE PRICE OF THIS NOTE IS $578.89 PER $1000.00 OF INITIAL PRINCIPAL AMOUNT AT MATURITY. THIS NOTE IS ISSUED WITH $421.11 OF ORIGINAL ISSUE DISCOUNT PER $1000.00 OF INITIAL PRINCIPAL AMOUNT AT MATURITY. THE YIELD TO MATURITY OF THIS NOTE IS 11 1/4%. CUSIP/CINS ____________ 11 1/4% Senior Discount Notes due 2011 No. ___ $____________ CROWN CASTLE INTERNATIONAL CORP. promises to pay to CEDE & CO. or registered assigns, the principal sum of _____________________________________ DOLLARS on August 1, 2011. Interest Payment Dates: February 1 and August 1 Record Dates: January 15 and July 15 Dated: August 3, 1999 CROWN CASTLE INTERNATIONAL CORP. By:__________________________________________ Name: Title: By:__________________________________________ Name: Title: This is one of the Notes referred to in the within-mentioned Indenture: United States Trust Company of New York, as Trustee By: __________________________________ Authorized Signatory ________________________________________________________________________________

[Back of Note] 11 1/4% Senior Discount Notes due 2011 [Insert the Global Note Legend, if applicable pursuant to the provisions of the Indenture] [Insert the Private Placement Legend, if applicable pursuant to the provisions of the Indenture] Capitalized terms used herein shall have the meanings assigned to them in the Indenture referred to below unless otherwise indicated. 1. Interest. No cash interest will accrue on the Notes before August 1, 2004. The Accreted Value of the Notes will accrete between August 3, 1999 and August 1, 2004, on a semiannual bond equivalent basis using a 360-day year comprised of twelve 30-day months such that the Accreted Value shall be equal to the principal amount of the Notes on August 1, 2004. The initial Accreted Value of the Notes will be $150,511,400. Crown Castle International Corp., a Delaware corporation (the "Company"), promises to pay interest on the principal amount of this Note at 11 1/4% per annum from August 1, 2004 until maturity. The Company will pay interest semi-annually in arrears on February 1 and August 1 of each year, or if any such day is not a Business Day, on the next succeeding Business Day (each an "Interest Payment Date"). Interest on the Notes will accrue from the most recent date to which interest has been paid or, if no interest has been paid, from the date of issuance; provided that if there is no existing Default in the payment of interest, and if this Note is authenticated between a record date referred to on the face hereof and the next succeeding Interest Payment Date, interest shall accrue from such next succeeding Interest Payment Date; provided, further, that the first Interest Payment Date shall be February 1, 2005. The Company shall pay interest (including post-petition interest in any proceeding under any Bankruptcy Law) on overdue principal and premium and Special Interest, if any, from time to time on demand at a rate that is 1% per annum in excess of the rate then in effect; it shall pay interest (including post-petition interest in any proceeding under any Bankruptcy Law) on overdue installments of interest (without regard to any applicable grace periods) from time to time on demand at the same rate to the extent lawful. Interest will be computed on the basis of a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months. 2. Special Interest. The Holder of this Note is entitled to the benefits of the Registration Rights Agreement relating to the Notes, dated as of August 3, 1999, between the Company and the Initial Purchasers party thereto (the "Registration Rights Agreement"). In the event that either (a) the Company fails to file the Exchange Registration Statement or the Shelf Registration Statement (as such terms are defined in the Registration Rights Agreement) on or before the date specified for such filing in the Registration Rights Agreement, (b) the Exchange Registration Statement is not declared effective within 150 days after the closing of the sale of the Notes or the Shelf Registration Statement is not declared effective within 90 days from the date such Shelf Registration Statement is filed, (c) the Company fails to complete the Exchange Offer within the specified time frame, or (d) the Exchange Registration Statement or the Shelf Registration Statement is filed and declared effective but is thereafter either withdrawn or becomes subject to an effective stop order suspending the effectiveness (except as specifically permitted in the Registration Rights Agreement) without being succeeded immediately by an additional registration statement which becomes effective (each such event referred to in clauses (a) through (d) above, a "Registration Default"), then the Company will pay Special Interest pursuant to provisions of the Registration Rights Agreement and the Notes to each holder of the Notes. Special interest will accrue at a rate per annum equal to $.05 per week per $1,000 principal A-1

amount at maturity of the Notes for the first 90 days immediately following the occurrence of the Registration Default, increasing by an additional $.05 per week per $1,000 principal amount at maturity of the Notes with respect to each subsequent 90-day period until all Registration Defaults have been cured, up to a maximum amount of Special Interest for all Registration Defaults of $.50 per week per $1,000 principal amount at maturity of Notes. In each case such additional interest will be payable in cash semiannually in arrears on each February 1 and August 1, commencing February 1, 2000, to Holders of record on the immediately preceding January 15 and July 15, respectively. 3. Method of Payment. The Company will pay interest on the Notes (except defaulted interest) to the Persons who are registered Holders of Notes at the close of business on the May 1 or November 1 next preceding the Interest Payment Date, even if such Notes are canceled after such record date and on or before such Interest Payment Date, except as provided in Section 2.12 of the Indenture with respect to defaulted interest. The Notes will be payable as to principal, premium and Special Interest, if any, and interest at the office or agency of the Company maintained for such purpose within or without the City and State of New York, or, at the option of the Company, payment of interest may be made by check mailed to the Holders at their addresses set forth in the register of Holders, and provided that payment by wire transfer of immediately available funds will be required with respect to principal of and interest, premium on, all Global Notes and all other Notes the Holders of which shall have provided wire transfer instructions to the Company or the Paying Agent. Such payment shall be in such coin or currency of the United States of America as at the time of payment is legal tender for payment of public and private debts. 4. Paying Agent and Registrar. Initially, United States Trust Company of New York, the Trustee under the Indenture, will act as Paying Agent and Registrar. The Company may change any Paying Agent or Registrar without notice to any Holder. The Company or any of its Subsidiaries may act in any such capacity. 5. Indenture. The Company issued the Notes under an Indenture dated as of August 3, 1999 ("Indenture") between the Company and the Trustee. The terms of the Notes include those stated in the Indenture and those made part of the Indenture by reference to the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended (15 U.S. Code (S)(S) 77aaa-77bbbb) (the "Trust Indenture Act"). The Notes are subject to all such terms, and Holders are referred to the Indenture and such Act for a statement of such terms. To the extent any provision of this Note conflicts with the express provisions of the Indenture, the provisions of the Indenture shall govern and be controlling. The Notes are obligations of the Company limited to $360.0 million in aggregate principal amount at maturity. 6. Optional Redemption. (a) Except as provided in clause (b) of this Paragraph 5, the Notes will not be redeemable at the Company's option prior to August 1, 2004. On or after August 1, 2004, the Company may redeem all or a part of the Notes upon not less than 30 nor more than 60 days' notice, at the redemption prices (expressed as percentages of principal amount at maturity) set forth below plus accrued and unpaid interest and Special Interest if any, on the Notes redeemed to the applicable redemption date (subject to the right of Holders of record on the relevant record date to receive interest due on the relevant interest payment date), if redeemed during the twelve-month period beginning on August 1 of the years indicated below: A-2

Year Percentage - ---- ---------- 2004.................................................... 105.625% 2005.................................................... 103.750% 2006.................................................... 101.875% 2007 and thereafter..................................... 100.000% (b) Notwithstanding the provisions of clause (a) of this Paragraph 5, at any time during the first 36 months after the date of the original issuance of the Notes, the Company may on any one or more occasions redeem up to 35% of the aggregate principal amount at maturity of the Notes originally issued at a redemption price equal to 111.25% of Accreted Value of the Notes to be redeemed on the redemption date with the net cash proceeds of one or more Public Equity Offerings and/or Strategic Equity Investments provided that: (1) at least 65% of the aggregate principal amount at maturity of the Notes originally issued remains outstanding immediately after the occurrence of such redemption (excluding Notes held by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries); and (2) the redemption occurs within 60 days of the date of the closing of such Public Equity Offering or Strategic Equity Investment. 7. Mandatory Redemption. Except as set forth in paragraph 7 below, the Company shall not be required to make mandatory redemption payments with respect to the Notes. 8. Repurchase at Option of Holder. (a) If there is a Change of Control, the Company shall be required to make an offer (a "Change of Control Offer") to repurchase all or any part (equal to $1,000 or an integral multiple thereof) of each Holder's Notes at a purchase price equal to 101% of the Accreted Value of the Notes repurchased prior to the Full Accretion Date and 101% of the aggregate principal amount of the Notes repurchased on or after the Full Accretion Date plus accrued and unpaid interest and Special Interest thereon, if any, to the date of purchase (the "Change of Control Payment"). Within 30 days following any Change of Control, the Company shall mail a notice to each Holder setting forth the procedures governing the Change of Control Offer as required by the Indenture. (b) If the Company or a Restricted Subsidiary consummates any Asset Sales when the aggregate amount of Excess Proceeds exceeds $10 million, the Company shall commence an offer to all Holders of Notes (as "Asset Sale Offer") pursuant to Section 3.09 of the Indenture to purchase the maximum principal amount of Notes that may be purchased out of the Excess Proceeds at an offer price in cash in an amount equal to 100% of the Accreted Value of the Notes purchased before the Full Accretion Date and 100% of the principal amount of the Notes repurchased on or after the Full Accretion Date, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon and Special Interest, if any, to the date fixed for the closing of such offer, in accordance with the procedures set forth in the Indenture. To the extent that the aggregate amount of Notes tendered pursuant to an Asset Sale Offer is less than the Excess Proceeds, the Company (or such Restricted Subsidiary) may use such deficiency for any purpose not otherwise prohibited by the Indenture. If the Accreted Value or aggregate principal amount, as the case may be, of Notes surrendered by Holders thereof exceeds the amount of Excess Proceeds, the Trustee shall select the Notes to be purchased on a pro rata basis. Holders of Notes that are the subject of an offer to A-3

purchase will receive an Asset Sale Offer from the Company prior to any related purchase date and may elect to have such Notes purchased by completing the form entitled "Option of Holder to Elect Purchase" on the reverse of the Notes. 9. Notice of Redemption. Notice of redemption will be mailed at least 30 days but not more than 60 days before the redemption date to each Holder whose Notes are to be redeemed at its registered address. Notes in denominations larger than $1,000 may be redeemed in part but only in whole multiples of $1,000, unless all of the Notes held by a Holder are to be redeemed. On and after the redemption date interest ceases to accrue on Notes or portions thereof called for redemption. 10. Denominations, Transfer, Exchange. The Notes are in registered form without coupons in denominations of $1,000 and integral multiples of $1,000. The transfer of Notes may be registered and Notes may be exchanged as provided in the Indenture. The Registrar and the Trustee may require a Holder, among other things, to furnish appropriate endorsements and transfer documents and the Company may require a Holder to pay any taxes and fees required by law or permitted by the Indenture. The Company need not exchange or register the transfer of any Note or portion of a Note selected for redemption, except for the unredeemed portion of any Note being redeemed in part. Also, the Company need not exchange or register the transfer of any Notes for a period of 15 days before a selection of Notes to be redeemed or during the period between a record date and the corresponding Interest Payment Date. 11. Persons Deemed Owners. The registered Holder of a Note may be treated as its owner for all purposes. 12. Amendment, Supplement and Waiver. Subject to certain exceptions, the Indenture or the Notes may be amended or supplemented with the consent of the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount at maturity of the then outstanding Notes, and any existing default or compliance with any provision of the Indenture or the Notes may be waived with the consent of the Holders of a majority in principal amount at maturity of the then outstanding Notes. Without the consent of any Holder of Notes, the Indenture or the Notes may be amended or supplemented to cure any ambiguity, defect or inconsistency, to provide for uncertificated Notes in addition to or in place of certificated Notes, to provide for the assumption of the Company's obligations to Holders of the Notes in case of a merger or consolidation, to make any change that would provide any additional rights or benefits to the Holders of the Notes or that does not adversely affect the legal rights under the Indenture of any such Holder, or to comply with the requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission in order to effect or maintain the qualification of the Indenture under the Trust Indenture Act. 13. Defaults and Remedies. Events of Default include: (i) default for 30 days in the payment when due of interest on the Notes; (ii) default in payment when due of principal of or premium, and Special Interest, if any, on the Notes, (iii) failure by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries to comply with Section 3.09, 4.10, 4.15 or 5.01 of the Indenture; (iv) failure by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries for 30 days after notice to the Company by the Trustee or the Holders of at least 25% in principal amount at maturity of the Notes then outstanding to comply with certain other agreements in the Indenture or the Notes; (v) default under certain other agreements relating to Indebtedness of the Company which default results in the acceleration of such Indebtedness prior to its express maturity; (vi) certain final judgments for the payment of money that remain undischarged for a period of 60 days; and (vii) certain events of bankruptcy or insolvency with respect to the Company or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries. If any Event of Default occurs and is continuing, the Trustee or the Holders of at least 25% in principal amount at maturity of the then outstanding Notes may declare all the Notes to be due and A-4

payable. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the case of an Event of Default arising from certain events of bankruptcy or insolvency, all outstanding Notes will become due and payable without further action or notice. Holders may not enforce the Indenture or the Notes except as provided in the Indenture. Subject to certain limitations, Holders of a majority in principal amount at maturity of the then outstanding Notes may direct the Trustee in its exercise of any trust or power. The Trustee may withhold from Holders of the Notes notice of any continuing Default or Event of Default (except a Default or Event of Default relating to the payment of principal or interest) if it determines that withholding notice is in their interest. The Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount at maturity of the Notes then outstanding by notice to the Trustee may on behalf of the Holders of all of the Notes waive any existing Default or Event of Default and its consequences under the Indenture except a continuing Default or Event of Default in the payment of interest on, or the principal of, the Notes. The Company is required to deliver to the Trustee annually a statement regarding compliance with the Indenture, and the Company is required upon becoming aware of any Default or Event of Default, to deliver to the Trustee a statement specifying such Default or Event of Default. 14 Trustee Dealings with Company. The Trustee, in its individual or any other capacity, may make loans to, accept deposits from, and perform services for the Company or its Affiliates, and may otherwise deal with the Company or its Affiliates, as if it were not the Trustee. 15. No Recourse Against Others. A director, officer, employee, incorporator or stockholder, of the Company, as such, shall not have any liability for any obligations of the Company under the Notes or the Indenture or for any claim based on, in respect of, or by reason of, such obligations or their creation. Each Holder by accepting a Note waives and releases all such liability. The waiver and release are part of the consideration for the issuance of the Notes. 16. Authentication. This Note shall not be valid until authenticated by the manual signature of the Trustee or an authenticating agent. 17. Abbreviations. Customary abbreviations may be used in the name of a Holder or an assignee, such as: TEN COM (= tenants in common), TEN ENT (= tenants by the entireties), JT TEN (= joint tenants with right of survivorship and not as tenants in common), CUST (= Custodian), and U/G/M/A (= Uniform Gifts to Minors Act). 18. CUSIP Numbers. Pursuant to a recommendation promulgated by the Committee on Uniform Security Identification Procedures, the Company has caused CUSIP numbers to be printed on the Notes and the Trustee may use CUSIP numbers in notices of redemption as a convenience to Holders. No representation is made as to the accuracy of such numbers either as printed on the Notes or as contained in any notice of redemption and reliance may be placed only on the other identification numbers placed thereon. The Company will furnish to any Holder upon written request and without charge a copy of the Indenture. Requests may be made to: Crown Castle International Corp., 510 Bering Drive, Suite 500, Houston, Texas 77057, Attention: Chief Financial Officer. A-5

Assignment Form To assign this Note, fill in the form below: (I) or (we) assign and transfer this Note to:_______________________________ (Insert assignee's legal name) - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (Insert assignee's soc. sec. or tax I.D. no.) - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (Print or type assignee's name, address and zip code) and irrevocably appoint________________________________________________________ to transfer this Note on the books of the Company. The agent may substitute another to act for him. Date:___________________ Your Signature:___________________________________ (Sign exactly as your name appears on the face of this Note) Signature Guarantee*:___________________________ * Participant in a recognized Signature Guarantee Medallion Program (or other signature guarantor acceptable to the Trustee). A-6

Option of Holder to Elect Purchase If you want to elect to have this Note purchased by the Company pursuant to Section 4.10 or 4.15 of the Indenture, check the appropriate box below: [_] ERROR! SWITCH ARGUMENT NOT SPECIFIED. Section 4.10 [_] ERROR! SWITCH ARGUMENT NOT SPECIFIED. Section 4.15 If you want to elect to have only part of the Note purchased by the Company pursuant to Section 4.10 or Section 4.15 of the Indenture, state the amount you elect to have purchased: $____________ Date:______________ Your Signature:__________________________________ (Sign exactly as your name appears on the face of this Note) Tax Identification No.:__________________________ Signature Guarantee*:__________________________ * Participant in a recognized Signature Guarantee Medallion Program (or other signature guarantor acceptable to the Trustee). A-7

SCHEDULE OF EXCHANGES OF INTERESTS IN THE GLOBAL NOTE* The following exchanges of a part of this Global Note for an interest in another Global Note or for a Definitive Note, or exchanges of a part of another Global Note or Definitive Note for an interest in this Global Note, have been made: Principal amount at maturity of Amount of decrease in Amount of increase in this Global Note Signature of Principal amount at Principal amount at following such authorized officer of maturity of maturity of decrease Trustee or Note Date of Exchange this Global Note this Global Note (or increase) Custodian - ------------------- -------------------- -------------------- --------------------- ------------------- * This schedule should be included only if the Note is issued in global form. - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- A-8

EXHIBIT B FORM OF CERTIFICATE OF TRANSFER Crown Castle International Corp. 510 Bering Drive, Suite 500 Houston, Texas 77057 [Registrar address block] Re: 11 1/4% Senior Discount Notes due 2011 -------------------------------------- Reference is hereby made to the Indenture, dated as of August 3, 1999 (the "Indenture"), between Crown Castle International Corp., as issuer (the "Company"), and United States Trust Company of New York, as Trustee. Capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings given to them in the Indenture. ___________________, (the "Transferor") owns and proposes to transfer the Note[s] or interest in such Note[s] specified in Annex A hereto, in the principal amount of $___________ in such Note[s] or interests (the "Transfer"), to ___________________________ (the "Transferee"), as further specified in Annex A hereto. In connection with the Transfer, the Transferor hereby certifies that: 1. [_] CHECK IF TRANSFEREE WILL TAKE DELIVERY OF A BENEFICIAL INTEREST IN THE 144A GLOBAL NOTE OR A DEFINITIVE NOTE PURSUANT TO RULE 144A. The Transfer is being effected pursuant to and in accordance with Rule 144A under the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), and, accordingly, the Transferor hereby further certifies that the beneficial interest or Definitive Note is being transferred to a Person that the Transferor reasonably believed and believes is purchasing the beneficial interest or Definitive Note for its own account, or for one or more accounts with respect to which such Person exercises sole investment discretion, and such Person and each such account is a "qualified institutional buyer" within the meaning of Rule 144A in a transaction meeting the requirements of Rule 144A and such Transfer is in compliance with any applicable blue sky securities laws of any state of the United States. Upon consummation of the proposed Transfer in accordance with the terms of the Indenture, the transferred beneficial interest or Definitive Note will be subject to the restrictions on transfer enumerated in the Private Placement Legend printed on the 144A Global Note and/or the Definitive Note and in the Indenture and the Securities Act. 2. [_] CHECK IF TRANSFEREE WILL TAKE DELIVERY OF A BENEFICIAL INTEREST IN THE REGULATION S GLOBAL NOTE OR A DEFINITIVE NOTE PURSUANT TO REGULATION S. The Transfer is being effected pursuant to and in accordance with Rule 903 or Rule 904 under the Securities Act and, accordingly, the Transferor hereby further certifies that (i) the Transfer is not being made to a person in the United States and (x) at the time the buy order was originated, the Transferee was outside the United States or such Transferor and any Person acting on its behalf reasonably believed and believes that the Transferee was outside the United States or (y) the transaction was executed in, on or through the facilities of a designated offshore securities market and neither such Transferor nor any Person acting on its behalf knows that the transaction was prearranged with a buyer in the United States, (ii) no directed selling efforts have been made in contravention of the requirements of Rule 903(b) or Rule 904(b) of Regulation S under the Securities Act [and/,] (iii) the transaction is not part of a plan or scheme to evade the registration B-1

ANNEX A TO CERTIFICATE OF TRANSFER 1. The Transferor owns and proposes to transfer the following: [CHECK ONE OF (a) OR (b)] (a) [_] a beneficial interest in the: (i) [_] 144A Global Note (CUSIP _____________________ ), or (ii) [_] Regulation S Global Note (CUSIP _____________ ), or (iii) [_] IAI Global Note (CUSIP ______________________ ); or (b) [_] a Restricted Definitive Note. 2. After the Transfer the Transferee will hold: [CHECK ONE] (a) [_] a beneficial interest in the: (i) [_] 144A Global Note (CUSIP _____________________ ), or (ii) [_] Regulation S Global Note (CUSIP _____________ ), or (iii) [_] IAI Global Note (CUSIP ______________________ ); or (iv) [_] Unrestricted Global Note (CUSIP _____________ ); or (b) [_] a Restricted Definitive Note; or (c) [_] an Unrestricted Definitive Note, in accordance with the terms of the Indenture. B-4

EXHIBIT C FORM OF CERTIFICATE OF EXCHANGE Crown Castle International Corp. 510 Bering Drive, Suite 500 Houston, Texas 77057 [Registrar address block] Re: 11 1/4% Senior Discount Notes due 2011 -------------------------------------- (CUSIP ____________) Reference is hereby made to the Indenture, dated as of August 3, 1999 (the "Indenture"), between Crown Castle International Corp., as issuer (the "Company"), and United States Trust Company of New York, as trustee. Capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings given to them in the Indenture. __________________________, (the "Owner") owns and proposes to exchange the Note[s] or interest in such Note[s] specified herein, in the principal amount of $____________ in such Note[s] or interests (the "Exchange"). In connection with the Exchange, the Owner hereby certifies that: 1. EXCHANGE OF RESTRICTED DEFINITIVE NOTES OR BENEFICIAL INTERESTS IN A RESTRICTED GLOBAL NOTE FOR UNRESTRICTED DEFINITIVE NOTES OR BENEFICIAL INTERESTS IN AN UNRESTRICTED GLOBAL NOTE (a) [_] CHECK IF EXCHANGE IS FROM BENEFICIAL INTEREST IN A RESTRICTED GLOBAL NOTE TO BENEFICIAL INTEREST IN AN UNRESTRICTED GLOBAL NOTE. In connection with the Exchange of the Owner's beneficial interest in a Restricted Global Note for a beneficial interest in an Unrestricted Global Note in an equal principal amount, the Owner hereby certifies (i) the beneficial interest is being acquired for the Owner's own account without transfer, (ii) such Exchange has been effected in compliance with the transfer restrictions applicable to the Global Notes and pursuant to and in accordance with the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), (iii) the restrictions on transfer contained in the Indenture and the Private Placement Legend are not required in order to maintain compliance with the Securities Act and (iv) the beneficial interest in an Unrestricted Global Note is being acquired in compliance with any applicable blue sky securities laws of any state of the United States. (b) [_] CHECK IF EXCHANGE IS FROM BENEFICIAL INTEREST IN A RESTRICTED GLOBAL NOTE TO UNRESTRICTED DEFINITIVE NOTE. In connection with the Exchange of the Owner's beneficial interest in a Restricted Global Note for an Unrestricted Definitive Note, the Owner hereby certifies (i) the Definitive Note is being acquired for the Owner's own account without transfer, (ii) such Exchange has been effected in compliance with the transfer restrictions applicable to the Restricted Global Notes and pursuant to and in accordance with the Securities Act, (iii) the restrictions on transfer contained in the Indenture and the Private Placement Legend are not required in order to maintain compliance with the Securities Act and (iv) the Definitive Note is being acquired in compliance with any applicable blue sky securities laws of any state of the United States. C-1

EXHIBIT D FORM OF CERTIFICATE FROM ACQUIRING INSTITUTIONAL ACCREDITED INVESTOR Crown Castle International Corp. 510 Bering Drive, Suite 500 Houston, Texas 77057 [Registrar address block] Re: 11 1/4% Senior Discount Notes due 2011 -------------------------------------- Reference is hereby made to the Indenture, dated as of August 3 (the "Indenture"), between Crown Castle International Corp., as issuer (the "Company"), and United States Trust Company of New York, as trustee. Capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings given to them in the Indenture. In connection with our proposed purchase of $____________ aggregate principal amount of: (a) [_] a beneficial interest in a Global Note, or (b) [_] a Definitive Note, we confirm that: 1. We understand that any subsequent transfer of the Notes or any interest therein is subject to certain restrictions and conditions set forth in the Indenture and the undersigned agrees to be bound by, and not to resell, pledge or otherwise transfer the Notes or any interest therein except in compliance with, such restrictions and conditions and the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"). 2. We understand that the offer and sale of the Notes have not been registered under the Securities Act, and that the Notes and any interest therein may not be offered or sold except as permitted in the following sentence. We agree, on our own behalf and on behalf of any accounts for which we are acting as hereinafter stated, that if we should sell the Notes or any interest therein, we will do so only (A) to the Company or any subsidiary thereof, (B) in accordance with Rule 144A under the Securities Act to a "qualified institutional buyer" (as defined therein), (C) to an institutional "accredited investor" (as defined below) that, prior to such transfer, furnishes (or has furnished on its behalf by a U.S. broker-dealer) to you and to the Company a signed letter substantially in the form of this letter and an Opinion of Counsel in form reasonably acceptable to the Company to the effect that such transfer is in compliance with the Securities Act, (D) outside the United States in accordance with Rule 904 of Regulation S under the Securities Act, (E) pursuant to the provisions of Rule 144(k) under the Securities Act or (F) pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act, and we further agree to provide to any person purchasing the Definitive Note or beneficial interest in a Global Note from us in a transaction meeting the requirements of clauses (A) through (E) of this paragraph a notice advising such purchaser that resales thereof are restricted as stated herein. D-1

EXHIBIT E FORM OF SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURE TO BE DELIVERED BY SUBSEQUENT GUARANTORS Supplemental Indenture (this "Supplemental Indenture"), dated as of ________, among __________________ (the "Guaranteeing Subsidiary"), a subsidiary of CROWN CASTLE INTERNATIONAL CORP. (or its permitted successor), a Delaware corporation (the "Company"), the Company, the other Guarantors (as defined in the Indenture referred to herein) and UNITED STATES TRUST COMPANY OF NEW YORK, as trustee under the Indenture referred to below (the "Trustee"). W I T N E S S E T H WHEREAS, the Company has heretofore executed and delivered to the Trustee an indenture (the "Indenture"), dated as of August 3, 1999 providing for the issuance of an aggregate principal amount at maturity of up to $360.0 million of 11 1/4% Senior Discount Notes due 2011 (the "Notes"); WHEREAS, the Indenture provides that under certain circumstances the Guaranteeing Subsidiary shall execute and deliver to the Trustee a supplemental indenture pursuant to which the Guaranteeing Subsidiary shall unconditionally guarantee all of the Company's Obligations under the Notes and the Indenture on the terms and conditions set forth herein (the "Note Guarantee"); and WHEREAS, pursuant to Section 9.1 of the Indenture, the Trustee is authorized to execute and deliver this Supplemental Indenture. NOW THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt of which is hereby acknowledged, the Guaranteeing Subsidiary and the Trustee mutually covenant and agree for the equal and ratable benefit of the Holders of the Notes as follows: 1. Capitalized Terms. Capitalized terms used herein without definition shall have the meanings assigned to them in the Indenture. 2. Agreement to Guarantee. The Guaranteeing Subsidiary hereby agrees as follows: (a) Along with all Guarantors named in the Indenture, to jointly and severally Guarantee to each Holder of a Note authenticated and delivered by the Trustee and to the Trustee and its successors and assigns, irrespective of the validity and enforceability of the Indenture, the Notes or the obligations of the Company hereunder or thereunder, that: (i) the principal of and interest on the Notes will be promptly paid in full when due, whether at maturity, by acceleration, redemption or otherwise, and interest on the overdue principal of and interest and Special Interest on the Notes, if any, if lawful, and all other obligations of the Company to the Holders or the Trustee hereunder or thereunder will be promptly paid in full or performed, all in accordance with the terms hereof and thereof; and E-1

EXHIBIT F FORM OF NOTATION OF GUARANTEE For value received, each Guarantor (which term includes any successor Person under the Indenture) has, jointly and severally, unconditionally guaranteed, to the extent set forth in the Indenture and subject to the provisions in the Indenture dated as of August 3, 1999 (the "Indenture") among CROWN CASTLE INTERNATIONAL CORP. and UNITED STATES TRUST COMPANY OF NEW YORK, as trustee (the "Trustee"), (a) the due and punctual payment of the principal of, premium and Special Interest, if any, and interest on the Notes (as defined in the Indenture), whether at maturity, by acceleration, redemption or otherwise, the due and punctual payment of interest on overdue principal and premium, and, to the extent permitted by law, interest, and the due and punctual performance of all other obligations of the Company to the Holders or the Trustee all in accordance with the terms of the Indenture and (b) in case of any extension of time of payment or renewal of any Notes or any of such other obligations, that the same will be promptly paid in full when due or performed in accordance with the terms of the extension or renewal, whether at stated maturity, by acceleration or otherwise. The obligations of the Guarantors to the Holders of Notes and to the Trustee pursuant to the Note Guarantee and the Indenture are expressly set forth in Article 10 of the Indenture and reference is hereby made to the Indenture for the precise terms of the Note Guarantee. Each Holder of a Note, by accepting the same, agrees to and shall be bound by such provisions. [Name of Guarantor(s)] By:___________________________________________ Name: Title: F-6

EXHIBIT 11.1 CROWN CASTLE INTERNATIONAL CORP. COMPUTATION OF NET LOSS PER COMMON SHARE (In thousands of dollars, except per share amounts) Three Months Ended Six Months Ended June 30, June 30, ------------------ ----------------- 1998 1999 1998 1999 ------------------- ------------------ (In thousands of dollars, except per share amounts) Loss before cumulative effect of change in accounting principle $(6,426) $(20,850) $(13,032) $(34,323) Dividends on preferred stock (2,077) (6,614) (4,132) (13,022) ------- -------- -------- -------- Loss before cumulative effect of change in accounting principle applicable to common stock for basic and diluted computations (8,503) (27,464) (17,164) (47,345) Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle -- -- -- (2,414) ------- -------- -------- -------- Net loss applicable to common stock for basic and diluted computations $(8,503) $(27,464) $(17,164) $(49,759) ======= ======== ======== ======== Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period for basic and diluted computations (in thousands) 10,954 124,849 10,954 109,791 ======= ======== ======== ======== Per common share--basic and diluted: Loss before cumulative effect of change in accounting principle $ (0.78) $ (0.22) $ (1.57) $ (0.43) Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle -- -- -- (0.02) ------- -------- -------- -------- Net loss $ (0.78) $ (0.22) $ (1.57) $ (0.45) ======= ======== ======== ========

5 This schedule contains summary financial information extracted from the Company's consolidated balance sheet and consolidated statement of operations and is qualified in its entirety by reference to such consolidated financial statements together with the related footnotes thereto. 1,000 U.S. DOLLARS 6-MOS DEC-31-1999 JAN-01-1999 JUN-30-1999 1 705,924 0 29,847 1,192 12,591 767,475 1,671,468 55,822 3,029,094 85,839 1,194,681 214,085 0 1,417 1,434,981 3,029,094 0 132,636 0 60,241 72,986 0 37,842 (33,554) 197 (34,323) 0 0 (2,414) (36,737) (0.45) (0.45)